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Coulsonite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Coulsonite (8)

Coulsonite Gallery Search Photos of Coulsonite

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Coulsonite

Bihar, India

Coulsonite, etc.

Pyrrhotite gorge, Lovchorr Mt, Khibiny Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Coulsonite, etc.

Buena Vista Iron Mine, Mineral Basin Mining District, Churchill County, Nevada, USA

Coulsonite

Bihar, India

Coulsonite, etc.

Pyrrhotite gorge, Lovchorr Mt, Khibiny Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Coulsonite, etc.

Buena Vista Iron Mine, Mineral Basin Mining District, Churchill County, Nevada, USA

Coulsonite

Bihar, India

Coulsonite, etc.

Pyrrhotite gorge, Lovchorr Mt, Khibiny Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

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About CoulsoniteHide

Arthur L. Coulson

Formula:

Fe²⁺V³⁺₂O₄

Hardness:

4½ - 5

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Spinel Subgroup > Oxyspinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Name:

Named in honor of Dr. Arthur Lennox Coulson (25 January 1898, Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia - 1955, Melbourne, Australia), Geological Survey of India.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Buena Vista Iron Mine, Mineral Basin Mining District, Churchill County, Nevada, USA

Initially described from Bihar, India in 1936 as vanado-magnetite, renamed the following year as coulsonite (these specimens contain up to 4.84% vanadium). Species was redefined in 1962 on Nevada material.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1142

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1142:2

GUID
(UUID V4):

93509710-12d3-4df7-a2d2-eb702cc4a073

IMA Classification of CoulsoniteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of CoulsoniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2023):

4.BB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations

Dana 8th ed.:

7.2.4.2

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB₂X₄

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.12.19

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
12 : Oxides of V, Nb and Ta

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Cou	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Cou	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of CoulsoniteHide

Hardness:

4½ - 5 on Mohs scale

Optical Data of CoulsoniteHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R
nm	6.64 (400%
nm	6.44 (420%
nm	6.28 (440%
nm	6.21 (460%
nm	6.18 (480%
nm	6.18 (500%
nm	6.23 (520%
nm	6.3 (540%
nm	6.38 (560%
nm	6.46 (580%
nm	6.54 (600%
nm	6.67 (620%
nm	6.83 (640%
nm	7.03 (660%
nm	7.26 (680%
nm	7.5 (700%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 7.5 (700%.

Comments:

Isotropic, but locally slightly anisotropic.

The type description gives a higher reflectivity, with a mean value of ~23.5%.

Chemistry of CoulsoniteHide

Mindat Formula:

Fe²⁺V³⁺₂O₄

Elements listed:

Fe, O, V - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of CoulsoniteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.297 Å, b = 2 Å

Unit Cell V:

571.17 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

As subhedral crystals, less than 1 mm in size. Also as exsolution lamellae along
{111} in magnetite.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0015774	Coulsonite	Reuter B, Riedel E, Hug P, Arndt D, Geisler U, Behnke J (1969) Zur kristallchemie der vanadin(III)-spinelle Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 369 306-312		1969		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Coulsonite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Reuter B'
'Riedel E'
'Hug P'
'Arndt D'
'Geisler U'
'Behnke J'
_journal_name_full 'Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie'
_journal_volume 369 
_journal_year 1969
_journal_page_first 306
_journal_page_last 312
_publ_section_title
;
 Zur kristallchemie der vanadin(III)-spinelle
;
_database_code_amcsd 0015774
_chemical_formula_sum 'Fe V2 O4'
_cell_length_a 8.453
_cell_length_b 8.453
_cell_length_c 8.453
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 603.994
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.877
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Fe   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
V   0.62500   0.62500   0.62500
O   0.38600   0.38600   0.38600

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.50 Å	(100)
1.466 Å	(95)
1.597 Å	(91)
2.07 Å	(78)
2.93 Å	(58)
4.79 Å	(35)
1.693 Å	(28)

Comments:

Buena Vista Hills, Nevada, USA. Data from Radtke (1962).

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration	4.566-4.550
6 : Secondary asteroid phases	4.566-4.560
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Type Occurrence of CoulsoniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Buena Vista Iron Mine, Mineral Basin Mining District, Churchill County, Nevada, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

Occurs along octahedral planes in magnetite and less commonly as subhedral isolated crystals.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Metamorphosed igneous rocks. Hornblende andesite.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Titanite	Scapolite	Pyroxene Group	Muscovite	Magnetite
Hornblende	Chlorite Group	Apatite	Amphibole Supergroup

Other Language Names for CoulsoniteHide

German:Coulsonit

Russian:Кулсонит

Simplified Chinese:钒磁铁矿

Spanish:Coulsonita

Relationship of Coulsonite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Spinel Subgroup > Oxyspinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Other Members of this group:

Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Cochromite	CoCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Cuprospinel	Cu²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
Dellagiustaite	V²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Deltalumite	(Al_0.67◻_0.33)Al₂O₄	Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
Franklinite	Zn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Galaxite	Mn²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Guite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂O₄	Iso.
Hausmannite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Hetaerolite	ZnMn₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
Jacobsite	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Jacobsite-Q	Mn²⁺(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
Maghemite	(Fe³⁺_0.67◻_0.33)Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. 4 3 2 : P4₁ 3 2
Magnesiochromite	MgCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Magnesiocoulsonite	MgV₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
Magnesioferrite	MgFe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Manganochromite	Mn²⁺Cr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Nichromite	(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Spinel	MgAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Thermaerogenite	CuAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Titanomaghemite	(Ti⁴⁺_0.5◻_0.5)Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. 4 3 2 : P4₃ 3 2
Trevorite	Ni²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
UM1994-06-O:AlCo	CoAl₂O₄
Vuorelainenite	Mn²⁺V³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Zincochromite	ZnCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

