| Source Data | |
|---|
| Rank | genus (PBDB) |
|---|
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Ceratopsidae : Pentaceratops |
|---|
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
|---|
| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
|---|
| Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsia | stated without evidence | Osborn, 1923 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsinae | stated with evidence | Nopcsa, 1928 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | stated without evidence | Russell, 1930 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | stated with evidence | Lull, 1933 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | stated without evidence | Gilmore, 1935 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsinae | stated without evidence | Huene, 1950 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | implied | Romer, 1956 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | stated without evidence | Huene, 1959 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsinae | stated with evidence | Tatarinov, 1964 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | implied | Romer, 1966 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | stated without evidence | Swinton, 1970 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsia | stated without evidence | Rowe et al., 1981 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | stated without evidence | Lehman, 1981 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | stated with evidence | Ostrom and Wellnhofer, 1986 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | implied | Carroll, 1988 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated without evidence | Lehman, 1989 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated with evidence | Dodson and Currie, 1990 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated without evidence | Lehman, 1990 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated with evidence | Lehman, 1996 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Ceratopsidae | stated without evidence | Ryan, 1997 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated without evidence | Dodson, 1997 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated with evidence | Dodson et al., 2004 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated without evidence | Farke, 2004 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated with evidence | Longrich, 2010 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated without evidence | Ryan et al., 2010 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated with evidence | Farke et al., 2011 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated without evidence | Farke, 2011 | | Pentaceratops | genus | belongs to Chasmosaurinae | stated with evidence | Longrich, 2014 |
|
|---|
| Status (PBDB) | extinct |
|---|
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 2 |
|---|
| First Recorded Appearance | 83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous |
|---|
| Last Recorded Appearance | 70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous |
|---|
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Ceratopsia) |
|---|
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Ornithischia) |
|---|
| Diet | herbivore (based on Ceratopsia) |
|---|
| Reproduction | oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia) |
|---|
| Ontogeny | accretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia) |
|---|
| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia) |
|---|
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | H. F. Osborn. 1923. A new genus and species of Ceratopsia from New Mexico, Pentaceratops sternbergii. American Museum Novitates 93:1-3 |
|---|
| Osborn H. F. (1923) A new genus and species of Ceratopsia from New Mexico, Pentaceratops sternbergii, American Museum Novitates 93, 1-3 |
| Nopcsa B. F. (1928) The genera of reptiles, Palaeobiologica 1, 163-188 |
| Lull R. S. (1933) A revision of the Ceratopsia or horned dinosaurs, Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 3 3, 1-175 |
| Gilmore C. W. (1935) On the Reptilia of the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico, with descriptions of new species of fossil turtles, Proceedings of the United States National Museum 83 2978, 159-188 |
| Sternberg C. M. (1949) The Edmonton fauna and description of a new Triceratops from the Upper Edmonton Member: phylogeny of the Ceratopsidae, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 113, 33-46 |
| Huene F. v. (1950) Bemerkungen zu einem fremdartigen neuen Ceratopsiden [Remarks on an unusual new ceratopsid], Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte 1950, 347-351 |
| Romer A. S. (1956) , Osteology of the Reptiles, University of Chicago Press, 1-772 |
| Tatarinov L. P. (1964) Nadotryad Dinosauria. Dinozavry [Superorder Dinosauria. Dinosaurs], Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Paleontology] 12, 523-589 |
