Carbonatecyanotrichite
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About Carbonatecyanotrichite
Formula:
Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
Colour:
Pale blue
Lustre:
Silky
Hardness:
2
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cyanotrichite Group.
A mineral closely related to Cyanotrichite, but often misidentified (old published X-ray powder diffraction data of both species are unreliable; much improved data were recently given by Hager et al. (2009)).
Although the mineral shows a close relation to cyanotrichite, it is even more closely related to camerolaite.
PXRD and chemical analysis are necessary for a correct identification.
Previously, it was thought that quantitative measurements of the carbonate contents were needed for a correct identification, and that qualitative tests were not conclusive, because cyanotrichite can apparently contain small amounts of carbonate. However, Hager et al. (2009) suggest that there is no evidence for solid solution between cyanotrichite and carbonatecyanotrichite; it is also evident that some carbonatecyanotrichite specimens contain no sulfate. This explains previous contradictory results from PXRD and chemical studies of given samples.
The nomenclature situation is still complicated because the crystal structures of neither mineral is presently known.
Visually similar to Khaidarkanite.
A mineral closely related to Cyanotrichite, but often misidentified (old published X-ray powder diffraction data of both species are unreliable; much improved data were recently given by Hager et al. (2009)).
Although the mineral shows a close relation to cyanotrichite, it is even more closely related to camerolaite.
PXRD and chemical analysis are necessary for a correct identification.
Previously, it was thought that quantitative measurements of the carbonate contents were needed for a correct identification, and that qualitative tests were not conclusive, because cyanotrichite can apparently contain small amounts of carbonate. However, Hager et al. (2009) suggest that there is no evidence for solid solution between cyanotrichite and carbonatecyanotrichite; it is also evident that some carbonatecyanotrichite specimens contain no sulfate. This explains previous contradictory results from PXRD and chemical studies of given samples.
The nomenclature situation is still complicated because the crystal structures of neither mineral is presently known.
Visually similar to Khaidarkanite.
Classification of Carbonatecyanotrichite
Approved
6/D.08-30
7.D0.
7.DE.10
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations; unclassified
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations; unclassified
16b.7.7.1
16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : Miscellaneous
16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : Miscellaneous
12.2.7
12 : Carbonates with other anions
2 : Carbonates with sulphate
12 : Carbonates with other anions
2 : Carbonates with sulphate
Pronounciation of Carbonatecyanotrichite
Pronounciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Carbonatecyanotrichite
Optical Data of Carbonatecyanotrichite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.616 nβ = 1.630 nγ = 1.677
2V:
Measured: 55° to 60°, Calculated: 60°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.061
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
strong
Chemical Properties of Carbonatecyanotrichite
Formula:
Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
IMA Formula:
Cu4Al2(CO3)(OH)12 · 2H2O
Crystallography of Carbonatecyanotrichite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 10.13 | (93) |
| 5.03 | (60) |
| 4.21 | (100) |
| 3.33 | (58) |
| 2.77 | (45) |
| 2.51 | (52) |
| 2.01 | (53) |
Comments:
For type material
Type Occurrence of Carbonatecyanotrichite
Synonyms of Carbonatecyanotrichite
Other Language Names for Carbonatecyanotrichite
Relationship of Carbonatecyanotrichite to other Species
Structurally related to group(s):
| Cyanotrichite Group | A group of closely related, monoclinic Cu-Al-sulphates. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| Fluorite | 16 photos of Carbonatecyanotrichite associated with Fluorite on mindat.org. |
| Malachite | 13 photos of Carbonatecyanotrichite associated with Malachite on mindat.org. |
| Antlerite | 11 photos of Carbonatecyanotrichite associated with Antlerite on mindat.org. |
| Brochantite | 11 photos of Carbonatecyanotrichite associated with Brochantite on mindat.org. |
