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Carraraite

A valid IMA mineral species
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About CarraraiteHide

Formula:
Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
Colour:
White
Lustre:
Vitreous
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named for the type locality, marble quarries in Carrara basin, Apuan Alps, Italy
The Ge analogue of thaumasite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
7038
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7038:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
c049060c-5ea3-448a-b9a2-9358c1669def

IMA Classification of CarraraiteHide

Classification of CarraraiteHide

7.DG.15

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
32.4.4.6

32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
CraIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of CarraraiteHide

Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
White
Streak:
White
Cleavage:
None Observed

Optical Data of CarraraiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.479(1) nε = 1.509(1)
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.030
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate

Chemistry of CarraraiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O

Crystallography of CarraraiteHide

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.056 Å, b = 3 Å, c = 10.629(6) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.685 : 1 : 3.543
Unit Cell V:
1,125.17 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Hexagonal crystals, prismatic {100}, tabular {001}.
Comment:
Space group P63 or P63/m

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0002736CarraraiteMerlino S, Orlandi P (2001) Carraraite and zaccagnaite, two new minerals from the Carrara marble quarries: their chemical compositions, physical properties and structural features American Mineralogist 86 1293-130120010293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
9.57 Å(very strong)
5.53 Å(strong)
3.83 Å(strong)
3.56 Å(moderately strong)
2.74 Å(moderately strong)
3.44 Å(moderate)
2.53 Å(moderate)
Comments:
Gioia quarry, Italy. Data from the type description. Pattern is similar to thaumasite.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Type Occurrence of CarraraiteHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, University of Pisa, Via Roma 103, I-56011 Calci(PI), Italy.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Marble altered by aluminium rich hydrothermal solutions acting on sulfides.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Merlino S, Orlandi P (2001) Carraraite and zaccagnaite, two new minerals from the Carrara marble quarries: their chemical compositions, physical properties, and structural features. American Mineralogist 86, 1293-1301

Synonyms of CarraraiteHide

Other Language Names for CarraraiteHide

Relationship of Carraraite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
BentoriteCa6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
BuryatiteCa3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
CharlesiteCa6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
ChiyokoiteCa3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
HielscheriteCa3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2OHex. 6 : P63
ImayoshiiteCa3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
JouravskiteCa3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
KottenheimiteCa 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O Hex. 6/m : P63/m
Micheelsenite(Ca2Y)Al(PO3OH)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
SiwaqaiteCa6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
SturmaniteCa6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
TatarinoviteCa3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
UM2008-07-CO:AlBCaHSSiCa6(Al,Si)2(CO3,SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O
Unnamed (possible Mn(IV) analogue of Sturmanite)Ca6Mn4+2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)10O2 · nH2O

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Carraraite associated with ConichalciteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

7.DG.MathesiusiteK5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
7.DG.05DarapskiteNa3(SO4)(NO3) · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.DG.10Clinoungemachite(Na, K, Fe, SO4)Mon. 2/m
7.DG.10HumberstoniteNa7K3Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.DG.10UngemachiteK3Na8Fe(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.DG.15BentoriteCa6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15CharlesiteCa6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15JouravskiteCa3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.15SturmaniteCa6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.15BuryatiteCa3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15BiruniteCa18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5SO4 · 15H2O(?)
7.DG.15HielscheriteCa3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.15KottenheimiteCa 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O Hex. 6/m : P63/m
7.DG.15ImayoshiiteCa3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.15TatarinoviteCa3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.15SiwaqaiteCa6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15ChiyokoiteCa3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.20RapidcreekiteCa2(SO4)(CO3) · 4H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
7.DG.25TatarskiteCa6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2OOrth.
7.DG.30NakauriiteCu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 · 48H2OOrth.
7.DG.35Chessexite(Na,K)4Ca2(Mg,Zn)3Al8(SO4)10(SiO4)2 · 40H2OOrth.
7.DG.40CarlosruiziteK6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3c1
7.DG.40FuenzalidaiteK6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3c1
7.DG.45Chelyabinskite(Ca,Mg)3(SO4,CO3)2[Si(OH)6] · 9H2O (?)Orth.
7.DG.55Ramazzoite[Mg8Cu12(PO4)(CO3)4(OH)24(H2O)20][(H0.33SO4)3(H2O)36]Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
7.DG.60WitzkeiteNa4K4Ca(NO3)2(SO4)4 · 2H2O Mon. 2/m : B2/b

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CarraraiteHide

References for CarraraiteHide

Localities for CarraraiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada
 
  • Nova Scotia
    • Cumberland Co.
RRUFF database D. Doell
Italy
 
  • Tuscany
    • Massa-Carrara Province
Orlandi et al. (2009)
        • Colonnata quarrying basin
          • Colonnata
Orlandi (2004) +2 other references
      • Massa
        • Casette
Merlino et al. (2001) +2 other references
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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