Log InRegister
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat Articles
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsThe ElementsUsersBooks & MagazinesMineral MuseumsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice Settings
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day Gallery

Cervandonite-(Ce)

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Cervandonite-(Ce)

Wanni glacier - Scherbadung area, Kriegalp Valley, Binn Valley, Wallis, Switzerland
Cervandonite-(Ce)

Wanni glacier - Scherbadung area, Kriegalp Valley, Binn Valley, Wallis, Switzerland
Cervandonite-(Ce)

Mt. Cervandone area, Devero Alp, Baceno, Devero Valley, Antigorio Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
Cervandonite-(Ce)

Wanni glacier - Scherbadung area, Kriegalp Valley, Binn Valley, Wallis, Switzerland
Cervandonite-(Ce)

Wanni glacier - Scherbadung area, Kriegalp Valley, Binn Valley, Wallis, Switzerland
Cervandonite-(Ce)

Mt. Cervandone area, Devero Alp, Baceno, Devero Valley, Antigorio Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
Cervandonite-(Ce)

Wanni glacier - Scherbadung area, Kriegalp Valley, Binn Valley, Wallis, Switzerland
Cervandonite-(Ce)

Wanni glacier - Scherbadung area, Kriegalp Valley, Binn Valley, Wallis, Switzerland
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

Mt. Cervandone area: view from the east

Mt. Cervandone area, Devero Alp, Baceno, Devero Valley, Antigorio Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
Formula:
(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH)
Hardness:
5
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named in 1988 by T. Armbruster, C. Bühler, S. Graeser, H.A. Stalder, and G. Amthauer for the type locality at Pizzo Cervandone, a mountain ridge along the Italian-Swiss border.
This page provides mineralogical data about Cervandonite-(Ce).


Classification of Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

IMA status:
Approved
Strunz 8th ed.:
8/D.11-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
9.BE.92

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th ed.:
43.4.12.1

43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
4 : Anhydrous Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
Hey's CIM Ref.:
17.7.21

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
7 : Silicates with vanadate, arsenate or antimonate

Physical Properties of Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale

Optical Data of Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.990 nγ = 2.000
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.010
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v

Chemical Properties of Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

Formula:
(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH)
IMA Formula:
(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,Al)3O2(Si2O7)1-x+y(AsO3)1+x-y(OH)3x-3y
Elements listed:
Al, As, Ce, Fe, H, La, Nd, O, Si, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.508(1) Å, c = 18.520(3) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.846
Unit Cell V:
679.4 ų
Z:
3
Comment:
Monoclinic supercell (Z = 6)

Type Occurrence of Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

Synonyms of Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

Other Language Names for Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Quartz4 photos of Cervandonite-(Ce) associated with Quartz on mindat.org.
Deveroite-(Ce)3 photos of Cervandonite-(Ce) associated with Deveroite-(Ce) on mindat.org.
Niobian Rutile1 photo of Cervandonite-(Ce) associated with Niobian Rutile on mindat.org.
Muscovite1 photo of Cervandonite-(Ce) associated with Muscovite on mindat.org.
Hematite1 photo of Cervandonite-(Ce) associated with Hematite on mindat.org.
Rutile1 photo of Cervandonite-(Ce) associated with Rutile on mindat.org.
Synchysite-(Ce)1 photo of Cervandonite-(Ce) associated with Synchysite-(Ce) on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

9.BE.02Wadsleyite(Mg,Fe2+)2(SiO4)Orth.
9.BE.05HennomartiniteSrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth.
9.BE.05LawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05NoelbensoniteBaMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth.
9.BE.05ItoigawaiteSrAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth.
9.BE.07IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.BE.07ManganilvaiteCaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.10SuoluniteCa2(H2Si2O7) · H2OOrth.
9.BE.12JaffeiteCa6(Si2O7)(OH)6Trig. 3 : P3
9.BE.15FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)OTet.
9.BE.17BaghdaditeCa3(Zr,Ti)(Si2O7)O2Mon.
9.BE.17BurpaliteNa2CaZr(Si2O7)F2Mon.
9.BE.17CuspidineCa4(Si2O7)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite(Na,Ca)2Ca4Zr(Mn,Ti,Fe)(Si2O7)2(F,O)4 Tric.
9.BE.17Janhaugite(Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BE.17Låvenite(Na,Ca)2(Mn2+,Fe2+)(Zr,Ti)(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.17Niocalite(Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2Mon.
9.BE.17NormanditeNaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si2O7)OFMon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.17WöhleriteNaCa2(Zr,Nb)(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2Mon. 2 : P21
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite INa4Ca8Zr2(Nb,Mn,Ti,Fe,Mg,Al)2(Si2O7)4O3F5
9.BE.17MarianoiteNa2Ca4(Nb,Zr)2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4Mon. 2 : P21
9.BE.20Mosandrite-(Ce)(Ca3REE)[(H2O)2Ca0.5☐0.5]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Ce)NbNa3Ca3(Ce,REE )(Si2O7)2OF3Mon.
9.BE.22GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22Hainite-(Y)Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22RosenbuschiteNa6Ca6Zr3Ti(Si2O7)4O2F6Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22KochiteNa3Ca2MnZrTi(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.23DovyreniteCa6Zr(Si2O7)2(OH)4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
9.BE.25Barytolamprophyllite(Ba,Na)2(Na,Ti,Fe3+)4Ti2(Si2O7)2O(OH,F)Mon.
9.BE.25EricssoniteBaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25Lamprophyllite(Na,Mn2+)3(Sr,Na)2(Ti,Fe3+)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH,O,F)2Mon.
9.BE.25Ericssonite-2OBaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH)Orth.
9.BE.25SeidozeriteNa4MnZr2Ti(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon.
9.BE.25NabalamprophylliteNa3(Ba,Na)2Ti3(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m
9.BE.25GrenmariteNa4MnZr3(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P2/b
9.BE.25SchülleriteBa2Na(Mn,Ca)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25LileyiteBa2(Na,Fe,Ca)3MgTi2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25EmmerichiteBa2Na(Na,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Mg)Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25Fluorbarytolamprophyllite(Ba,Sr)2[(Na,Fe2+)3(Ti,Mg)F2][Ti2(Si2O7)2O2]Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.27MurmaniteNa2Ti2(Si2O7)O2 · 2H2OTric.
9.BE.30EpistoliteNa2(Nb,Ti)2(Si2O7)O2 · nH2OTric.
9.BE.32LomonosoviteNa5Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)O2Tric.
9.BE.35VuonnemiteNa11Ti4+Nb2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O3(F,OH)Tric.
9.BE.37SoboleviteNa13Ca2Mn2Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O3F3Mon. m : Pb
9.BE.40InneliteNa2CaBa4Ti3(Si2O7)2(SO4)2O4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.40PhosphoinneliteNa3Ba4Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4,SO4)2O2FTric.
9.BE.42YoshimuraiteBa2Mn2Ti(Si2O7)(PO4)O(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.45QuadruphiteNa14Ca2Ti4(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2FTric.
9.BE.47PolyphiteNa5(Na4Ca2)Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)3O2F2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.50BornemaniteNa6BaTi2Nb(Si2O7)2(PO4)O2(OH)F Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.50ShkatulkaliteNa5(Nb1−xTix)2(Ti1−yMn2+y)[Si2O7]2O2(OH)2·nH2O (x + y = 0.5; n ≤ 10)Mon. 2/m : P2/m
9.BE.55BafertisiteBa2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2Tric.
9.BE.55HejtmaniteBa2(Mn2+,Fe2+)4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2Tric. 1
9.BE.55Bykovaite(Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(H2O,F,OH)2 · 3.5H2OMon. 2/m
9.BE.55Nechelyustovite(Ba,Sr,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(O,H2O,F)2 · 4.5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.60Delindeite(Na,K)2(Ba,Ca)2(Ti,Fe,Al)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2 · 2H2OMon.
9.BE.65BusseniteNa2Ba2Fe2+Ti(Si2O7)(CO3)(OH)3FTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.67JinshajiangiteBaNaFe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2FTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.67PerraultiteBaNaMn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2FMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.67SurkhobiteNaCaBa2Mn8Ti4(Si2O7)4O5F5
9.BE.70Karnasurtite-(Ce)(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si2O7)(OH)4 · 3H2O
9.BE.70Perrierite-(Ce)Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70Strontiochevkinite(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8Mon.
9.BE.70Chevkinite-(Ce)(Ce,La,Ca,Th)4(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe2+,Ti,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70Polyakovite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)4(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr3+,Fe3+)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70RengeiteSr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70MatsubaraiteSr4Ti5(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70Dingdaohengite-(Ce)(Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70Maoniupingite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,◻)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70Perrierite-(La)(La,Ce,Ca)4(Fe,Mn2+,Mg)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70UKI-2008-(SiO:SrTiZr)Sr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
9.BE.70Hezuolinite(Sr,REE)4Zr(Ti,Fe3+)4(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.72FersmaniteCa4(Na,Ca)4(Ti,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8F3Tric.
9.BE.75BelkoviteBa3(Nb,Ti)6(Si2O7)2O12Hex.
9.BE.77NasonitePb6Ca4(Si2O7)3Cl2Hex.
9.BE.80KentrolitePb2Mn3+2(Si2O7)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
9.BE.80MelanotekitePb2Fe3+2(Si2O7)O2Orth.
9.BE.82TilleyiteCa5(Si2O7)(CO3)2Mon.
9.BE.85KillalaiteCa6.4(H0.6Si2O7)2(OH)2Mon.
9.BE.87Stavelotite-(La)(La,Nd,Ca)3Mn2+3Cu(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30Trig. 3 : P31
9.BE.90Biraite-(Ce)Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.95BatisiviteBaV3+8Ti6(Si2O7)O22Tric. 1 : P1

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

17.7.1SuzukiiteBaVSi2O7Orth.
17.7.2FranciscaniteMn2+6(V5+,☐)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6Hex.
17.7.3Kurumsakite(Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V5+2Si5O35 · 27H2O (?)
17.7.4Ardennite-(As)Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
17.7.5MedaiteMn2+6V5+Si5O18(OH)Mon.
17.7.6JohninnesiteNa2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2Tric.
17.7.7TiragalloiteMn2+4As5+Si3O12(OH)Mon. 2/m
17.7.8DixeniteCuMn2+14Fe2+(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(OH)6Trig.
17.7.9AsbecasiteCa3(Ti,Sn4+)Be2(AsO3)6(SiO4)2Trig. 3m : P3c1
17.7.10McgoverniteMn19Zn3(AsO4)3(AsO3)(SiO4)3(OH)21Trig. 3m (3 2/m)
17.7.11KraissliteZn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21
17.7.12SchalleriteMn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17Trig. 3m : P3m1
17.7.13Nelenite(Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3]Mon.
17.7.14KoliciteMn2+7Zn4(AsO4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca
17.7.15YeatmaniteZn6Mn2+9Sb5+2(SiO4)4O12Tric.
17.7.16WelshiteCa4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36]Tric. 1 : P1
17.7.17Katoptrite(Mn2+,Mg)13(Al,Fe3+)4Sb5+2(SiO4)2O20Mon. 2/m : B2/m
17.7.18ParweliteMn10Sb2As2Si2O24Mon. m : Bb
17.7.19LångbaniteMn2+4Mn3+9Sb5+O16(SiO4)2Trig. 3m : P3m1
17.7.20ChapmaniteFe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH)Mon. m : Bm

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Armbruster, T., Bühler, C., Graeser, S., Stalder, H.A., Amthauer, G. (1988) Cervandonite-(Ce), (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti4+,Al)3SiAs(Si,As)O13, a new alpine fissure mineral. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 68: 125-132.
Jambor, J.L., Grew, E.S. (1990) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 75: 931-937.
Roth, P. (2007) Minerals first discovered in Switzerland and minerals named after Swiss individuals, Kristallografik Verlag (Achberg Germany), 50-51.
Demartin, F., Gramaccioli, C.M., Graeser, S. (2008) The crystal structure of cervandonite-(Ce), an interesting example of As3+ → Si diadochy. Canadian Mineralogist: 46: 423-430.
Ciriotti, M.E., Fascio, L., Pasero, M. (2009) Italian type minerals. Edizioni Plus – Università di Pisa, Pisa, 357 pp. (p.75)

Internet Links for Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

Localities for Cervandonite-(Ce)Hide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Italy (TL)
 
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Ossola Valley
        • Antigorio Valley
          • Devero Valley
            • Baceno
              • Devero Alp
Stalder, H.A. (1987): Eine neue Mineralart entdeckt, Cervandonit – Funde in Italien und in der Schweiz. Berner Zeitung, 26 mars 1987, 47; Armbruster, T., Bühler, C., Graeser, S., Stalder, H.A., Amthauer, G. (1988): Cervandonite-(Ce), (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+Ti,Al)3SiAs(Si,As)O13, a new Alpine fissure mineral. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 68, 125-132; Frey, A., Margot, C., Mumenthaler, T. (1988): Cervandonite-(Ce), une nouvelle espèce minérale de la région du Cherbadung (CH) / P. Cervandone (I). Schweizer Strahler, 1988, 125-132; Graeser, S. (1989): Gasparite-(Ce) e Cervandonite-(Ce), due nuovi minerali della regione Cervandone/Cherbandung. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1989, 151-156; Mineralogical Record 23:435, 21:489; Guastoni, A., Pezzotta, F., Vignola, P. (2006): Characterization and genetic inferences of arsenates, sulfates and vanadates of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn from Mount Cervandone (Western Alps, Italy). Periodico di Mineralogia, 76, 141-150.
Albertini C. (1991): L'Alpe Devero ed i suoi minerali. Edizioni Grafica P.G.A., Dormelletto (Novara), 299 pp.; Piccoli G.C., Maletto G., Bosio P., Lombardo B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, Ed., Alba, 607 pp.
Switzerland
 
  • Wallis (Valais)
    • Binn Valley
      • Kriegalp Valley (Chriegalp Valley)
Armbruster, T., Bühler, C., Graeser, S., Stalder, H.A., Amthauer, G. (1988): Cervandonite-(Ce), (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+Ti,Al)3SiAs(Si,As)O13, a new Alpine fissure mineral. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 68, 125-132
      • Lercheltini area (Lärcheltini)
[MinRec 27:302]; American Mineralogist, Volume 79, pages 996-1002, 1994
Quick NavTopAbout Cervandonite-(Ce)Classification Physical Properties Optical Data Chemical Properties Crystallography Type Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesNickel-StrunzHey's CIMOther InformationReferences Internet Links Localities Locality List
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Public Relations by Blytheweigh.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2019, except where stated. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us Current server date and time: February 22, 2019 18:27:23 Page generated: February 6, 2019 20:19:01
Go to top of page