Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Talpidae

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40398	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40398

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lipotyphla : Talpidae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
order	Lipotyphla	Haeckel 1866
family	Talpidae	(Fischer de Waldheim 1817)

Common Name

mole

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Talpidae	family	belongs to Ferae	stated without evidence	Gray, 1825
Talpidae	family	belongs to Bestiae	stated without evidence	Bonaparte, 1850
Talpidae	family	belongs to Soricoidea	stated without evidence	Schlosser, 1877
Talpidae	family	belongs to Insectivora	stated without evidence	Flower, 1883
Talpidae	family	belongs to Soricomorpha	stated without evidence	Gregory, 1910
Talpidae	family	belongs to Lipotyphla	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Talpidae	family	belongs to Insectivora	stated without evidence	Sherman, 1952
Talpidae	tribe	belongs to Talpinae	stated without evidence	Van Valen, 1967
Talpidae	family	belongs to Insectivora	stated without evidence	Kurten and Anderson, 1980
Talpidae	family	belongs to Talpoidea	stated with evidence	Barnosky, 1981
Talpidae	family	belongs to Soricomorpha	stated without evidence	Carroll, 1988
Talpidae	family	belongs to Insectivora	implied	Nowak, 1991
Talpidae	family	belongs to Talpoidea	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Talpidae	family	belongs to Eulipotyphla	stated without evidence	Madsen et al., 2001
Talpidae	family	belongs to Eulipotyphla	stated with evidence	Douady et al., 2002
Talpidae	family	belongs to Lipotyphla	stated with evidence	Asher et al., 2005
Talpidae	family	belongs to Soricomorpha	stated without evidence	Bendukidze et al., 2009
Talpidae	family	belongs to Lipotyphla	stated without evidence	Asher and Helgen, 2010
Talpidae	family	belongs to Lipotyphla	implied	Vianey-Liaud et al., 2014
Talpidae	family	belongs to Lipotyphla	stated without evidence	Korth and Evander, 2016

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

222

Extant Size (PBDB)

41 (18%)

First Recorded Appearance

41.3 - 38.0 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Talpidae)

Ecospace Comments

life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Desmaninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		99	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Proscalopinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		2	33.3 Ma Oligocene	33.3 Ma Oligocene
Suleimaninae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Talpinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		201	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Uropsilinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		53	28.4 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Chrysochlorina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Soricina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Talpina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Tenrecina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Tupaina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Achlyoscapter ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	16.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Asthenoscapter ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	28.4 Ma Oligocene	22.4 Ma Miocene
Condylura genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Star-nosed Mole	13	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Desmana genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Russian Desman	64	8.70 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Desmanodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	28.4 Ma Oligocene	12.8 Ma Miocene
Domninoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		50	23.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Eotalpa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	41.3 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Galeospalax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Scalopus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	10.3 Ma Miocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Hugueneya ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	28.4 Ma Oligocene	22.4 Ma Miocene
Hyporyssus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lemoynea ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	13.6 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Mogera genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Mongolopala ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Mystipterus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		27	30.8 Ma Oligocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Neurotrichus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Shrew Mole	3	10.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Oreotalpa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Parascalops genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	10.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Quadrodens ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	30.8 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Scalopus genus	listed (PBDB)		55	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Scapanoscapter ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Scapanus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		52	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Scaptochirus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Short-faced Mole	2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Scaptogale ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Talpa genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		234	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Tegulariscaptor ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1817	Talpini Fischer de Waldheim
1821	Myaladae Gray
1825	Talpidae Gray p. 339
1850	Talpidae Bonaparte p. 1
1877	Talpidae Schlosser p. 89
1883	Talpidae Flower p. 186
1889	Talpidae Cope p. 876
1891	Talpidae Flower and Lydekker p. 92
1901	Talpidae Matthew
1902	Talpidae Hay p. 737
1910	Talpidae Gregory p. 465
1911	Talpidae Jaekel p. 210
1952	Talpidae Sherman p. 87
1966	Talpidae Johnson p. 80

Year	Name and Author
1967	Talpini Van Valen
1980	Talpidae Kurten and Anderson p. 113
1981	Talpidae Barnosky p. 288
1988	Talpidae Carroll
1991	Talpidae Nowak
1997	Talpidae McKenna and Bell p. 279
2001	Talpidae Madsen et al. p. 611
2002	Talpidae Douady et al. p. 204
2005	Talpidae Asher et al. p. 920
2009	Talpidae Bendukidze et al. p. 345
2010	Talpidae Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. FIgure 1
2014	Talpidae Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 576
2016	Talpidae Korth and Evander

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1

Schlosser M. Die Affen, Lemuren, Chiropteren, Insectivoren, Marsupialier, Creodonten und Carnivoren des Europaischen Tertiars, Beitrage zur Paleontologie Osterreich-Ungarns un des Orients 6, 1-224

Flower W. H. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, 178-186

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29

Matthew W. D. (1901) Fossil mammals of the Tertiary of northeastern Colorado: Ameican Museum collection of 1898, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1 7, 353-447

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Gregory W. K. (1910) The orders of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 27, 1-524

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Sherman H. B. (1952) A list and bibliography of the mammals of Florida, living and extinct, Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 15 2, 86-126

Johnson G. D. (1966) Small mammals of the Middle Oligocene of the Big Badlands of South Dakota, Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 45, 78-83

Van Valen L. (1967) New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135 5, 217-284

Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442

Barnosky A. D. (1981) A skeleton of Mesoscalops (Mammalia, Insectivora) from the Miocene Deep River Formation, Montana, and a review of the proscalopid moles: evolutionary, functional, and stratigraphic relationships, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1 3-4, 285-339

Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Asher R. J., Emry R. J., et al (2005) New material of Centetodon (Mammalia, Lipotyphla) and the importance of (missing) DNA sequences in systematic paleontology, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 4, 911-923

Bendukidze O. G., de Bruijn H., et al (2009) A revision of Late Oligocene associations of small mammals from the Aral Formation (Kazakhstan) in the National Museum of Georgia, Tbilisi, Palaeodiversity 2, 343-377

Asher R. J., Helgen K. M. (2010) Nomenclature and placental mammal phylogeny, BMC Evolutionary BIology 10 102, 1-9

Vianey-Liaud M., Comte B., et al (2014) A new early late Oligocene (MP 26) continental vertebrate fauna from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux (Alès Basin, Gard, Southern France), Geodiversitas 36 4, 565-622 doi:10.5252/g2014n4a4

Korth W. W., Evander R. L. (2016) Lipotyphla, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia (Mammalia) from Observation Quarry, Earliest Barstovian (Miocene), Dawes County, Nebraska, Annals of Carnegie Museum 83 3, 219-254 doi:10.2992/007.083.0301

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Synonymy List References

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 25, 2024 22:52:33

Go to top of page