| Romer A. S. (1966) , Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd edition, 1-468 |
| Swinton W. E. (1970) , The Dinosaurs, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1-331 |
| Lehman T. M. (1981) The Alamo Wash local fauna: a new look at the old Ojo Alamo fauna, Advances in San Juan Basin Paleontology. New Mexico University Press, Albuquerque, 189-221 |
| Rage J.-C. (1981) Les continents péri-atlantiques au Crétacé Supérieur: migrations des faunes continentales et problèmes paléogéographiques [The peri-Atlantic continents of the Upper Cretaceous: migrations of continental faunas and paleogeographic problems], Cretaceous Research 2, 65-84 |
| Rowe T., Colbert E. H., et al (1981) The occurrence of Pentaceratops (Ornithischia: Ceratopsia) with a description of its frill, Advances in San Juan Basin Paleontology, S. G. Lucas, J. K. Rigby Jr., and B. S. Kues (eds.), University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 29-48 |
| Russell D. A. (1984) A check list of the families and genera of North American dinosaurs, Syllogeus 53, 1-35 |
| Ostrom J. H., Wellnhofer P. (1986) The Munich specimen of Triceratops with a revision of the genus, Zitteliana 14, 111-158 |
| Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698 |
| Lehman T. M. (1989) Chasmosaurus mariscalensis, sp. nov., a new ceratopsian dinosaur from Texas, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 2, 137-162 |
| Dodson P., Currie P. J. (1990) Neoceratopsia, The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, 593-618 |
| Lehman T. M. (1993) New data on the ceratopsian dinosaur Pentaceratops sternbergii Osborn from New Mexico, Journal of Paleontology 67 2, 279-288 |
| Lehman T. M. (1996) A horned dinosaur from the El Picacho Formation of West Texas, and review of ceratopsian dinosaurs from the American Southwest, Journal of Paleontology 70 3, 494-508 |
| Ryan M. J. (1997) Fruitland Formation, Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, 256-257 |
| Lehman T. M. (1998) A gigantic skull and skeleton of the horned dinosaur Pentaceratops sternbergi from New Mexico, Journal of Paleontology 72 5, 894-906 |
| Dodson P., Forster C. A., et al (2004) Ceratopsidae, In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson & H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 494-513 |
| Farke A. A. (2004) Ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Almond Formation of southwestern Wyoming, Rocky Mountain Geology 39 1, 1-5 |
| Diem S., Archibald J. D. (2005) Range extension of southern chasmosaurine ceratopsian dinosaurs into northwestern Colorado, Journal of Paleontology 79 2, 251-258 |
| Lucas S. G., Sullivan R. M., et al (2006) Re-evaluation of Pentaceratops and Chasmosaurus (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) in the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior, Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35, 367-370 |
| Ryan M. J. (2007) A new basal centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Oldman Formation, southeastern Alberta, Journal of Paleontology 81 2, 376-396 |
| Wu X.-C., Brinkman D. B., et al (2007) A new ceratopsid dinosaur (Ornithischia) from the uppermost Horseshoe Canyon Formation (upper Maastrichtian), Alberta, Canada, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, 1243-1265 doi:10.1139/E07-011 |
| Hunt R. K., Lehman T. M. (2008) Attributes of the ceratopsian dinosaur Torosaurus, and new material from the Javelina Formation (Maastrichtian) of Texas, Journal of Paleontology 82 6, 1127-1138 |
| Longrich N. R. (2010) Mojoceratops perifania, a new chasmosaurine ceratopsid from the late Campanian of western Canada, Journal of Paleontology 84 4, 681-694 doi:10.1666/09-114.1 |
| Ryan M. J., Russell A. P., et al (2010) A new chasmosaurine ceratopsid from the Judith River Formation, Montana, New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 181-188 |
| Xu X., Wang K.-B., et al (2010) First ceratopsid dinosaur from China and its biogeographical implications, Chinese Science Bulletin 55 16, 1631-1635 doi:10.1007/s11434-009-3614-5 |
| Farke A. A., Ryan M. J., et al (2011) A new centrosaurine from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and the evolution of parietal ornamentation in horned dinosaurs, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 4, 691-702 doi:10.4202/app.2010.0121 |
| Longrich N. R. (2014) The horned dinosaurs Pentaceratops and Kosmoceratops from the upper Campanian of Alberta and implications for dinosaur biogeography, Cretaceous Research 51, 292-308 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.06.011 |
| Evans D. C., Ryan M. J. (2015) Cranial anatomy of Wendiceratops pinhornensis gen. et sp. nov., a centrosaurine ceratopsid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Oldman Formation (Campanian), Alberta, Canada, and the evolution of ceratopsid nasal ornamentation, PLoS ONE 10 7, e0130007 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130007 |
Pentaceratops ✝
