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Hybodus

Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)34498https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=34498
Rankgenus (PBDB)
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Hybodontiformes : Hybodontidae : Hybodus
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
classChondrichthyesHuxley 1880
subclassElasmobranchiiBonaparte 1838
infraclassEuselachii
-Hybodontida
orderHybodontiformes
superfamilyHybodontoideaZangerl 1981
familyHybodontidae
subfamilyHybodontinaeMaisey 1989
genusHybodusAgassiz 1837
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontesstated with evidenceAgassiz, 1837
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Cestraciontidaestated with evidenceWoodward, 1889
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Heterodontidaestated without evidenceHay, 1902
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated without evidenceJordan, 1907
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Cestraciontidaestated without evidenceWoodward, 1916
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Heterodontidaestated without evidenceJordan and Hanibal, 1923
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Piscesstated without evidenceYoung, 1940
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Heterodontidaestated without evidenceJordan, 1963
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated with evidenceTabaste, 1963
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated without evidenceHerman, 1975
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated with evidenceSahni and Chhabra, 1976
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated without evidenceCase, 1978
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Selachiistated without evidenceCase, 1979
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated with evidenceRieppel, 1981
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated without evidenceCase and Schwimmer, 1988
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated with evidenceDelsate and Duffin, 1993
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated without evidenceBiddle, 1993
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated with evidenceDelsate and Godefroit, 1995
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated without evidenceGoodwin et al., 1999
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Ctenacanthidasecond handSepkoski, 2002
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontidaestated with evidenceChhabra and Mishra, 2002
Hybodusgenusbelongs to Hybodontinaestated with evidenceStumpf and Kriwet, 2019
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)71
First Recorded Appearance303 - 296 Ma
Paleozoic
Last Recorded Appearance70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Vertebrata)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Chondrichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Chondrichthyes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)L. Agassiz. 1837. Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome III (livr. 8-9). Imprimérie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Hybodus acutus
species
listed (PBDB)1156 Ma
Jurassic
156 Ma
Jurassic
Hybodus aequitridentatus
species
listed (PBDB)1125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Hybodus angulatus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus angustus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus antingensis
species
listed (PBDB)1145 Ma
Late Jurassic
145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Hybodus apicalis
species
listed (PBDB)2242 Ma
Middle Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus austiensis
species
listed (PBDB)1209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus brabanticus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus bugarensis
species
listed (PBDB)4242 Ma
Middle Triassic
242 Ma
Middle Triassic
Hybodus butleri
species
listed (PBDB)9125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
99.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hybodus carinatus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus clarkensis
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus cloacinus
species
listed (PBDB)21228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
197 Ma
Early Jurassic
Hybodus copei
species
listed (PBDB)4299 Ma
Carboniferous
279 Ma
Permian
Hybodus crassispinus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus crassus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus curtus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus cuspidatus
species
listed (PBDB)4242 Ma
Middle Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus delabechei
species
listed (PBDB)10197 Ma
Early Jurassic
183 Ma
Early Jurassic
Hybodus dimidiatus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus dorsalis
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus dubius
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus ensatus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus ensensis
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus ensis
species
listed (PBDB)14145 Ma
Late Jurassic
122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Hybodus formosus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus grewingki
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus hauffianus
species
listed (PBDB)24190 Ma
Early Jurassic
183 Ma
Early Jurassic
Hybodus hexagonus
species
listed (PBDB)1235 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
235 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus houtienensis
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus huangnidanensis
