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Kem Kem, Morocco

FormationKem Kem
Member(s)Lower
Unit 2
Age:99.6 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
IntervalAlbian - Cenomanian
Lithologyconglomerate/marl, sandstone, "limestone", "siliciclastic", sandstone/"siliciclastic", mudstone
Number of Collections35
Number of Occurrences112

Recorded Sample Locations

LocationRegionStratigraphic Name
Jbel SgatAzilal Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Tafilalt region Errachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Keneg ed DalDrâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Hammada du GuirErrachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Taouz-Hammada du GuirErrachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
TabroumitDrâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Hamada du Guir pterosaur Errachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Beg'aaErrachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
DarelkaribErrachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Lower Tafilalt LimestoneErrachidia Cercle, Errachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
BoumeradeErrachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Aferdou N'ChaftErrachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Kem Kem bedsErrachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Oniichthys falipoui-type localityDrâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Bordj-Yerdi sand quarryErrachidia Cercle, Errachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
P. C. Sereno Kem Kem SiteTiznit Province, Souss-Massa Region, MoroccoKem Kem - Unit 2
DaouraErrachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Kouah TrickErrachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem
Aferdou N'Chaft mesaErrachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, MoroccoKem Kem

Associated Units

Stratigraphic NameAgeLithologyOccurrence Records
Hamar Laghdad Limestone403 - 392 Ma
Devonian
limestone/marl, "limestone"59
Kem Kem - Lower101 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
sandstone1
Kem Kem - Unit 299.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
claystone3
Tafilalt Limestone403 - 392 Ma
Devonian
limestone27
Tilougguit168 - 165 Ma
Middle Jurassic
marl/"carbonate", conglomerate, marl5

Recorded Fossils

Accepted NameHierarchyAge
Lusitanichthys africanus
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Clupeiformes : Clupavidae : Lusitanichthys : Lusitanichthys africanus100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Oniichthys falipoui
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Lepisosteiformes : Lepisosteidae : Oniichthys : Oniichthys falipoui113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Lepidotes sp.
genus
6Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Lepisosteiformes : Lepidotes100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Spinocaudichthys sp.
genus
6Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Spinocaudichthys145 - 66 Ma
Cretaceous
Teleostei
unranked clade
99Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Teleostei100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Diplospondichthys moreaui
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Diplospondichthys : Diplospondichthys moreaui145 - 66 Ma
Cretaceous
Onchopristis sp.
genus
6Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Rhinopristiformes : Pristidae : Onchopristis99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Onchopristis numidus
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Rhinopristiformes : Pristidae : Onchopristis : Onchopristis numidus113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Serenoichthys kemkemensis
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Polypteriformes : Polypteridae : Serenoichthys : Serenoichthys kemkemensis145 - 66 Ma
Cretaceous
Ceratodus sp.
genus
6Animalia : Chordata : Sarcopterygii : Ceratodontiformes : Ceratodontidae : Ceratodus113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Crocodylia
order
4Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Crocodyliformes
suborder
4.3Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Lisboasaurus : Crocodyliformes113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Eusuchia
suborder
4.3Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Pristichampsus : Eusuchia100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Aegisuchus witmeri
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Aegyptosuchidae : Aegisuchus : Aegisuchus witmeri100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lavocatchampsa sigogneaurusselae
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Candidodontidae : Lavocatchampsa : Lavocatchampsa sigogneaurusselae105.3 - 93.5 Ma
Cretaceous
Thoracosaurus cherifiensis
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Pholidosauridae : Elosuchus : Thoracosaurus cherifiensis99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Araripesuchus rattoides
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Araripesuchus : Araripesuchus rattoides100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dinosauria
order
4Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria100.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hamadasuchus rebouli
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Peirosauridae : Hamadasuchus : Hamadasuchus rebouli113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Laganosuchus maghrebensis
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Stomatosuchidae : Laganosuchus : Laganosuchus maghrebensis100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Azhdarchoidea
superfamily
4.7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Azhdarchoidea113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Dsungaripteroidea
superfamily
4.7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Dsungaripteroidea113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Alanqa saharica
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Azhdarchidae : Alanqa : Alanqa saharica100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Azhdarchidae
family
5Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Azhdarchidae100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Xericeps curvirostris
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Xericeps : Xericeps curvirostris100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Coloborhynchus moroccensis
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Ornithocheiridae : Coloborhynchus : Coloborhynchus moroccensis100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ornithocheiridae
family
5Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Ornithocheiridae100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pteranodontidae
family
5Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pteranodontidae100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tapejarinae
subfamily
5.3Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Tapejaridae : Tapejarinae100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Jeddaherdan aleadonta
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Jeddaherdan : Jeddaherdan aleadonta100.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Norisophis begaa
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Norisophis : Norisophis begaa100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Testudinata
unranked clade
99Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Protochelys : Testudinata100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Galianemys emringeri
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Bothremydidae : Galianemys : Galianemys emringeri99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Galianemys whitei
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Bothremydidae : Galianemys : Galianemys whitei99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Carcharodontosauridae
family
5Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Carcharodontosauridae99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Carcharodontosaurus sp.
genus
6Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Carcharodontosauridae : Carcharodontosaurus113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Carcharodontosaurus saharicus
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Carcharodontosauridae : Carcharodontosaurus : Carcharodontosaurus saharicus113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
? no name ?
100113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Dromaeosauridae
family
5Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Dromaeosauridae99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Abelisauroidea
superfamily
4.7Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Abelisauroidea113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Abelisauridae
family
5Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Dryptosauroides : Abelisauridae113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Elaphrosaurus sp.
genus
6Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ornithomimidae : Elaphrosaurus100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Saurischia
unranked clade
99Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Sauropoda
unranked clade
99Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Sauropoda113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Theropoda
unranked clade
99Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Theropoda113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Titanosauriformes
unranked clade
99Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Macrurosaurus : Titanosauriformes113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Rebbachisaurus sp.
genus
6Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Rebbachisauridae : Rebbachisaurus113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Rebbachisaurus garasbae
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Rebbachisauridae : Rebbachisaurus : Rebbachisaurus garasbae113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous
Spinosauridae
family
5Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Spinosauridae100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Spinosaurus sp.
genus
6Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Spinosauridae : Spinosaurus100.5 - 93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Spinosaurus aegyptiacus
species
7Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Spinosauridae : Spinosaurus : Spinosaurus aegyptiacus113 - 93.9 Ma
Cretaceous

References

Lavocat R. (1948) Découverte de Crétacé à Vertébrés dans le soubassement de la Hammada du Guir (Sud marocain) [Discovery of Cretaceous with vertebrates in the basement of Hammada du Guir (southern Morocco)], Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences à Paris 226, 1291-1292
Lavocat R. (1954) Sur les dinosauriens du Continental Intercalaire des Kem-Kem de la Daoura [On the dinosaurs from the Continental Intercalaire of the Kem Kem of the Doura], Congrés Géologique International, Comptes Rendus de la Dix-Neuvième Session, Section 13 15, 65-68
Monbaron M. (1978) Nouveaux ossements de Dinosauriens de grande taille dans le bassin jurassico-crétacé de Taguelft (Atlas de Beni-Mellal, Maroc), Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences à Paris, Série D 287, 1277-1279
Russell D. A. (1996) Isolated dinosaur bones from the Middle Cretaceous of the Tafilalt, Morocco, Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4e série, section C 18 2-3, 349-402
Kellner A. W. A., Mader B. J. (1997) Archosaur teeth from the Cretaceous of Morocco, Journal of Paleontology 71, 525-527
Cavin L. (1999) A new Clupavidae (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) from the Cenomanian of Daoura (Morocco), Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Series IIA Earth and Planetary Science 329 9, 689-695
Mader B. J., Kellner A. W. A. (1999) A new anhanguerid pterosaur from the Cretaceous of Morocco, Boletim do Museu Nacional - Geologia 45, 1-11
Larsson H. C. E., Sidor C. A. (1999) Unusual crocodyliform teeth from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of southeastern Morocco, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 2, 398-401
Cavin L., Brito P. M. (2001) A new Lepisosteidae (Actinopterygii: Ginglymodi) from the Cretaceous of the Kem Kem beds, southern Morocco, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 172 5, 661-670
Filleul A., Dutheil D. B. (2001) Spinocaudichthys Oumtkoutensis, a Freshwater Acanthomorph from the Cenomanian of Morocco, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21 4, 774-780
Gaffney E. S., Tong H., et al (2002) Galianemys, a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco, American Museum Novitates 3379, 1-20
Filleul A., Dutheil D. B. (2004) A Peculiar Diplospondylous Actinopterygian Fish from the Cretaceous of Morocco, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 2, 290-298
Dalla Vecchia F. M. (2005) Un viaggio geo-paleontologico in Marocco, Natura Nascosta 30, 16-44
Dal Sasso C., Maganuco S., et al (2005) New information on the skull of the enigmatic theropod Spinosaurus, with remarks on its size and affinities, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 4, 888-896
Krause D. W., Sampson S. D., et al (2007) Overview of the history of discovery, taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar, In S. D. Sampson & D. W. Krause (eds.), Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 8. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 2, suppl., 1-20
Larsson H. C. E., Sues H.-D. (2007) Cranial osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Hamadasuchus rebouli (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Cretaceous of Morocco, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149, 533-567
Carrano M. T., Sampson S. D. (2008) The phylogeny of Ceratosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6 2, 183-236 doi:10.1017/S1477201907002246
Gottfried M. D., Stevens N. J., et al (2009) A new Cretaceous lungfish (Dipnoi: Ceratodontidae) from the Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania, African Natural History 5, 31-36
Cau A., Maganuco S. (2009) A new theropod dinosaur, represented by a single unusual caudal vertebra, from the Kem Kem Beds (Cretaceous) of Morocco, Atti della SocietĂ  italiana di scienze naturali e del museo civico di storia naturale di Milano 150, 239-257
Sereno P. C., Larsson H. C. E. (2009) Cretaceous crocodyliformes from the Sahara, ZooKeys 28, 1-143 doi:10.3897/zookeys.28.325
Ibrahim N., Unwin D. M., et al (2010) A new pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea: Azharchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco, PLoS One 5 5, e10875 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010875
Rodrigues T., Kellner A. W. A. (2011) New pterosaur specimens from the Kem Kem beds (Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian) of Morocco, Revista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 117 1, 149-160
D'Orazi Porchetti S., Nicosia U., et al (2011) New abelisaurid material from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Morocco, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 117 3, 463-472
Mannion P. D., Calvo J. O. (2011) Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian–early Cenomanian) Río Limay Formation, Neuquén Province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163, 155-181
Holliday C. M., Gardner N. M. (2012) A new eusuchian crocodyliform with novel cranial integument and its significance for the origin and evolution of Crocodylia, PLoS One 7 1, e30471:1-13 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030471
Vullo R., Marugán-Lobón J., et al (2012) A new crested pterosaur from the Early Cetaceous of Spain: the first European tapejarid (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea), PLoS ONE 7 7, e38900 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038900
Richter U., Mudroch A., et al (2013) Isolated theropod teeth from the Kem Kem Beds (Early Cenomanian) near Taouz, Morocco, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift doi:10.1007/s12542-012-0153-1
McFeeters B. (2013) Bone "Taxon" B: reevaluation of a supposed small theropod dinosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Morocco, Kirtlandia 58, 38-41
Martill D. M., Ibrahim N. (2015) An unusual modification of the jaws in cf. Alanqa, a mid-Cretaceous azhdarchid pterosaur from the Kem Kem beds of Morocco, Cretaceous Research 53, 59-67
Meunier L. M. V., Larsson H. C. E. (2016) Revision and phylogenetic affinities of Elosuchus (Crocodyliformes), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 1, 169-200 doi:10.1111/zoj.12448
Martin J. E., de Lapparent de Broin F. (2016) A miniature notosuchian with multicuspid teeth from the Cretaceous of Morocco, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1211534:1-17 doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1211534
ApesteguĂ­a S., Daza J. D., et al (2016) The first iguanian lizard from the Mesozoic of Africa, Royal Society Open Science 3, 160462:1-13 doi:10.1098/rsos.160462
Klein C. G., Longrich N. R., et al (2017) A new basal snake from the mid-Cretaceous of Morocco, Cretaceous Research doi:10.1016/ j.cretres.2016.12.001
Martill D. M., Unwin D. M., et al (2018) A new edentulous pterosaur from the Cretaceous Kem Kem beds of south eastern Morocco, Cretaceous Research 84, 1-12 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.09.006
Carrano M. T. (2020) Taxonomic opinions on the Dinosauria
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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