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Akhtenskite

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Akhtenskite, etc.

Akhtenskoe Fe deposit, Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Akhtenskite

Akhtenskoe Fe deposit, Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Akhtenskite

Akhtenskoe Fe deposit, Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Akhtenskite, etc.

Akhtenskoe Fe deposit, Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Akhtenskite

Akhtenskoe Fe deposit, Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Akhtenskite

Akhtenskoe Fe deposit, Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Akhtenskite, etc.

Akhtenskoe Fe deposit, Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Akhtenskite

Akhtenskoe Fe deposit, Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

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About AkhtenskiteHide

View of the Akhtenskoe iron mining area, in 1904.

Akhtenskoe Fe deposit, Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Formula:

ε-Mn⁴⁺O₂

Colour:

Light grey to black

Specific Gravity:

4.78 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Member of:

Ramsdellite Group

Name:

Named after its discovery locality in Russia.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Akhtenskoe Fe deposit (Akhtenskoye), Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Polymorph of:

Pyrolusite, Ramsdellite

Synthetic akhtenskite coupled with goethite may be used in arsenic removal (Shih et al., 2015).

Classification of AkhtenskiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval year:

1982

Strunz 8th ed.:

4/D.10-15

Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:

4.DB.15b

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra

Dana 8th ed.:

4.4.10.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX₂

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.18.5

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn

Physical Properties of AkhtenskiteHide

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Light grey to black

Streak:

black

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
on {001}

Density:

4.78 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of AkhtenskiteHide

Type:

Uniaxial

Chemical Properties of AkhtenskiteHide

Formula:

ε-Mn⁴⁺O₂

IMA Formula:

MnO₂

Elements listed:

Mn, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of AkhtenskiteHide

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Class (H-M):

6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal

Space Group:

P6₃/mmc

Cell Parameters:

a = 2.84 Å, c = 4.6 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.62

Unit Cell V:

32.13 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

as microscopic crystals, flaky to platy on {001}, in parallel aggregates, sometimes in rows at 120°, probably due to replacement of an earlier hexagonal mineral;
as flaky polycrystalline aggregates

Comment:

Handbook of Mineralogy gives range: a = 2.83–2.85, c = 4.47–4.88 Å.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0017794	Akhtenskite	Kondrashev Y D, Zaslavskii A I (1951) The structure of the modifications of manganese oxide Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR 15 179-186		1951		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Akhtenskite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Kondrashev Y D'
'Zaslavskii A I'
_journal_name_full 'Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR'
_journal_volume 15 
_journal_year 1951
_journal_page_first 179
_journal_page_last 186
_publ_section_title
;
 The structure of the modifications of manganese oxide
;
_database_code_amcsd 0017794
_chemical_formula_sum 'Mn.5 O'
_cell_length_a 2.786
_cell_length_b 2.786
_cell_length_c 4.412
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 29.657
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.868
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 63 m c'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-x+y,1/2+z'
  'x-y,x,1/2+z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  'x-y,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,1/2+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  'y,x,1/2+z'
  'y,-x+y,1/2+z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
Mn   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000
O   0.33333   0.66667   0.25000   1.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
1.42 Å	(
1.65 Å	(
2.15 Å	(
2.45 Å	(

Comments:

Material from Mount Zarod, Russia; XRD pattern calculated from an electron diffraction pattern

Type Occurrence of AkhtenskiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Akhtenskoe Fe deposit (Akhtenskoye), Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Mining Institute, St Petersburg, Russia

Geological Setting of Type Material:

in "psilomelane" with other manganese oxides in an iron oxide deposit, probably bacterially altered from a previous mineral

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of AkhtenskiteHide

IMA1982-072

Manganese Oxides (in part)

Other Language Names for AkhtenskiteHide

German:Akhtenskit

Russian:Ахтенскит

Spanish:Akhtenskita

Relationship of Akhtenskite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Ramsdellite Group

Other Members of this group:

Nsutite	(Mn⁴⁺,Mn²⁺)(O,OH)₂	Hex.
Paramontroseite	V⁴⁺O₂	Orth.
Ramsdellite	Mn⁴⁺O₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

