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Arcida

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Glycymerididae

Columbus County, North Carolina, USA

Glycymeris sp.

Surry County, Virginia, USA

Glycymerididae

Columbus County, North Carolina, USA

Glycymeris sp.

Surry County, Virginia, USA

Glycymerididae

Columbus County, North Carolina, USA

Glycymeris sp.

Surry County, Virginia, USA

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	244029	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=244029

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Pteriomorphia
-	Ostreomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Arcioni	Gray 1854
order	Arcida	(Stoliczka 1871)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorphia	stated with evidence	Newell, 1965
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorpha	stated without evidence	Squires, 1984
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorphia	stated with evidence	Ward and Blackwelder, 1987
Arcida	order	belongs to Bivalvia	stated without evidence	Squires, 1988
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorphia	stated without evidence	Beu et al., 1990
Arcida	order	belongs to Neotaxodonta	stated without evidence	Cope, 1997
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorphia	stated with evidence	Coan et al., 2000
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorphia	stated without evidence	Todd, 2001
Arcida	order	belongs to Bivalvia	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorphia	stated with evidence	Giribet and Wheeler, 2002
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorphia	stated without evidence	Spencer et al., 2004
Arcida	order	belongs to Prionodonta	stated without evidence	Anelli et al., 2006
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorphia	stated with evidence	Bieler and Mikkelsen, 2006
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorphia	stated without evidence	Mikkelsen and Bieler, 2008
Arcida	order	belongs to Autobranchia	implied	Nevesskaja, 2009
Arcida	order	belongs to Pteriomorphia	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010
Arcida	order	belongs to Arcioni	stated with evidence	Carter et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

1,302

Extant Size (PBDB)

281 (22%)

First Recorded Appearance

479 - 472 Ma
Early/Lower Ordovician

Motility

facultatively mobile (based on Arcida)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Arcida)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Arcida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. G. Carter, C. R. Altaba L. C. Anderson, R. Araujo, A. S. Biakov, A. E. Bogan, D. C. Campbell, M. Campbell, J. H. Chen, J. C. W. Cope, G. Delvene, H. H. Dijkstra, Z. J. Fang, R. N. Gardner, V. A. Gavrilova, I. A. Goncharova, P. J. Harries, J. H. Hartman, M. Hautmann, et al. 2011. A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4:1-47

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Arcoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)	11,983	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	0 Ma Extant
Glycymeridoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Glycymeroidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Glyptarcoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)	10	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Limopsoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)	688	201 Ma Early Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Philobryoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)	36	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Aegilops ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Antonella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Austrocucullaea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cardiolita ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Curvirostrum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ekaterdonta ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Eusebia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Metapadia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Myodakryotus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Noetiella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Okinawanoarca ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pentoperna ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pichleria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sowteria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	466 Ma Middle Ordovician
Spinearca genus	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Stenzelia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Torinosulcatella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Verilarca genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Vetoarca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Vigorniella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1871	Arcoida Stoliczka
1906	Cucullaea scrivenori Newton p. 489 figs. Pl 25, fig 13
1965	Arcoida Newell p. 17
1980	Arcoida Vokes p. 10
1983	Arcoida Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 88
1984	Arcoida Squires p. 41
1987	Arcoida Squires p. 55
1987	Arcoida Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1988	Arcoida Squires p. 17
1990	Arcoida Beu et al. p. 393
1992	Arcoida Ward p. 53
1997	Arcoida Cope p. 739
1999	Arcoida Squires p. 23
2000	Arcoida Coan et al. pp. 125, 126

Year	Name and Author
2001	Arcoida Todd
2002	Arcoida Giribet and Wheeler
2002	Arcoida Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Arcoida Spencer et al.
2004	Arcoida Stilwell et al. p. 20
2006	Arcoida Anelli et al. p. 1127
2006	Arcoida Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 230
2006	Arcoida Rosenberg et al.
2008	Arcoida Mikkelsen and Bieler p. 19
2008	Arcoida Scholz et al.
2009	Arcoida Nevesskaja
2010	Arcida Bouchet et al.
2011	Arcida Carter et al. p. 7

References

Carter J. G., Altaba C. R., et al (2011) A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca), University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4, 1-47

Newton R. B. (1906) Notice of some fossils from Singapore discovered by John B. Scrivenor, FGS, geologist to the Federated Malay States, Geological Magazine, New Series, Decade V 3, 487-496

Newell N. D. (1965) Classification of the Bivalvia, American Museum Novitates 2206, 1-25

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Gliozzi E., Malatesta A. (1983) I molluschi del Paleocene di Baixa Chinhauanine nel bacino del Rio Massintonto (Maputo - Mozambico), Geologica Romana 22, 85-145

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Ward L. W., Blackwelder B.W. (1987) Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at Lee Creek Mine, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 61, 113-283

Squires R. L. (1988) Eocene Macropaleontology of Northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 398, 1-23

Beu A. G., Maxwell P.A., et al (1990) Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin 58

Ward L. W. (1992) Molluscan biostratigraphy of the Miocene Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America, Virginia Museum of Natural History 2

Cope J. C. W. (1997) The early phylogeny of the Class Bivalvia, Palaeontology 40 3, 713-746

Coan E. V., Scott P. V., et al (2000) Bivalve seashells of western North America, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural history Monographs 2, 1-764

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of bivalves in the Panama Paleontology Project collections, [http://eusmilia.geology.uiowa.edu/database/bivalves/systemat/bivaltax.htm#list]

Giribet G., Wheeler W. (2002) On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data, Invertebrate Biology 121 4, 271-324

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Spencer H. G., Willan R. C., et al (2004) Checklist of the Recent Mollusca described from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, [http://www.molluscs.otago.ac.nz/index.html]

Stilwell J. D., Zinsmeister W. J., et al (2004) Early Paleocene Mollusks of Antarctica: Systematics, Paleoecology and Paleobiogeographic Significance, Bulletins of American Paleontology 367

Anelli L. E., Rocha-Campos A. C., et al (2006) Pennsylvannian pteriomorphian bivalves from the Piauí Formation, Parnaíba Basin, Brazil, Journal of Paleontology 80 6, 1135-1141

Bieler R., Mikkelsen P. M. (2006) Bivalvia - a look at the branches, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148, 223-235

Rosenberg G., Ponder W., et al (2006) A Biotic Database of Indo-Pacific Marine Mollusks doi:http://data.acnatsci.org/obis

Mikkelsen P. M., Bieler R. (2008) , Seashells of Southern Florida. Living marine mollusks of the Florida Keys and regions, 1-503

Scholz A., Aberhan M., et al (2008) Early Jurassic bivalves of the Antimonio terrane (Sonora, NW Mexico): Taxonomy, biogeography, and paleogeographic implications, Geological Society of America Special Paper 442, 269-312

Nevesskaja L. A. (2009) Principles of Systematics and the System of Bivalves, Paleontological Journal 43 1, 1-11 doi:10.1134/S0031030109010018

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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