Carraraite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Carraraite
Formula:
Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
Colour:
White
Lustre:
Vitreous
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named for the type locality, marble quarries in Carrara basin, Apuan Alps, Italy
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7038
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7038:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
c049060c-5ea3-448a-b9a2-9358c1669def
IMA Classification of Carraraite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ca3Ge(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O
Classification of Carraraite
7.DG.15
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
32.4.4.6
32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Cra | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Carraraite
Optical Data of Carraraite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.479(1) nε = 1.509(1)
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.030
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemistry of Carraraite
Mindat Formula:
Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
Crystallography of Carraraite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.056 Å, b = 3 Å, c = 10.629(6) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.685 : 1 : 3.543
Unit Cell V:
1,125.17 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Hexagonal crystals, prismatic {100}, tabular {001}.
Comment:
Space group P63 or P63/m
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0002736 | Carraraite | Merlino S, Orlandi P (2001) Carraraite and zaccagnaite, two new minerals from the Carrara marble quarries: their chemical compositions, physical properties and structural features American Mineralogist 86 1293-1301 | 2001 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
9.57 Å | (very strong) |
5.53 Å | (strong) |
3.83 Å | (strong) |
3.56 Å | (moderately strong) |
2.74 Å | (moderately strong) |
3.44 Å | (moderate) |
2.53 Å | (moderate) |
Comments:
Gioia quarry, Italy. Data from the type description. Pattern is similar to thaumasite.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
46 : Near-surface hydrothermal alteration of minerals (see also #22) |
Type Occurrence of Carraraite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, University of Pisa, Via Roma 103, I-56011 Calci(PI), Italy.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Marble altered by aluminium rich hydrothermal solutions acting on sulfides.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Merlino S, Orlandi P (2001) Carraraite and zaccagnaite, two new minerals from the Carrara marble quarries: their chemical compositions, physical properties, and structural features. American Mineralogist 86, 1293-1301
Synonyms of Carraraite
Other Language Names for Carraraite
Relationship of Carraraite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Bentorite | Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Buryatite | Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Chiyokoite | Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Hielscherite | Ca3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Imayoshiite | Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Kottenheimite | Ca 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Micheelsenite | (Ca2Y)Al(PO3OH)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Siwaqaite | Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Sturmanite | Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Tatarinovite | Ca3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
UM2008-07-CO:AlBCaHSSi | Ca6(Al,Si)2(CO3,SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O | |
Unnamed (possible Mn(IV) analogue of Sturmanite) | Ca6Mn4+2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)10O2 · nH2O |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Carraraite associated with Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.DG. | Mathesiusite | K5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
7.DG.05 | Darapskite | Na3(SO4)(NO3) · H2O |
7.DG.10 | Clinoungemachite | (Na, K, Fe, SO4) |
7.DG.10 | Humberstonite | Na7K3Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
7.DG.10 | Ungemachite | K3Na8Fe(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
7.DG.15 | Bentorite | Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Sturmanite | Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
7.DG.15 | Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Buryatite | Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Birunite | Ca18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5SO4 · 15H2O(?) |
7.DG.15 | Hielscherite | Ca3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2O |
7.DG.15 | Kottenheimite | Ca 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Imayoshiite | Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Tatarinovite | Ca3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Siwaqaite | Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Chiyokoite | Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2O |
7.DG.20 | Rapidcreekite | Ca2(SO4)(CO3) · 4H2O |
7.DG.25 | Tatarskite | Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O |
7.DG.30 | Nakauriite | Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 · 48H2O |
7.DG.35 | Chessexite | (Na,K)4Ca2(Mg,Zn)3Al8(SO4)10(SiO4)2 · 40H2O |
7.DG.40 | Carlosruizite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
7.DG.40 | Fuenzalidaite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
7.DG.45 | Chelyabinskite | (Ca,Mg)3(SO4,CO3)2[Si(OH)6] · 9H2O (?) |
7.DG.55 | Ramazzoite | [Mg8Cu12(PO4)(CO3)4(OH)24(H2O)20][(H0.33SO4)3(H2O)36] |
7.DG.60 | Witzkeite | Na4K4Ca(NO3)2(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Carraraite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7038.html
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References for Carraraite
Reference List:
Localities for Carraraite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| RRUFF database D. Doell |
Italy | |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi (2004) +2 other references |
| Merlino et al. (2001) +2 other references |
Quick NavTopAbout CarraraiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Gioia quarries, Casette, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy