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Balaenoptera

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36678	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36678

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenopteridae : Balaenoptera

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Cetacea	Brisson 1762
-	Pelagiceti	Uhen 2008
-	Neoceti	Fordyce and de Muizon 2001
suborder	Mysticeti	Cope 1891
-	Chaeomysticeti
superfamily	Thalassotherii	Bisconti et al. 2013
family	Balaenopteridae	Gray 1864
genus	Balaenoptera	Lacépède 1804

Common Name

rorqual

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenina	stated without evidence	Gray, 1825
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Gray, 1846
Balaenoptera	subgenus	belongs to Balaena	stated without evidence	Reichenbach, 1846
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Gray, 1850
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Gray, 1864
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Flower, 1865
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Gray, 1866
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Cope, 1867
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Flower, 1867
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Cope, 1868
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Gray, 1868
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Scammon and Cope, 1869
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Gill, 1871
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Mysticeti	stated without evidence	Deperet, 1887
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Ameghino, 1889
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	implied	Newton, 1891
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Cope, 1895
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Flores, 1895
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Trouessart, 1898
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Trouessart, 1904
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Turner, 1912
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Mysticeti	stated without evidence	True, 1912
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Miller, 1923
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Zittel, 1925
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1930
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Kellogg, 1944
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Fraser and Purves, 1960
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Scheffer and Rice, 1963
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Vidal, 1991
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Rice, 1998
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Cetacea	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Geisler and Sanders, 2003
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Bouetel and Muizon, 2006
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Steeman, 2007
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopterinae	stated without evidence	Bisconti, 2008
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Fordyce and Roberts, 2009
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated with evidence	Gol'din and Steeman, 2015
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Boessenecker and Fordyce, 2015
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated with evidence	Marx et al., 2016
Balaenoptera	genus	belongs to Balaenopteridae	stated without evidence	Berta, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

10 (67%)

First Recorded Appearance

16.0 - 13.8 Ma
Miocene

Environment

marine (based on Mysticeti)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Cetacea)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Balaenopteridae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Cetacea)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Cetacea)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Mysticeti)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

B. Lacépède. 1804. Histoire Naturelle des Cetacees

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Balaenoptera acutorostrata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Minke Whale	23	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Balaenoptera bertae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	7.25 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Balaenoptera bonaerensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Balaenoptera borealis species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Sei Whale	8	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Balaenoptera brydei species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Bryde's Whale			0 Ma Extant
Eschrichtius cephalus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Balaenoptera davidsonii ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Balaenoptera edeni species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eden's Whale	2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Balaenoptera musculus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Blue Whale	12	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Balaenoptera omurai species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Balaenoptera physalus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Fin Whale	19	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Balaenoptera siberi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	11.6 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Balaenoptera sursiplana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1804	Balaenoptera Lacépède
1821	Physalus Gray p. 310
1822	Physalis Fleming p. 206
1825	Balaenoptera Gray p. 340
1825	Physalus Gray p. 340
1830	Mysticetus Wagler p. 33
1836	Rorqualus Cuvier p. 303
1842	Rorqualus De Kay p. 129
1846	Balaenoptera Gray p. 18
1846	Balaenoptera fasciata Gray p. 20
1846	Balaena (Balaenoptera) Reichenbach p. 784
1849	Pterobalaena Eschricht
1850	Balaenoptera Gray p. 31
1850	Physalus Gray p. 34
1850	Physalus (Rorqualus) Gray p. 41
1853	Rorqualus Pictet p. 387
1863	Balaenoptera Gray p. 199
1864	Benedenia Gray p. 211
1864	Physalus Gray p. 215
1864	Sibbaldus Gray p. 222
1864	Balaenoptera Gray p. 226
1865	Physalus Flower p. 392
1865	Sibbaldius Flower p. 392
1865	Sibbaldus Flower p. 392 figs. Figures 16-18
1865	Balaenoptera Flower p. 393
1866	Benedenia Gray p. 135
1866	Physalus Gray p. 139
1866	Cuvierius Gray p. 164
1866	Sibbaldius Gray p. 169
1866	Sibbaldius (Rudolphius) Gray p. 170
1866	Balaenoptera Gray p. 186
1867	Balaenoptera Cope p. 144
1867	Balaenoptera Flower p. 115
1867	Physalus Flower p. 115
1867	Sibbaldus Flower p. 115
1868	Balaenoptera Cope p. 193
1868	Sibbaldus Cope p. 193
1868	Benedenia Gray p. 2
1868	Cuvierius Gray p. 2
1868	Physalus Gray p. 2
1868	Balaenoptera Gray p. 3
1868	Rudolphius Gray p. 3
1868	Sibbaldius Gray p. 3
1868	Swinhoia Gray p. 3
1869	Balaenoptera Scammon and Cope p. 15
1869	Sibbaldius Scammon and Cope p. 15
1871	Balaenoptera Gill p. 126
1871	Physalus Gill p. 126
1871	Sibbaldus Gill p. 126
1873	Balaenoptera Brandt p. 33
1874	Balaenoptera Brandt p. I
1874	Stenobalaena Gray p. 305
1887	Balaenoptera Deperet p. 273
1887	Balaenoptera Lydekker p. 34
1888	Balaenoptera andrejewi Anonymous
1888	Balaenoptera grimmi Anonymous
1889	Balaenoptera Ameghino p. 889
1890	Balaenoptera Cope p. 612
1891	Balaenoptera Newton p. 61
1895	Balaenoptera Cope p. 151
1895	Balaenoptera Flores p. 14
1898	Balaenoptera Trouessart p. 1077

Year	Name and Author
1902	Balaenoptera Hay p. 600
1904	Balaenoptera Case p. 54
1904	Balaenoptera Palmer p. 132
1904	Benedenia Palmer p. 136
1904	Mysticetus Palmer p. 444
1904	Physalus Palmer p. 536
1904	Pterobalaena Palmer p. 595
1904	Rudolphius Palmer p. 613
1904	Sibbaldus Palmer p. 630
1904	Balaenoptera Trouessart p. 782
1904	Balaenoptera andrejewi Trouessart p. 783
1904	Balaenoptera grimmi Trouessart p. 783
1912	Balaenoptera True p. 3
1912	Balaenoptera Turner p. 31
1923	Balaenoptera Miller p. 40
1923	Sibbaldus Miller p. 40
1924	Balaenoptera ryani Hanna and McLellan pp. 238-240 figs. 5-9
1925	Balaenoptera Zittel p. 88
1928	Balaenoptera Kellogg p. 35 figs. Table 1
1928	Balaenoptera Weber p. 389
1929	Balaenoptera Dal Piaz
1930	Balaenoptera Hay p. 574
1930	Balaenoptera ryani Hay p. 575
1938	Balaenoptera ryani Abel p. 9
1944	Balaenoptera Kellogg p. 459
1945	Balaenoptera Simpson p. 105
1945	Sibbaldus Simpson p. 105
1951	Balaenoptera Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott p. 714
1952	Balaenoptera Sherman p. 99
1960	Balaenoptera Fraser and Purves p. 112 figs. Figure 26
1963	Balaenoptera Scheffer and Rice p. 9
1977	Balaenoptera Barnes p. 331
1986	Balaenoptera Deméré p. 280
1987	Balaenoptera Pilleri p. 77
1988	Balaenoptera Carroll
1991	Balaenoptera Vidal p. 6
1997	Balaenoptera McKenna and Bell p. 377
1998	Balaenoptera Rice p. 69
1999	Balaenoptera Bergqvist et al. p. 31
2002	Balaenoptera Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Balaenoptera Geisler and Sanders p. 27
2003	Balaenoptera Tanaka and Taruno p. 4
2005	Balaenoptera Deméré et al. p. 105 figs. Table II
2005	Balaenoptera Mead and Brownell p. 724
2006	Balaenoptera Bouetel and Muizon p. 386
2007	Balaenoptera Steeman p. 880
2008	Balaenoptera Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 5
2008	Balaenoptera Bisconti p. 174
2008	Balaenoptera Uhen et al. p. 619
2008	Balaenoptera ryani Uhen et al. p. 619
2008	Balaenoptera Whitmore and Kaltenbach p. 243
2009	Balaenoptera Fordyce and Roberts p. 553
2011	Balaenoptera Ekdale et al. p. 39
2011	Balaenoptera Geisler et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1
2012	Pterobalaena Hassanin et al. p. 43 figs. Fig. 1
2012	Rorqualus Hassanin et al. p. 43 figs. Fig. 1
2015	Balaenoptera Boessenecker and Fordyce figs. Table 1
2015	Balaenoptera Gol'din and Steeman p. 13 figs. Figure 10
2015	Balaenoptera Marx and Fordyce p. 4 figs. Figure 2
2016	Balaenoptera Marx et al. p. 114
2017	Balaenoptera Berta p. 168