species
listed (PBDB)2174 Ma
Middle Jurassic
164 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Hybodus inflatus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus lawsoni
species
listed (PBDB)1209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus leptodus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus levis
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus leviusculus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus longiconus
species
listed (PBDB)2242 Ma
Middle Triassic
242 Ma
Middle Triassic
Hybodus mackrothi
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus major
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus marginalis
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus medius
species
listed (PBDB)3197 Ma
Early Jurassic
197 Ma
Early Jurassic
Hybodus microdus
species
listed (PBDB)3252 Ma
Permian
251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Hybodus montanensis
species
listed (PBDB)3783.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hybodus mougeoti
species
listed (PBDB)4247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus multiconus
species
listed (PBDB)2242 Ma
Middle Triassic
242 Ma
Middle Triassic
Hybodus multiplicatus
species
listed (PBDB)2242 Ma
Middle Triassic
242 Ma
Middle Triassic
Hybodus nevadensis
species
listed (PBDB)1247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Hybodus novus
species
listed (PBDB)1209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus obtusus
species
listed (PBDB)1156 Ma
Jurassic
156 Ma
Jurassic
Hybodus pinii
species
listed (PBDB)1247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Hybodus pleiodus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus plicatilis
species
listed (PBDB)21247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus punctatus
species
listed (PBDB)1209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus rapax
species
listed (PBDB)3251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Hybodus raricostatus
species
listed (PBDB)5247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
157 Ma
Jurassic
Hybodus reticulatus
species
listed (PBDB)9209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
190 Ma
Early Jurassic
Hybodus sasseniensis
species
listed (PBDB)3252 Ma
Permian
251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Hybodus shastensis
species
listed (PBDB)1232 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
232 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus storeri
species
listed (PBDB)183.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hybodus striatulus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus subcarinatus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus sublaevis
species
listed (PBDB)2209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hybodus sulcatus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus tenuis
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus undulatus
species
listed (PBDB)
Hybodus yohi
species
listed (PBDB)1251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Hybodus zuodengensis
species
listed (PBDB)1251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
251 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic
Leiacanthus falcatus
species
listed (PBDB)
Orthybodus grossiconus
species
listed (PBDB)1164 Ma
Middle Jurassic
164 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Oxyrhina (Meristodon) paradoxa
species
listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1837Hybodus Agassiz p. 41
1837Leiacanthus Agassiz p. 55
1837Hybodus Agassiz p. 206
1843Meristodon Agassiz p. 286
1843Oxyrhina (Meristodon) Agassiz p. 286
1858Leptacanthus cornaliae Bellotti
1881Cladodus curtus Davis p. 424 figs. Pl. 22:8
1886Leptacanthus cornaliae Bassani p. 30
1887Hybodus dewalquei Forir
1889Hybodus Woodward p. 250
1898Orthybodus Jaekel p. 138
1898Parhybodus Jaekel p. 143
1902Hybodus Hay p. 299
1907Hybodus Jordan p. 98
1916Hybodus Woodward p. 3
1923Hybodus Jordan and Hanibal p. 30
1940Hybodus Young p. 235
1963Hybodus Jordan p. 595
1963Leiacanthus Jordan p. 595
1963Meristodon Jordan p. 595
1963Orthybodus Jordan p. 596
1963Parhybodus Jordan p. 596
1963Hybodus Tabaste p. 459
1966Hybodus Gardiner p. 44
1971Hybodus Thurmond p. 212
YearName and Author
1975Hybodus Herman p. 18
1976Hybodus Sahni and Chhabra p. 220
1976Leiacanthus Sahni and Chhabra p. 220
1978Hybodus Case p. 180
1979Hybodus Case p. 79
1981Hybodus Rieppel p. 325
1987Hybodus Maisey p. 4
1988Hybodus Case and Schwimmer p. 291
1993Hybodus Biddle p. 196
1993Hybodus Delsate and Duffin p. 110
1995Hybodus Delsate and Godefroit p. 26
1999Hybodus Goodwin et al. p. 731
2001Hybodus Peng et al. p. 5
2002Hybodus Chhabra and Mishra p. 152
2002Hybodus Sepkoski, Jr.
2002Hybodus Underwood
2002Hybodus Underwood and Rees p. 88
2003Hybodus Delsate p. 4
2004Hybodus Yamagishi p. 568
2008Hybodus Rees and Underwood p. 120
2010Hybodus Ginter et al. p. 89
2010Hybodus Klug et al. p. 244
2013Hybodus Pla et al. p. 772
2019Hybodus Stumpf and Kriwet p. 640

References

Agassiz L. , Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome III (livr. 8-9). Imprimérie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel, viii-72
Agassiz L. , Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome III (livr. 15-16). Imprimérie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel, 157-390
Davis J. W. Notes on the fish-remains of the bone-bed at Aust, near Bristol; with the description of some new genera and species, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 37, 414-426
Bassani F. Sui fossili e sull'età degli schisti bituminosi triasici di Besano in Lombardia, Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali 29, 15-72