| Baryte | 7 photos of Carbonatecyanotrichite associated with Baryte on mindat.org. |
| Gypsum | 6 photos of Carbonatecyanotrichite associated with Gypsum on mindat.org. |
| Quartz | 4 photos of Carbonatecyanotrichite associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
| Cuprite | 4 photos of Carbonatecyanotrichite associated with Cuprite on mindat.org. |
| Creedite | 4 photos of Carbonatecyanotrichite associated with Creedite on mindat.org. |
| Serpierite | 4 photos of Carbonatecyanotrichite associated with Serpierite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 7.DE.05 | Mangazeite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 3H2O | Tric. |
| 7.DE.10 | Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O | Orth. |
| 7.DE.10 | UKI-1975-(SO:AlCu) | (Cu, Al, SO4, H2O) | |
| 7.DE.15 | Schwertmannite | Fe3+16(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O | Tet. |
| 7.DE.20 | Tlalocite | Cu10Zn6(Te6+O4)2(Te4+O3)(OH)25Cl · 27H2O | Orth. |
| 7.DE.25 | Utahite | Cu5Zn3(TeO4)4(OH)8 · 7H2O | Tric. |
| 7.DE.35 | Coquandite | Sb6+xO8+x(SO4)(OH)x(H2O)1- x (x = 0.3) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 7.DE.40 | Osakaite | Zn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 7.DE.45 | Wilcoxite | MgAl(SO4)2F · 17H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 7.DE.50 | Stanleyite | (V4+O)(SO4) · 6H2O | Orth. |
| 7.DE.55 | Mcalpineite | Cu3(Te6+O6) | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3 |
| 7.DE.60 | Hydrobasaluminite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 12-36H2O | Mon. |
| 7.DE.62 | Volaschioite | Fe4(SO4)O2(OH)6 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 7.DE.65 | Zaherite | Al12(SO4)5(OH)26 · 20H2O | Tric. |
| 7.DE.70 | Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 7.DE.75 | Camérolaite | Cu6Al3(OH)18(H2O)2[Sb(OH)6](SO4) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 12.2.1 | Burkeite | Na6(CO3)(SO4)2 | Orth. |
| 12.2.2 | Hanksite | Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| 12.2.3 | Tychite | Na6Mg2(CO3)4(SO4) | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Fd3 |
| 12.2.4 | Motukoreaite | Mg6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| 12.2.5 | Ferrotychite | Na6(Fe,Mn,Mg)2(CO3)4(SO4) | |
| 12.2.6 | Nakauriite | Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 · 48H2O | Orth. |
| 12.2.8 | Rapidcreekite | Ca2(SO4)(CO3) · 4H2O | Orth. |
| 12.2.9 | Tatarskite | Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O | Orth. |
| 12.2.10 | Schulenbergite | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O | Trig. |
| 12.2.11 | Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 12.2.12 | Macphersonite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 12.2.13 | Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| 12.2.14 | Wherryite | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 12.2.15 | Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
| 12.2.16 | Nasledovite | PbMn3Al4(CO3)4(SO4)O5 · 5H2O | |
| 12.2.17 | Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. |
| 12.2.18 | Schröckingerite | NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 12.2.19 | Manganotychite | Na6Mn2(CO3)4(SO4) | |
| 12.2.20 | Hauckite | Fe3+3(Mg,Mn2+)24Zn18(SO4)4(CO3)2(OH)81 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm |
| 12.2.21 | Paraotwayite | Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x | Mon. |
| 12.2.22 | Carrboydite | (Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2O | Hex. |
| 12.2.23 | Mountkeithite | [(Mg1-xFe3+x)(OH)2][SO4]x/2 · nH2O | Hex. |
| 12.2.24 | Camérolaite | Cu6Al3(OH)18(H2O)2[Sb(OH)6](SO4) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Carbonatecyanotrichite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
ANKINOVICH, E. A., GEKHT, I. I. & ZAITSEVA, R. I. (1963): A new variety of cyanotrichite - carbonate-cyanotrichite. Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshch. 92, 458-463.
American Mineralogist: 49: 441.
Gröbner, J. (1997): Mineralien der Cyanotrichit-Gruppe aus Fundorten in Österreich. - Mineralien-Welt 8 (3), 27-30. (in German)
Hager, S. L., Leverett, P. & Williams, P. A. (2009): Possible structural and chemical relationships in the cyanotrichite group. Canadian Mineralogist 47, 635-648.
Mills, S.J., Christy, A.G., Schnyder, C., Favreau, G., Price, J.R. (2015): The crystal structure of camerolaite and structural variation in the cyanotrichite family of merotypes. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1527–1552.