2 photos of Akhtenskite associated with Cryptomelane	K(Mn⁴⁺₇Mn³⁺)O₁₆
2 photos of Akhtenskite associated with Nsutite	(Mn⁴⁺,Mn²⁺)(O,OH)₂

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping Hide

4.DB.05	Argutite	GeO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.05	Cassiterite	SnO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.05	Plattnerite	PbO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.05	Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.05	Rutile	TiO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.05	Tripuhyite	Fe³⁺Sb⁵⁺O₄	Tet.
4.DB.05	Tugarinovite	MoO₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.DB.05	Varlamoffite	(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)₂
4.DB.10	Byströmite	MgSb₂O₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
4.DB.10	Tapiolite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.10	Tapiolite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.10	Ordoñezite	ZnSb₂O₆	Tet.
4.DB.15c	Nsutite	(Mn⁴⁺,Mn²⁺)(O,OH)₂	Hex.
4.DB.15a	Paramontroseite	V⁴⁺O₂	Orth.
4.DB.15a	Ramsdellite	Mn⁴⁺O₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.20	Scrutinyite	α-PbO₂	Orth.
4.DB.25	Ishikawaite	U⁴⁺Fe²⁺Nb₂O₈	Mon.
4.DB.25	Ixiolite	(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)₄O₈	Orth.
4.DB.25	Samarskite-(Y)	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.25	Srilankite	ZrTi₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.25	Yttrocolumbite-(Y)	Y(U⁴⁺,Fe²⁺)Nb₂O₈
4.DB.25	Calciosamarskite	(Ca,Fe³⁺,Y)₂(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₈	Mon.
4.DB.25	Samarskite-(Yb)	(Yb,Y,U,Th,Ca,Fe)(Nb,Ta)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30	Ferberite	FeWO₄	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30	Hübnerite	MnWO₄	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30	Sanmartinite	(Zn,Fe)WO₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.DB.30	Krasnoselskite	CoWO₄	Mon.
4.DB.30	Heftetjernite	ScTaO₄	Mon. 2/m
4.DB.30	Huanzalaite	MgWO₄	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.35	Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35	Tantalite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35	Columbite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35	Tantalite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35	Columbite-(Mg)	(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)₂O₆	Orth.
4.DB.35	Qitianlingite	(Fe,Mn)₂(Nb,Ta)₂WO₁₀	Orth.
4.DB.35	Magnocolumbite	(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)₂O₆
4.DB.35	Tantalite-(Mg)	(Mg,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.40	Ferrowodginite	Fe²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈	Mon.
4.DB.40	Lithiotantite	LiTa₃O₈	Mon.
4.DB.40	Lithiowodginite	LiTa₃O₈	Mon.
4.DB.40	Titanowodginite	Mn²⁺TiTa₂O₈	Mon.
4.DB.40	Wodginite	Mn²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈	Mon.
4.DB.40	Ferrotitanowodginite	Fe²⁺TiTa₂O₈	Mon.
4.DB.40	Wolframowodginite	Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)₂O₈
4.DB.45	Tivanite	V³⁺TiO₃(OH)	Mon.
4.DB.50	Carmichaelite	(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O_2-x(OH)_x]	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.DB.55	Alumotantite	AlTaO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.60	Biehlite	((Sb,As)O)₂[MoO₄]	Mon.

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping Hide

7.18.1	Manganosite	MnO	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
7.18.2	Hausmannite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
7.18.3	Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
7.18.4	Ramsdellite	Mn⁴⁺O₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
7.18.6	Feitknechtite	Mn³⁺O(OH)	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
7.18.7	Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.18.8	Groutite	Mn³⁺O(OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.18.9	Nsutite	(Mn⁴⁺,Mn²⁺)(O,OH)₂	Hex.
7.18.10	Pyrochroite	Mn(OH)₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m)
7.18.11	Birnessite	(Na,Ca)_0.5(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₂O₄ · 1.5H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
7.18.12	Aurorite	Mn²⁺Mn⁴⁺₃O₇ · 3H₂O	Trig. 3 : R3
7.18.13	Cianciulliite	Mn(Mg,Mn)₂Zn₂(OH)₁₀ · 2-4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for AkhtenskiteHide

Reference List:

Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)

Chukhrov, F.V., Gorshkov, A.I., Drits, V.S. (1987) Advances in the crystal chemistry of manganese oxides. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 16: 210-221. [in Russian]

Chukhrov, F.V., Gorshkov, A.I., Drits, V.S. (1987) Advances in the crystal chemistry of manganese oxides. International Geology Review: 29: 435-444.

