Cascandite
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About Cascandite
Formula:
CaScSi3O8(OH)
Colour:
Pale pink
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4½ - 5½
Specific Gravity:
3 . 0 3 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
For Calcium and Scandium in the chemical composition.
A triclinic pyroxenoid with dreier tetrahedral chains (Mellini & Merlino 1982). It is structural related to sérandite and pectolite.
At the Heftejern pegmatite, Norway it occurs as intimate intergrowns with scandiobabingtonite (Raade & Erambert 1999)
At the Heftejern pegmatite, Norway it occurs as intimate intergrowns with scandiobabingtonite (Raade & Erambert 1999)
Classification of Cascandite
Approved
Approval year:
1980
First published:
1982
8/F.18-50
9.DG.07
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
65.2.1.6
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
2 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
2 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3
14.8.14
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
8 : Silicates of Group III metals other than Al
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
8 : Silicates of Group III metals other than Al
Pronounciation of Cascandite
Pronounciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Cascandite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pale pink
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ - 5½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
on {100} and {001}
on {100} and {001}
Density:
3 . 0 3 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cascandite
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.663 nγ = 1.684
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.021

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak
Chemical Properties of Cascandite
Formula:
CaScSi3O8(OH)
Common Impurities:
Ti,Al,Mn,Mg,Na
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | 2 | |
---|---|---|
SiO2 | 51.83 % | 54.94 % |
Sc2O3 | 14.74 % | 16.92 % |
FeO | 4.50 % | 3.90 % |
MgO | 0.20 % | 0.07 % |
TiO2 | 0.08 % | % |
Al2O3 | 0.11 % | % |
MnO | 2.32 % | 0.91 % |
CaO | 16.83 % | 16.88 % |
Na2O | 0.06 % | % |
H2O calc | 2.59 % | 2.72 % |
Total: | 93.26 % | 96.34 % |
Empirical formulas:
Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
---|---|
1 | Ca(Sc0.074Mg0.02Al0.01Fe2+0.22Mn0.01)(Na0.01Ca0.04Mn0.10◻0.85)Si3O8.02(OH) |
2 | Ca1.00(Sc0.81Fe2+0.18Mn0.04Mg0.01) Σ1.04Si3.03O8(OH) |
Sample references:
ID | Type | Locality | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Type Specimen | Giacomini Quarry, Agrano, Omegna, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy | Mellini, M., Merlino, S., Orlandi, P., Rinaldi, R. (1982): Cascandite and jervisite, two new scandium silicates from Baveno, Italy. American Mineralogist, 67: 599-603. | It is assumed that the iron present was Fe2+, H2O correspond to one molecule in the unit cell |
2 | Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Vestfold og Telemark, Norway | Raade, G. & Erambert, M. (1999): An intergrowth of scandiobabingtonite and cascandite from the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Norway. Neues Jahrbuch f | Empirical formula from mean analysis, based on 9O and assuming all Fe being divalent |
Crystallography of Cascandite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.791(8) Å, b = 10.420(9) Å, c = 7.076(6) Å
α = 98.91(8)°, β = 102.63(8)°, γ = 84.17(8)°
α = 98.91(8)°, β = 102.63(8)°, γ = 84.17(8)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.94 : 1 : 0.679
Unit Cell V:
694.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Platy crystals elongated along [100] and flattened parallel to {001}. Forms observed: {001},{100},{120},and {5-30}
Comment:
After Mellini & Merlino (1982), spacegroup C-1
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000868 | Cascandite | Mellini M, Merlino S (1982) The crystal structure of cascandite, CaScSi3O8(OH) American Mineralogist 67 604-609 | ![]() | 1982 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
7.22 Å | (20) |
6.75 Å | (20) |
4.46 Å | (20) |
3.84 Å | (20) |
3.62 Å | (50) |
3.10 Å | (50) |
2.968 Å | (50) |
2.821 Å | (100) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
Granite; Granite pegmatites
Type Occurrence of Cascandite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Light pink crystals up to 0.20 x 0.08 x 0.02 mm in size
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muncipal Museum of Natural History, Milan, Italy, Nr.23270
Empirical Formula of Type Material:
Ca(Sc0.074Mg0.02Al0.01Fe2+0.22Mn0.01)(Na0.01Ca0.04Mn0.10◻0.85)Si3O8.02(OH)