Internet Links for Carbonatecyanotrichite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-894.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Specimens:
The following Carbonatecyanotrichite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
Localities for Carbonatecyanotrichite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Marquez-Zavalia, M. F. & Pedregosa, J. C. (1994): Cianotriquita y carbonatocianotriquita de mina Capillitas, Catamarca [Cyanotrichite and carbonato-cyanotrichite from the Capillitas Mine, Catamarca]. Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina. 49, 353-358. (in Spanish with English summary); Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina) |
Austria | |
| G. Blass, A. Pichler: Carinthia II 191./111.: 43-55 (2001) |
| Mikl, A. and Kolitsch, U. (2014): Ein interessanter alpiner Kupfererzgang im Kleinelendtal und seine Mineralien. Mineralienwelt 25 (4), 28-33 (in German). |
| Bergbau in Westkärnten |
| G.Indra (2012) |
| Blaß, G. (1999): 1164. Cyanotrichit vom Bergbau Scharnik, Kärnten. P. 211-212 in NIEDERMAYR, G., G. BLASS, H.-P. BOJAR, F. BRANDSTÄTTER, Ch.E. HOLLERER, B. MOSER, W. POSTL & J. TAUCHER (1999): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich XLVIII. Carinthia II, 189./109.: 201-236. |
| Schnorrer, G. & Bacher, F. (2000): Die Mineralien von der Sonnblick- Nordwand, Rauris, Salzburg / Österreich - insbesondere der erste Khaidarkanit- Fund in Österreich. Mineralien-Welt, 11 (5), 52-57. |
| Kolitsch, U. (2014): 1874) Brochantit, Carbonatcyanotrichit und Chalkoalumit aus dem Krumlbachtal, Raurisertal, Salzburg. P. 111 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2014): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXIII. Carinthia II, 204./124., 65-146. | |
| Brandstätter, F., Niedermayr, G. & Walter, F. (2010): 1641) Neue Funde von Brochantit, Chalkopyrit, Cyanotrichit und Malachit sowie anderer Mineralien aus dem Bereich Totenkopf – Hohe Riffl im Stubachtal, Salzburg. Pp. 229 in Niedermayr et al. (2010): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LIX. Carinthia II, 200./120., 199-260.; Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Niedermayr, G. & Walter, F. (2012): 1749) Carbonatcyanotrichit („Cyanotrichit“) und Djurleit aus dem Bereich des Totenkopfes im Stubachtal, Salzburg. P. 153 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2012): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXI. Carinthia II, 202./122., 123-180. |
| U. Kolitsch, H. Putz, R. Poeverlein und F. Brandstätter (2012): Die Mineralien des bronzezeitlichen Bergbaus auf der Viertalalm oberhalb Uttendorf, im Salzburger Pinzgau. Aufschluss 63, 329-335 (in German). |
| Postl, W., Bojar, H., Moser, B. (2003): 1340: Chalkopyrit, Pyrit, Malachit, Azurit, Carbonat-Cyanotrichit sowie Epidot von einem historischen Kupferschurf im Ortsteil Schinitz, Kapfenberg. In: Niedermayr, G. et al. (2003): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LII. Carinthia II, 193/113, 208-209; |
| Kolitsch, U. (2010): 1664) Azurit, Brochantit, Carbonatcyanotrichit, Cyanotrichit, Jarosit, Ludjibait, Malachit, Pseudomalachit und weitere Mineralien vom Quarzitsteinbruch bei Falkenstein, Fischbach, Fischbacher Alpen, Steiermark. Pp. 248-250 in Niedermayr et al. (2010): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LIX. Carinthia II, 200./120., 199-260. |
| Gröbner, J. (1997): Mineralien der Cyanotrichit-Gruppe aus Fundorten in Österreich. Mineralien-Welt 8 (3), 27-30. |
| Kolitsch, U., Postl, W., Brandstätter, F., Bernhard, F., Leikauf, B. & Auer, Ch. (2011): 1713) Beaverit-(Cu), Brochantit, Carbonat-Cyanotrichit, Chalkoalumit und Schwefel aus dem Kupfer-Vorkommen der Wolfsgruben bei Seiz, Liesing-Paltental, Steiermark. Pp. 179-181 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2011): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LX. Carinthia II, 201./121., 135-186. |
| Auer & Postl (2016) |
| Kolitsch, U. (2014): 1864) Brochantit, Carbonatcyanotrichit, Chalkoalumit, Cuprit, Gips, Metazeunerit, Posnjakit und Woodwardit von der Kupferplatte bei Jochberg, Kitzbühl, Tirol. Pp. 103-104 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2014): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXIII. Carinthia II, 204./124., 65-146. |
| Gröbner, J. & Kolitsch, U. (2012): 1741) Brochantit, Chalkoalumit, Carbonatcyanotrichit, Langit, Posnjakit und weitere Mineralien aus einem alten Kupferschurf beim Krummen See bei St. Leonhard im Pitztal, Tirol. Pp. 147-148 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2012): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXI. Carinthia II, 202./122., 123-180. |
Canada | |
| INGELSON, A. (1984) Mineral occurrences in Western Canada. Mineralogical Record 15, 89-94. |
| Sabina, A.P. (1972) Rocks & minerals for the collector: La Ronge - Creighton, Saskatchewan, Flin Flon, Thompson, Manitoba. GSC paper 71-27, 65. |
Chile | |
| M. Dini & A.Molina Collections - analysed with quantitative and semi quantitative methods by Dr. Jochen Schluter (curator of Hamburg Mineral Museum) |
China | |
| Niedermayr, G. (2004): Ein bemerkenswerter Neufund von Carbonat-Cyanotrichit aus China. Mineralien-Welt 15 (5), 58-60. (in German); Ottens, B. (2006): Lapis 31 (2), 23-34; Ottens, B. (2007): Mineralogical Record 38(1), 3-17. |
France | |
| Mines, mineurs et minéralogie du Silberthal, tomes 1 et 2 |
| Le Règne Minéral, Hors série (3), 36-54 |
| P.G. Pélisson (pelisson@inist.fr) : Unpublished data; Patrice Queneau Collection |
| desescaut.jy@voila.fr |
| Queneau Patrice collection |
| No reference listed |
Germany | |
| Walenta, K. (1995): Camerolait aus dem Schwarzwald. Aufschluss 46, 210-214. (p. 214: "most probably carbonate-cyanotrichite") |
| WALENTA, K. (1995): Neue Mineralfunde von der Grube Clara. 6. Folge, 1. Teil. - Lapis 20 (5), 33-38. |
| Henrich, J. M. (1998): Die Königin der Eisensteingruben. Die Grube Eisenzecher Zug bei Eiserfeld im Siegerland – ein Fundort begehrter Mineralien. Mineralien-Welt 9 (5), 16-35. |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Blaß, G. & Kruijen, F. (2014): Die Neuigkeiten aus der Vulkaneifel (2/14). Mineralien-Welt 25 (5), 62-75 (in German). |
| T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001(12), 13-27 |
Greece | |
| Schnorrer, G. & Breitenbach, H. (1999): Neue Minerale von den alten Lagerstätten Lavrions/Griechenland. Aufschluss 50, 207-209. |
| No reference listed |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001 |
Italy | |
| Matteo Chinelatto |
| Camarda, S., Muzio, C., Passarino, G. & Sanguineti, G. (2013). Reppia, Ne, Val Graveglia, Genova. Minerali secondari di un giacimento ferroso cuprifero. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2013, 176-185. | |
| Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1991): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1990. Sagep, Ed., Genova |
| Giuseppe Pipino (1980) - La miniera di rame di Voltaggio (Alessandria) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, - fasc.4, 1980; Piccoli, G. C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., & Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo F. Eusebio - Alba, 607 pag. |
| Bruno Martini collection |
| Lapis, 20 (7/8), 41-64+76. |
| Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi, G. (1993) Sarrabus. Miniere e Minerali. Associazione Mineralogica Sarda, Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, Associazione Piemontese Mineralogia Paleontologia e Mostra Torinese Minerali, Centro Mineralogico Varesino, Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini, Gruppo Mineralogico Paleontologico Piacentino, et al., Stige Milano Srl, Milano, 208 pp. |
| Stara P., Rizzo R. and Tanca G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e mnerali. Vol. I, EMSa (Ente Minerale Sardo), pagg.238. |
| Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente - Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 1, 238 pp. |
| Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 1, 238 pp. | |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" + microchemical analysis |
| Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Sabelli, C., Ibba, A. (1999): I minerali di Funtana Raminosa. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/1999, 10-27. |
| Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G. A. (1996): Iglesiente – Arburese, Miniere e Minerali. Associazioni e Gruppi Mineralogici Italiani Ed., 238 pp. |