Chukhrov, F.V., Gorshkov, A.I., Sivtsov, A.V., Berezovskaya, V.V., Dikov, Y.P., Dubinina, G.A., Varinov, N.N. (1989) Akhtenskite - the natural analog of ε-MnO2. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol.: 9: 75-80. [in Russian]

Chukhrov, F.V., Gorshkov, A.I., Sivtsov, A.V., Berezovskaya, V.V., Dikov, Y.P., Dubinina, G.A., Varinov, N.N. (1989) Akhtenskite - the natural analog of ε-MnO2. International Geology Review: 31: 1068-1072.

Jambor, J.L., Grew, E.S. (1990) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 75: 931. [Chukhrov et al. abstract]

Anthony, J.W. et al. (1997) Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 9.

Shih, Y.-J., Huang, R.-L. and Huang, Y.H. (2015): Adsorptive removal of arsenic using a novel akhtenskite coated wastegoethite. Journal of Cleaner Production: 87: 897-905

Internet Links for AkhtenskiteHide

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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Localities for AkhtenskiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Hungary
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Miskolc District Répáshuta ⓘ Vasbánya Hill	Németh et al (2014)

Japan
Tochigi Prefecture Kanuma City ⓘ Kaso Mine	Akira Kato (undated manuscript): Country rock and Minerals of the Kaso mine, Kanuma City, Tochigi Prefecture. (in japanese)

Romania
Suceava Suceava district Ciocănești commune Ciocănești ⓘ Oița Mn deposit ?	Udubașa, G., Ďud'a, R., Szakáll, S., Kvasnytsya, V., Koszowska, E., Novák, M. (2002): Minerals of the Carpathians (Szakáll, S., ed.). Granit, Prague, Czech Rep., 482 pp. Munteanu, M. (1993): A new occurrence of helvite in Romania–Oita, Bistritei Mountains (East Carpathians). Romanian Journal of Mineralogy 76, 127– 128 (Bucharest).
Iacobeni ⓘ Arșița mine	http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
Tolovanu ⓘ Tolovanu (Tolovan) Mn deposit	Udubașa, G., Ďud'a, R., Szakáll, S., Kvasnytsya, V., Koszowska, E., Novák, M. (2002): Minerals of the Carpathians (Szakáll, S., ed.). Granit, Prague, Czech Rep., 482 pp. Hîrtopanu, P. (1997): Tolovanu manganese mine. In: Nedelcu, L., Moga, C., Podasca, I., Hirtopanu, P. (Eds.), Crystalline zone of the East Carpathians (Northern Bistrița Mts.): Structure, lithostratigraphy, metamorphism and metallogeny. Valea Putnei-Valea Bistriței. Romanian Journal of Mineralogy: 78 (Suppl. 2): 25-34

Russia (TL)
Chelyabinsk Oblast Kusinsky District Magnitka ⓘ Akhtenskoe Fe deposit (Akhtenskoye) (TL)	[Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
Primorsky Krai ⓘ Zarod Mt	J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)

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Akhtenskite

About AkhtenskiteHide

Classification of AkhtenskiteHide

Physical Properties of AkhtenskiteHide

Optical Data of AkhtenskiteHide

Chemical Properties of AkhtenskiteHide

Crystallography of AkhtenskiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Type Occurrence of AkhtenskiteHide

Synonyms of AkhtenskiteHide

Other Language Names for AkhtenskiteHide

Relationship of Akhtenskite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

References for AkhtenskiteHide

Internet Links for AkhtenskiteHide

Localities for AkhtenskiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping Hide

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping Hide