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Miarolitic cavities in granite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Mellini, M., Merlino, S., Orlandi, P., Rinaldi, R. (1982): Cascandite and jervisite, two new scandium silicates from Baveno, Italy. American Mineralogist 67: 599-603
Synonyms of Cascandite
Other Language Names for Cascandite
Relationship of Cascandite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Barrydawsonite-(Y) | Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O8(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Dalnegorskite | Ca5Mn(Si3O9)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) | Tric. |
Mendigite | Mn2Mn2MnCa(Si3O9)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Murakamiite | Ca2LiSi3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Serandite | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Tanohataite | LiMn2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Vistepite | SnMn4B2Si4O16(OH)2 | Tric. 1 |
Wollastonite | CaSiO3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Common Associates
Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Jervisite | NaSc3+Si2O6 |
Scandiobabingtonite | Ca2(Fe2+,Mn)ScSi5O14(OH) |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
4 photos of Cascandite associated with Scandiobabingtonite | Ca2(Fe2+,Mn)ScSi5O14(OH) |
3 photos of Cascandite associated with Jervisite | NaSc3+Si2O6 |
2 photos of Cascandite associated with Kristiansenite | Ca2ScSn(Si2O7)(Si2O6OH) |
2 photos of Cascandite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
1 photo of Cascandite associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
1 photo of Cascandite associated with Calcioancylite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O) |
1 photo of Cascandite associated with Stilbite subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
9.DG. | Calcinaksite | KNaCa(Si4O10) · H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG. | Barrydawsonite-(Y) | Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O8(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.DG.05 | Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.05 | Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) | Tric. |
9.DG.05 | Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.05 | Serandite | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.05 | Wollastonite | CaSiO3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.05 | Wollastonite-1A | CaSiO3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.08 | Plombièrite | [Ca4Si6O16(OH)2 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 5H2O) | Orth. |
9.DG.10 | Clinotobermorite | [Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 3H2O) | Mon. |
9.DG.10 | Riversideite | Ca5(HSi3O9)2 · 2H2O | Orth. |
9.DG.10 | Tobermorite | Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) | Orth. |
9.DG.15 | Foshagite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 | Tric. |
9.DG.20 | Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O | Tric. |
9.DG.25 | Paraumbite | K3Zr2H(Si3O9)2 · nH2O | Orth. |
9.DG.25 | Umbite | K2(Zr,Ti)Si3O9 · H2O | Orth. |
9.DG.30 | Sørensenite | Na4SnBe2Si6O16(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DG.35 | Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
9.DG.40 | Hillebrandite | Ca2(SiO3)(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
9.DG.45 | Zorite | Na8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2O | Orth. |
9.DG.45 | Chivruaiite | Ca4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 13-14H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmmm |
9.DG.50 | Haineaultite | (Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,F)8 · 5H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 2 |
9.DG.55 | Epididymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
9.DG.60 | Eudidymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
9.DG.65 | Elpidite | Na2ZrSi6O15 · 3H2O | Orth. |
9.DG.70 | Fenaksite | (K,Na)4(Fe,Mn)2(Si4O10)2(OH,F) | Tric. |
9.DG.70 | Litidionite | CuNaKSi4O10 | Tric. |
9.DG.70 | Manaksite | KNaMnSi4O10 | Tric. |
9.DG.75 | Tinaksite | K2Na(Ca,Mn2+)2TiO[Si7O18(OH)] | Tric. |
9.DG.75 | Tokkoite | K2Ca4[Si7O18(OH)](OH,F) | Tric. |
9.DG.75 | Senkevichite | CsKNaCa2TiO[Si7O18](OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.DG.80 | Canasite | K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4 | Mon. |
9.DG.80 | Fluorcanasite | K3Na3Ca5Si12O30F4 · H2O | Mon. m : Bm |
9.DG.85 | Miserite | K1.5-x(Ca,Y,REE)5(Si6O15)(Si2O7)(OH,F)2 · yH2O | Tric. |
9.DG.90 | Frankamenite | K3Na3Ca5(Si12O30)(F,OH)4 · H2O | Tric. |
9.DG.92 | Charoite | (K,Sr)15-16(Ca,Na)32[Si6O11(O,OH)6]2[Si12O18(O,OH)12]2[Si17O25(O,OH)18]2(OH,F)4 · ~3H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.DG.95 | Yuksporite | K4(Ca,Na)14(Sr,Ba)2(◻,Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3 | Orth. |
9.DG.97 | Eveslogite | (Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)48 [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe2+)12Si48O144(OH)12](F,OH,Cl)14 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
65.2.1.1b | Wollastonite-2M | CaSiO3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
65.2.1.1c | Wollastonite | CaSiO3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
65.2.1.1a | Wollastonite-1A | CaSiO3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
65.2.1.2 | Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
65.2.1.3 | Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) | Tric. |
65.2.1.4a | Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
65.2.1.5 | Serandite | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
65.2.1.7 | Denisovite | K14+x(Ca,Na,Mn,Fe)48[Si60O162]F16(Ox,OH4-x) · 2H2O | Mon. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
14.8.1 | Thalénite-(Y) | Y3Si3O10F | Mon. |
14.8.2 | Keiviite-(Y) | Y2Si2O7 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
14.8.3 | Keiviite-(Yb) | Yb2Si2O7 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
14.8.4 | Tombarthite-(Y) | Y4(Si,H4)4O12-x(OH)4+2x | Mon. |
14.8.5 | Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 | Mon. |
14.8.6 | Sazhinite-(Ce) | Na2CeSi6O14 · 6H2O | Orth. mm2 : Pmm2 |
14.8.7 | Monteregianite-(Y) | (Na,K)6(Y,Ca)2Si16O38 · 10H2O | Mon. 2/m |
14.8.8 | Iraqite-(La) | KCa2(La,Ce,Th)Si8O20 | Tet. |
14.8.9 | Ashcroftine-(Y) | K5Na5(Y,Ca)12Si28O70(OH)2(CO3)8 · 8H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm |
14.8.10 | Nordite-(La) | (La,Ce)(Sr,Ca)Na2(Na,Mn)(Zn,Mg)Si6O17 | |
14.8.11 | Nordite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)(Sr,Ca)Na2(Na,Mn)(Zn,Mg)Si6O17 | |
14.8.12 | Jervisite | NaSc3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
14.8.13 | Cerite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 | Trig. 3m : R3c |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Cascandite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Mellini, M. & Merlino, S. (1982): The crystal structure of cascandite, CaScSi3O8(OH). American Mineralogist: 67: 604-609.
Mellini, M., Merlino, S., Orlandi, P., Rinaldi, R. (1982): Cascandite and jervisite, two new scandium silicates from Baveno, Italy. American Mineralogist 67: 599-603.
Raade, G. and Erambert, M. (1999) An intergrowth of scandiobabingtonite and cascandite from the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Norway. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshefte 1999: 545-550.
Internet Links for Cascandite
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Localities for Cascandite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Italy | |
| Albertini, C.,Demartin, F., Guastoni, A. (2006): R.M.I. 240-243; Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, Ed., Alba, 607 pp. |
| Grill, E. (1935): I minerali del granito di Baveno, la fayalite. Periodico di Mineralogia, 129-133. - Gallitelli, P. (1936): Le miche del granito di Baveno. . Periodico di Mineralogia, 61-76 - Pagliani, G. (1948): Le Zeoliti del granito di Baveno. Periodico di Mineralogia, 175-188. - Ravagnani, D. (1974): I giacimenti uraniferi italiani - Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Ed., Milano, 188 pp. - min. Rec. 14 (3), 157-168 - Am. Min. 83, 1330-1334 (1998) - Am. Min. 84, 782-789 (1999). - Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2004): Kristiansenite a Baveno, second ritrovamento Mondiale della specie. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2004, 247-251. - Guastoni, A., Demartin, F., Pezzotta, F. (2004): Sekaninaite delle pegmatiti granitiche di Feriolo e Baveno (VB). Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 145, 59-68. - Mineralogist americano (2005) 90, 1442-1452. |
Mellini M., Merlino S., Orlandi P., Rinaldi R..(1982): Cascandite and jervisite, two new scandium silicates from Baveno, Italy. Am. Mineral., 67, 599-603. and [MinRec 14:157] | |
| Lapis, 13 (9), 29-33+42. |
Mellini, M., Merlino, S., Orlandi, P., Rinaldi, R. (1982): Cascandite and jervisite, two new scandium silicates from Baveno, Italy. American Mineralogist, 67, 599-603. | |
Norway | |
| Raade, G. & Erambert, M. (1999): An intergrowth of scandiobabingtonite and cascandite from the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Norway. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshefte 1999 (12):545-550 |
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Seula mine, Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy