Brunogeierite
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About Brunogeierite
Formula:
Ge4+Fe2+2O4
Some solid solution towards magnetite: Fe2+Ge4+ = 2Fe3+.
Colour:
Grey-black
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
5.51 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named after Dr. Bruno H. Geier (1902-1987), former Chief Mineralogist, Tsumeb Corporation.
Classification of Brunogeierite
Approved
Approval Year:
1972
9.AC.15
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
51.3.3.2
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
7.11.15
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
Physical Properties of Brunogeierite
Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Grey-black
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Density:
5.51 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Brunogeierite
Type:
Isotropic
Reflectivity:
| 400 nm | R=15.5% |
| 420 nm | R=15.0% |
| 440 nm | R=14.5% |
| 460 nm | R=14.1% |
| 480 nm | R=13.8% |
| 500nm | R=13.6% |
| 520 nm | R=13.4% |
| 540 nm | R=13.3% |
| 560 nm | R=13.2% |
| 580 nm | R=13.1% |
| 600 nm | R=13.0% |
| 620 nm | R=13.0% |
| 640 nm | R=12.9% |
| 660 nm | R=12.8% |
| 680 nm | R=12.8% |
| 700 nm | R=12.8% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 15.5%.
Colour in reflected light:
Grey
Internal Reflections:
Brown
Chemical Properties of Brunogeierite
Formula:
Ge4+Fe2+2O4
Some solid solution towards magnetite: Fe2+Ge4+ = 2Fe3+.
Some solid solution towards magnetite: Fe2+Ge4+ = 2Fe3+.
IMA Formula:
Fe2+2Ge4+O4
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Brunogeierite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.409 - 8.416 Å
Unit Cell V:
594.61 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Crystals rare. Usually as crusts or rims on tennantite (Tsumeb) or inclusions in sphalerite or magnetite (France).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.540 | (10) |
| 1.484 | (9) |
| 1.615 | (7) |
| 2.972 | (6) |
| 1.095 | (6) |
| 1.720 | (4) |
| 1.283 | (3) |
Type Occurrence of Brunogeierite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Lower oxidation zone of dolostone-hosted hydrothermal polymetallic ore deposit at 930 m depth, formed by alteration of Ge-rich sulfides.
Synonyms of Brunogeierite
Other Language Names for Brunogeierite
Relationship of Brunogeierite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Ahrensite | SiFe2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
| Filipstadite | (Sb0.5Fe0.5)Mn2O4 | Iso. |
| Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 | |
| Ringwoodite | (Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
| Ulvöspinel | TiFe2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| Schneiderhöhnite | 1 photo of Brunogeierite associated with Schneiderhöhnite on mindat.org. |
| Argutite | 1 photo of Brunogeierite associated with Argutite on mindat.org. |
| Sphalerite | 1 photo of Brunogeierite associated with Sphalerite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 9.AC. | Ahrensite | SiFe2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
| 9.AC.05 | Fayalite | Fe2+2SiO4 | Orth. |
| 9.AC.05 | Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.AC.05 | Glaucochroite | CaMn2+SiO4 | Orth. |
| 9.AC.05 | Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| 9.AC.05 | Laihunite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SiO4)2 | Mon. |
| 9.AC.05 | Liebenbergite | (Ni,Mg)2SiO4 | Orth. |
| 9.AC.05 | Tephroite | Mn2+2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.AC.10 | Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 | Orth. |
| 9.AC.15 | Ringwoodite | (Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
| 9.AC.20 | Chesnokovite | Na2[SiO2(OH)2] · 8H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Ibca |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
| 51.3.3.1 | Ringwoodite | (Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 7.11.1 | Romarchite | SnO | Tet. |
| 7.11.2 | Cassiterite | SnO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| 7.11.4 | Schoenfliesite | Mg[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pn3 |
| 7.11.5 | Burtite | Ca[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. |
| 7.11.6 | Vismirnovite | Zn[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. |
| 7.11.7 | Wickmanite | Mn2+[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pn3 |
| 7.11.8 | Tetrawickmanite | Mn2+[Sn4+(OH)6] | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
| 7.11.9 | Jeanbandyite | Fe3+xFe2+1-xSn(OH)6-xOx (1 ≥ x > 0.5) | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
| 7.11.10 | Natanite | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pn3m |
| 7.11.11 | Mushistonite | (Cu,Zn,Fe2+)[Sn(OH)6] | |
| 7.11.12 | Ferronigerite-2N1S | (Al,Fe,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
| 7.11.13 | Magnesionigerite | Trig. | |
| 7.11.14 | Argutite | GeO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| 7.11.16 | Stottite | Fe2+[Ge4+(OH)6] | Tet. |
| 7.11.17 | Carboirite | FeAl2(GeO4)O(OH)2 | Tric. |
| 7.11.18 | Otjisumeite | PbGe4O9 | Tric. |
| 7.11.19 | Bartelkeite | Pb(Fe2+Ge)[Ge2O7](OH)2 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| 7.11.20 | Massicot | PbO | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmmm |
| 7.11.21 | Litharge | PbO | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| 7.11.22 | Minium | Pb3O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mbc |
| 7.11.23 | Plattnerite | PbO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 7.11.24 | Scrutinyite | α-PbO2 | Orth. |
| 7.11.25 | Murdochite | PbCu6O8-x(Cl,Br)2x where x<=0.5 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 7.11.26 | Macedonite | PbTiO3 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| 7.11.27 | Cesàrolite | Pb(Mn4+)3O6(OH)2 | |
| 7.11.28 | Coronadite | Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
| 7.11.29 | Quenselite | PbMnO2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| 7.11.30 | Plumboferrite | Pb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19 | Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2 |
| 7.11.31 | Magnetoplumbite | (Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19 | Hex. |
| 7.11.32 | Senaite | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 | Trig. |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Ferromagnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Brunogeierite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
American Mineralogist: 58: 348.
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1972): 263-267.
Cempírek, J. & Groat, L. A. (2013): Note on the formula of brunogeierite and the first bond-valence parameters for Ge2+. Journal of Geosciences, 58, 71-74. http://www.jgeosci.org/content/jgeosci.130_cempirek.pdf
Biagioni, C. & Pasero, M. (2014): The systematics of the spinel-type minerals: an overview. American Mineralogist, 99: 1254-1264.
Internet Links for Brunogeierite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-792.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Brunogeierite
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
France | |
| Lips, ALW (2006) A review of non-ferrous mineral deposits in Europe - Finalised initial database BRGM/RP -54957 - FR |
| F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147 |
| F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147 |
| F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147 |
| F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147 | |
| F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147 |
| F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147 | |
| F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147 | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy | |
| F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147 |
| F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147 |
Namibia (TL) | |
| NJMM (1972), 263 |
Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia