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Balanophyllia

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Photo Gallery

Balanophyllia sp.

Lake Nacogdoches spillway, Nacogdoches County, Texas, USA

Balanophyllia sp.

Lake Nacogdoches spillway, Nacogdoches County, Texas, USA

Balanophyllia sp.

Lake Nacogdoches spillway, Nacogdoches County, Texas, USA

Description

Balanophyllia is a genus of solitary corals in the order of stony corals.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanophyllia, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2259608	https://www.gbif.org/species/2259608
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	6195	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=6195

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Dendrophylliidae : Balanophyllia

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
subclass	Zoantharia	de Blainville 1830
order	Scleractinia	Bourne 1900
suborder	Dendrophylliina	Vaughan and Wells 1943
family	Dendrophylliidae	Gray 1847
genus	Balanophyllia	Wood 1844

Scientific Name

Balanophyllia Wood, 1844

Name Published In

Wood, S. V. 1844. Descriptive Catalogue of the Zoophytes from the Crag. Annals and magazine of natural history 13: 10-21.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Balanophyllia	genus	belongs to Dendrophylliidae	stated without evidence	Wells, 1941
Balanophyllia	genus	belongs to Dendrophylliidae	stated with evidence	Wells, 1956
Balanophyllia	genus	belongs to Scleractinia	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Balanophyllia	genus	belongs to Dendrophylliidae	stated with evidence	Kiessling, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

10 (14%)

First Recorded Appearance

86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Scleractinia)

Motility

stationary, attached (based on Scleractinia)

Vision

blind (based on Anthozoa)

Diet

suspension feeder

Reproduction

alternating, asexual, dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Scleractinia)

Taphonomy

aragonite

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanophyllia

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		1	13.8 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) bossolensis species	listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) cornurupicaprae species	listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) cylindrica species	listed (PBDB)		9	28.1 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) meneghinii species	listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) pachysepta species	listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) sismondiana species	listed (PBDB)		4	20.4 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) zelandiae species	listed (PBDB)		1	2.40 Ma Pleistocene	2.40 Ma Pleistocene
Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) zuffardii species	listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia acostae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Balanophyllia affinis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia alta species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	27.3 Ma Oligocene	15.9 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia annularis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	59.2 Ma Paleocene	59.2 Ma Paleocene
Balanophyllia armata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia augustinensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	48.6 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Balanophyllia australiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia bairdiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia basedowi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia bavarica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia bayeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia besairiei species	listed (PBDB)		3	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Balanophyllia blakeleyensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Balanophyllia bonaespei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia bossolensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia calyculus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia campanulata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Balanophyllia capensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia caribbeana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia carinata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia caryophylloides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia cauliculata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Balanophyllia caulifera species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Balanophyllia cedroensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia cedrosensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia cellulosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia chnous species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia clarendonensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Balanophyllia complanata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	16.0 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Balanophyllia compressa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia concinna species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	28.1 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia conica species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia conradi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia corniculans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia cornu species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia cornurupicaprae species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Balanophyllia cowlitzensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Balanophyllia crassiseptum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia crassitheca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia cumingii species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Balanophyllia cyathoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia dentata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia desmophyllioides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia desmophyllum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		20	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Balanophyllia diademata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia diffusa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia dilatata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia dineta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia diomedeae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia dubia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia elegans species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanophyllia elongata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	41.3 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Balanophyllia europaea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia fistula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia floridana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia formosana species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia fossata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Balanophyllia fragilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia fulleri species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Balanophyllia galapagensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia gemma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia gemmifera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia generatrix species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia gigas species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanophyllia hadros species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia haleana species	listed (PBDB)		13	56.0 Ma Paleocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Balanophyllia hectori species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	41.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanophyllia helenae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia imperialis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Balanophyllia inauris species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Balanophyllia induta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Balanophyllia irregularis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	13.7 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia irrorata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	48.6 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Balanophyllia italica species	listed (PBDB)		8	20.4 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia iwayamaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia japonica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia javaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia kalakauai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia laysanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia malouinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia meneghinii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia merguiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia nonaradiata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia oppenheimi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	11.6 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Balanophyllia oulangiformis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Balanophyllia pachysepta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia palifera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia parallela species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanophyllia parvula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia patera species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia patula ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia pittieri species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanophyllia piuraensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Balanophyllia ponderosa species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Balanophyllia praecipina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia praelonga species	listed (PBDB)		11	20.4 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia profundicella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia rediviva species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia redivivus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Balanophyllia regalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia regia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia regularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia rovasendai species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia salpynx species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	27.3 Ma Oligocene	27.3 Ma Oligocene
Balanophyllia santaelensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia scabra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia scabrosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia selwyni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia seminuda species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia serrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia soloensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Balanophyllia spongiosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia stimpsonii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia striata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia striatissima species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia taprobanae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia teglandae species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Balanophyllia tenuis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia thalassae species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Balanophyllia torta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Balanophyllia truncata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	33.9 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia tubuliformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia ukrainensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia ulruchi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia vanderhorsti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia variabilis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		6	56.0 Ma Paleocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Balanophyllia variabilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Balanophyllia varians species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	28.1 Ma Oligocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Balanophyllia washingtonensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	41.3 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Balanophyllia wellsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia yongei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia zelandiae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanophyllia zuffardii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Caryophyllia italica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ceratopsammia besairiei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Eupsammia compressa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Eupsammia haleana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Osteodes cyanthus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Osteodes irroratus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turbinolia cylindrica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turbinolia praelonga species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turbinolia sismondiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Eupsammia Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1848	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Dendrophylliidae : *Eupsammia*
Balanophillia Angelis, 1895	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Dendrophylliidae : *Balanophillia*
Conostrochus Schafhäutl, 1863	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Dendrophylliidae : *Conostrochus*
Rhodopsammia Semper, 1872	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Dendrophylliidae : *Rhodopsammia*
Osteodes Conrad, 1855	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Dendrophylliidae : *Osteodes*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1844	Balanophyllia Wood
1848	Eupsammia Milne-Edwards and Haime
1872	Rhodopsammia Semper
1941	Balanophyllia Wells p. 316
1956	Balanophyllia Wells
1958	Ceratopsammia Alloiteau