| Gramaccioli, C. M., Campostrini, I. & Stara, P. (1997): Die Baccu Locci Mine (Villaputzu, Cagliari) auf Sardinien. Lapis 22 (9), 13-26; 58.; Campostrini, I., Gramaccioli, C. M. and Demartin, F. (1999): Orlandiite, Pb3Cl4(SeO3)3•H2O, a new mineral species, and an associated lead-copper selenite chloride from the Baccu Locci mine, Sardinia, Italy. Can. Mineral. 37, 1493-1498 |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" + microchemical analysis |
| EDX analysis by Italo Campostrini |
| Sabelli C., Olmi F., Brizzi G., Meli R., 1996. Serrabottini (GR): recenti ritrovamenti nelle antiche discariche. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 19 |
| C. Buscaroli, C. Dal Pozzo, S. Sovilla & F. Tosato (1995): First report of carbonate-cyanotrichite from the Vicenza Province. Riv. Mineral. Ital., No. 2, 185-188. (in Italian); Pegoraro, S., Orlandi, P., Chiereghin, P., Contin, A. & Toniolo, E. (2009). I minerali del Monte Trisa (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2009, 160-179. |
Japan | |
| Murakami, O., Ohara, Y., Suzuki, Y., Fujiwara, T.. (2000): Carbonate-cyanotrichite from Washinosu mine, Iwate prefecture, Japan. Chigaku Kenkyu, 49, 3-6. (in Japanese.) |
| Kikukawa, M., Kojiro, T. & Yamada, T. (1999): Carbonate-cyanotrichite and cyanotrichite from Mikawa mine, Niigata Prefecture. Chigaku Kenkyu 47, 241-244. (in Japanese) |
| Sakurai & Kato (1970) Chigaku Kenkyu (Geoscience Magazine), 21, 255-256 |
Kazakhstan | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy |
| [Nickel & Nichols, 1991 - "Mineral Reference Manual" p35] |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
| ZVMO,(1963) 92, 458-463; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow | |
| |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy |
New Zealand | |
| Railton, G.L¹., Watters, W.A. (1990) Minerals of New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Bulletin 104, 89 pages. (¹published as G.L. Railton but his initials should be G.T. not G.L. - Errata sheet inserted in publication). |
Romania | |
| Szakáll, S., Almási, E., Köllı, A., Sajó, I., Vezzalini, G. (2006): New data about the minerals of the copper ore deposit at Balan (East Carpathians) and of limestone xenolithes from basalt at Racosu de Jos (Persani Mts.), Romania. Acta Mineral.-Petrogr., Abstr. Ser. 5, p. 112. [http://www.mineral.hermuz.hu/acta_05/pdf/szakalls1.pdf]d |
Slovenia | |
| - Žorž, Z., Moser, B. (2002): Remšnik - zgodovina, geologija, minerali / Geschichte, Geologie, Mineralien. Ravne na Koroškem: Voranc, 2002 (In Slovenian and German language) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 127. |
| Graeser, S. (1987): Schweizer Strahler 7, 473-486. |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 127. | |
UK | |
| Natural History Museum film 7431F |
| Ansermet, S. (2007): Lapis 32(2), 25-26, 50 |
| No reference listed |
| Green, D.I., 1995. Carbonate-cyanotrichite from the Wedding Cave mine, Bwlchgwyn, Clwyd. UK Journal of Mines & Minerals, No 15, Page 19. |
USA | |
| [Mineralogical Record Vol 12 No.5 pp298] |
| [Mineralogical Record Vol 12 No.5 pp298] | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 154; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436. |
| No reference listed |
| Colchester, D. M., Klish, D. R., Leverett, P. & Williams, P. A. (2008): Grandviewite, Cu3Al9(SO4)2(OH)29, a new mineral from the Grandview Mine, Arizona, USA. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 14, 51-54. |
| Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 298. |
| Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne. |
| Min Rec (1978) 9:235-242 |
| Alan R. Plante, Personal field notes, 1965-1987 | |
| Alan R. Plante, Personal field and lab notes, 1984-1987 | |
| Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson |
| Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne. |
| MinRec 26(5):449-469. |
| Mineralogical Record 26:467 |
| Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne. |
| Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne. |
| Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne. |
| Collection Elmar Lackner |
| Min News 14:10 p 4,4,7; Min Rec 30 pp231-238 | |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 52-62 |
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Posey Mine, Red Canyon, White Canyon District, San Juan Co., Utah, USA