Woodward A. S. , Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History) Part 1, 1-613
Jaekel O. Über Hybodus Ag, Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1898, 135-146
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Jordan D. S. (1907) The fossil fishes of California, with supplementary notes on other species of extinct fishes, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 5 7, 95-144
Woodward A. S. (1916) The fossil fishes of the English Wealden and Purbeck Formations, Palaeontographical Society, London 1915, 1-48
Jordan D. S., Hanibal H. (1923) Fossil sharks and rays of the Pacific slope of North America, Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 22, 27-63
Young C.-C. (1940) Preliminary notes on the Lufeng vertebrate fossils, Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 20 3-4, 235-239
Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816
Tabaste N. (1963) Étude derestes de poissons du Crétacé saharien [Study of fish remains from the Saharan Cretaceous], Mélanges Ichthyologiques Dédiés à la Mémoire d’Achille Valenciennes (1794–1865). Mémoires de l’Institute Français d’Afrique Noire 68, 437-485
Gardiner B. G. (1966) Catalogue of Canadian fossil fishes, Life Sciences Contribution of the Royal Ontario Museum 68, 1-154
Thurmond J. T. (1971) Cartilaginous fishes of the Trinity Group and related rocks (Lower Cretaceous) of north central Texas, Southeastern Geology 13, 207-227
Herman J. (1975) Les Selaciens de sterrains neocretaces and paleocenes de Belgique and des contrees limitrophes Elements d'une biostratigraphie intercontinentale, Memoires pour servier a l'explications des Cartes geologiques et minieres de la Belgique 15, 1-401
Sahni A., Chhabra N. L. (1976) Microfish remains from certain Triassic Sections in the Kasmir and Kumaun Himalayas, Proceedings of the VI Indian Colloquium of Micropaleontology and Stratigraphy 6, 218-224
Case G. R. (1978) A new selachian fauna from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Montana, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 160 Lfg. 1-6, 176-205
Case G. R. (1979) Cretaceous selachians from the Peedee Formation (Late Maestrichtian) of Duplin County, North Carolina, Brimleyana 2, 77-89
Rieppel O. (1981) The Hybodontiform Sharks from the Middle Triassic of Mte. San Giorgio, Switzerland, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 161, 324-353
Maisey J. G. (1987) Cranial anatomy of the Lower Jurassic shark Hybodus reticulatus (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), with comments on hybodontid systematics, American Museum Novitates 2878, 1-19
Case G. R., Schwimmer D. R. (1988) Late Cretaceous Fish from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in Western Georgia, Journal of Paleontology 62 2, 290-301
Biddle J. P. (1993) Les Elasmobranches de l'Albien inferieur et moyen (Cretace inferieur) de la Marne et de la Haute-Marne (France), Belgian Geological Survey 264, 191-240
Delsate D., Duffin C. J. (1993) Chondrichthyens du Sinémurien de Belgique, Belgian Geological Survey, Professional Paper, Elasmobranches et Stratigraphie 264, 103-136
Delsate D., Godefroit P. (1995) Chondrichtyens du Toarcien inferieur d'Aubange (Lorraine belge), Belgian Geological Survey, Professional Paper, Elasmobranches et Stratigraphie 278 1994, 23-43
Goodwin M. B., Clemens W. A., et al (1999) Mesozoic continental vertebrates with associated palynostratigraphic dates from the northwestern Ethiopian plateau, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 4, 728-741
Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54
Chhabra N. L., Mishra V. P. (2002) Middle Triassic fish teeth from the Kalapani Limestone of Malla Johar, Chamoli District (Uttaranchal) 47, 151-155
Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Underwood C. J. (2002) Sharks, rays and a chimaeroid from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Ringstead, Southern England, Palaeontology 45 2, 297-325
Underwood C. J., Rees J. (2002) Selachian faunas from the lowermost Purbeck Group of Dorset, southern England, Special Papers in Palaeontology 68, 83-101
Delsate D. (2003) Une nouvelle faune des poissons et requins Toarciens du sud du Luxembourg (Dudelange) et de L'Allemange (Schömberg), Bulletin de l'Académie Lorrain des Sciences 42, 13-49
Yamagishi H. (2004) Elasmobranch remains from the Taho Limestone (Lower-Middle Triassic) of Ehime Prefecture, Southwest Japan, Mesozoic Fishes 3 - Systematics, Paleoenvironments and Biodiversity 3, 565-574
Rees J., Underwood C. (2008) Hybodont sharks of the English Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic), Palaeontology 51 1, 117-147
Ginter M., Hampe O., et al (2010) Chondrichthyes, Paleozoic Elasmobranchii: Teeth, Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3D, 1-168
Klug S., Tütken T., et al (2010) A Late Jurassic freshwater shark assemblage (Chondrichthyes, Hybodontiformes) from the southern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, northwest China, Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironments 90 3, 241-257 doi:10.1007/s12549-010-0032-2
Pla C., Márquez-Aliaga A., et al (2013) The Chondrichthyan Fauna from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian)of the Iberian Range (Spain), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33, 770-785
Stumpf S., Kriwet J. (2019) A new Pliensbachian elasmobranch (Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes) assemblage from Europe, and its contribution to the understanding of late Early Jurassic elasmobranch diversity and distributional patterns, PalZ 93, 637-658
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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