Year	Name and Author
1958	Eupsammia Alloiteau and Tissier
2002	Balanophyllia Sepkoski, Jr.
2002	Ceratopsammia Sepkoski, Jr.
2002	Eupsammia Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) Kiessling
2008	Balanophyllia Kiessling

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Wells J. W. (1941) Cretaceous and Eocene corals from northwestern Peru, Bulletins of American Paleontology 98 26, 1-26

Wells J. W. (1956) Scleractinia, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology F, 328-444

Alloiteau J. (1958) Monographie des madreporaires fossiles de Madagascar [Monograph of fossil corals from Madagascar], Annales Geologiques de Madagascar 25, 1-218

Alloiteau J., Tissier J. (1958) Les madréporaires du montien des petites pyrénées (Comparaison avec ceux du Montien de Mons), Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire naturelle de Toulouse 93, 241-293

Kiessling W. (2003) Personal data

Kiessling W. (2008) New opinions on coral taxonomy

Cairns, S.D. (1999). Cnidaria Anthozoa: Deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. in: Crosnier, A. (Ed.) Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM 20. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. Série A, Zoologie. 180: 31-167. - via World Register of Marine Species

Cairns, S.D., Baron-Szabo, R., A. F. Budd, B. Lathuiliere, E. Roniewicz, J. Stolarski, and K. G. Johnson, 2010. Corallosphere - via World Register of Marine Species

Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Cairns, S.D., 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). N. Z. Oceanographic Mem, 103: 210 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Cairns, S.D. (2000). A revision of the shallow-water azooxanthellate scleractinia of the Western Atlantic. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands. 125: 1-235. - via World Register of Marine Species

Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [developed by uBio, hosted online at MBLWHOI Library]. - via World Register of Marine Species

Wood, S. V. (1844). III.—Descriptive Catalogue of the Zoophytes from the Crag. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 13(81): 10-21. - via World Register of Marine Species

Cairns, S. D. (2001). A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. (615): 1-75. - via World Register of Marine Species

Cairns, S.D., Hoeksema, B.W., and J. van der Land, 2001. Scleractinia, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 109-110 - via World Register of Marine Species

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Hallan, J. (2000-current). Biology Catalog. Web compilation accessible at http://bug.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/ (accessed June 2012). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wells, John W., 1986: null. A List of Scleractinian generic and subgeneric taxa, 1758-1985, (special issue). 69. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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