References

Lacépède B. , Histoire Naturelle des Cetacees

Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Gray J. E. On the cetaceous animals, The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Capt. Sir J. C. Ross, R. N., F. R. S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 & 2, 1-53

Gray J. E. , Catalogue of the Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum, with descriptions of all the species and figures of the genera. Part I. Cetacea, 1-153

Pictet F. -J. , Traité de Paléontologie ou Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Fossiles Considérés dans Leurs Rapports Zoologiques et Géologiques [Treatise of Paleontology or the Natural History of Fossil Animals Considered in their Zoological and Geological Relationships] 1, xiv-584

Gray J. E. On the Cetacea which have been observed in the seas surrounding the British Islands, Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, 195-248

Flower W. H. Notes on the skeletons of whales in the principal museums of Holland and Belgium, with descriptions of two species apparently new to Science 1864, 384-420

Gray J. E. , Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum, 1-402

Cope E. D. An addition to the vertebrate fauna of the Miocene period, with a synopsis of the extinct Cetacea of the United States, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19 4, 138-157

Flower W. H. Description of the skeleton of Inia geoffrensis and the skull of Pontoporia blainvillii, with remarks on the systematic position of these animals in the Order Cetacea, Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 6, 87-116

Cope E. D. Second contribution to the history of the Vertebrata of the Miocene period of the United States, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1868, 184-194

Gray J. E. , Synopsis of the species of whales and dolphins in the Collection of the British Museum, 1-10

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Gill T. Synopsis of the primary subdivisions of the cetaceans, Communications of the Essex Institute 6, 121-126

Brandt J. F. Untersuchungen über die fossilen und subfossilen cetaceen Europa's, Mémoires de L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg, Series 7 20 1, 1-372

Brandt J. F. Ergänzungen zu den Fossilen Cetaceen Europa's, Mémoires de L'Academie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg, VIIE Série 21 6, 1-54

Deperet C. Vertebres Miocenes de la vallee du Rhone, Archives du Museum d'histoire Naturelle de Lyon 4, 42-291

Lydekker R. , Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History) 5, 1-345

Ameghino F. Contribución al conocimiento de los mamíferos fósiles de la República Argentina [Contribution to the knowledge of the fossil mammals of the Argentine Republic], Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina en Córdoba 6, xxxii-1027

Newton E. T. The vertebrata of the Pliocene deposits of Britain, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, 1-137

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Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

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Palmer T. S. (1904) Index generum mammalium: a list of the genera and families of mammals, North American Fauna 23, 1-984

Trouessart E. L. (1904) , Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition, 1-929

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Hay O. P. (1930) Second Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington 390 II, 1-1074

Abel O. (1938) Vorlaeufige mitteilungen ueber die revision der fossilen mystacoceten aus dem Tertiaer Belgiens, Bulletin du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique 14 1, 1-34

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Ellerman J. R., Morrisson-Scott T. C. S. (1951) , Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946, 1-810

Sherman H. B. (1952) A list and bibliography of the mammals of Florida, living and extinct, Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 15 2, 86-126

Fraser F. C., Purves P. E. (1960) Hearing in Cetaceans, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 7 1, 1-140

Scheffer V. B., Rice D. W. (1963) A list of the marine mammals of the world, United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 431, 1-12

Barnes L. G. (1977) Outline of eastern North Pacific fossil cetacean assemblages, Systematic Zoology 25 4, 321-343

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Geisler J. H., McGowen M. R., et al (2011) A supermatrix analysis of genomic, morphological, and paleontological data from crown Cetacea, BMC Evolutionary Biology 11 112, 1-33

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Boessenecker R. W., Fordyce R. E. (2015) A new genus and species of eomysticetid (Cetacea: Mysticeti) and a reinterpretation of ‘Mauicetus’ lophocephalus Marples, 1956: Transitional baleen whales from the upper Oligocene of New Zealand, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society doi:10.1111/zoj.12297

Gol'din P., Steeman M. E. (2015) From problem taxa to problem solver: A new Miocene family, Tranatocetidae, brings perspective on baleen whale evolution, PLoS One 10 9, e0135500 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135500

Marx F. G., Fordyce R. E. (2015) Baleen boom and bust: a synthesis of mysticete phylogeny, diversity and disparity, Royal Society Open Science 2, 140434 doi:10.1098/rsos.140434

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Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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