5 photos of Coulsonite associated with Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
5 photos of Coulsonite associated with Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
4 photos of Coulsonite associated with Mukhinite	(CaCa)(AlAlV³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
2 photos of Coulsonite associated with Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
1 photo of Coulsonite associated with Scapolite

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.BB.	Elgoresyite	(Mg₅Si₂)O₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.BB.	Chenmingite	FeCr₂O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.	Dellagiustaite	V²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.	Thermaerogenite	CuAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.	Chukochenite	LiAl₅O₈	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
4.BB.	Garpenbergite	Mn₆◻AsSbO₁₀(OH)₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.	Magnéliite	Ti³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺₂O₇	Tric. 1 : P1
4.BB.	Jianmuite	ZrTi⁴⁺Ti³⁺₅Al₃O₁₆	Tet. 4 : I4
4.BB.05	Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Cochromite	CoCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Cuprospinel	Cu²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.BB.05	Filipstadite	(Fe³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mn₂O₄	Iso.
4.BB.05	Franklinite	Zn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Galaxite	Mn²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Jacobsite	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Manganochromite	Mn²⁺Cr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Magnesiocoulsonite	MgV₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.BB.05	Magnesiochromite	MgCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Magnesioferrite	MgFe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Nichromite	(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Qandilite	(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Trevorite	Ni²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Ulvöspinel	TiFe²⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Vuorelainenite	Mn²⁺V³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Zincochromite	ZnCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Harmunite	CaFe₂O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
4.BB.05	Wernerkrauseite	Ca(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)₂Mn⁴⁺O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.05	Deltalumite	(Al_0.67◻_0.33)Al₂O₄	Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
4.BB.05	Guite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂O₄	Iso.
4.BB.10	Hausmannite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
4.BB.10	Hetaerolite	ZnMn₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
4.BB.10	Manganostibite	(Mn,Fe)₇SbAsO₁₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.15	Maghemite	(Fe³⁺_0.67◻_0.33)Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. 4 3 2 : P4₁ 3 2
4.BB.15	Titanomaghemite	(Ti⁴⁺_0.5◻_0.5)Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. 4 3 2 : P4₃ 3 2
4.BB.20	Tegengrenite	(Mn³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mg₂O₄	Trig. 3 : R3
4.BB.25	Xieite	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.30	Carmeltazite	ZrAl₂Ti₄O₁₁	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.35	Feiite	Fe²⁺₂(Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺)O₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.BB.40	Maohokite	MgFe₂O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.45	Tschaunerite	(Fe²⁺)(Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺)O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CoulsoniteHide

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References for CoulsoniteHide

Reference List:

Dunn, J.A. (1937) Coulsonite. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India: 69: 21-21.

Dunn and Dey (1937) Mining Geol. Institute of India, Transactions: 31: 131.

Wyckoff, R.W.G. (1951) Crystal Structures, Vol 2. New York: Interscience Publishers, pg 43.

Richardson, H.M., Ball, F., Rigby, G.R. (1954) The preparation and properties of vanadium spinels. Transactions of the British Ceramic Society, 53, 376-387.

Radtke, Arthur S. (1962) Coulsonite, FeV2O4, a spinel-type mineral from Lovelock, Nevada. American Mineralogist, 47 (11-12). 1284-1291

Fleischer, M. (1963) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 48: 433-437.

Reuter, B., Riedel, E., Hug, P., Arndt, D., Geisler, U., Behnke, J. (1969) Zur kristallchemie der vanadin(III)-spinelle. Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie: 369: 306-312.

Karpov, S.M., Voloshin, A.V., Savchenko, Y.E., Selivanova, E.A., Polekhovsky, Y.S. (2012) Coulsonite in the Pyrrhotite Canyon deposit (Kola peninsula): The first find in Russia. Doklady Earth Science, 446, 1064–1066. (in Russian)

Kompanchenko, A.A. (2020) Coulsonite FeV2O4—A Rare Vanadium Spinel Group Mineral in Metamorphosed Massive Sulfide Ores of the Kola Region, Russia. Minerals, 10, 843

Localities for CoulsoniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Finland
North Ostrobothnia Raahe ⓘ Vihanti deposit (Lampinsaari deposit; Isoaho deposit)	Sergeeva, N. E., Eremin, N. I., & Dergachev, A. L. (2011, February). Vanadium mineralization in ore of the Vihanti massive sulfide base-metal deposit, Finland. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 436, No. 2, pp. 210-212). SP MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica. *Kompanchenko, Alena, Voloshin, Anatoly, Balagansky, Victor (2018) Vanadium Mineralization in the Kola Region, Fennoscandian Shield. Minerals, 8 (11) 474 doi:10.3390/min8110474*

India
ⓘ Bihar	Dunn, J.A. (1937) Coulsonite. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India: 69: 21-21. Dunn and Dey (1937) Mining Geol. Institute of India, Transactions: 31: 131. *Radtke, Arthur S. (1962) Coulsonite, FeV2O4, a spinel-type mineral from Lovelock, Nevada. American Mineralogist, 47 (11-12). 1284-1291*
Rajasthan Bhilwara District ⓘ Rampura-Agucha Zn-(Pb) deposit	Reznitsky, L. Z. Sklyarov, E. V. Suvorova, L. F. Karmanov, N. S. Ushchapovskaya, Z. F. The Ras (2005): The chromite-coulsonite-magnetite solid solution: The first find of a rare variety of spinel in terrestrial rocks. Doklady Earth Sciences 404(7), 1121-1125. *Kompanchenko, Alena, Voloshin, Anatoly, Balagansky, Victor (2018) Vanadium Mineralization in the Kola Region, Fennoscandian Shield. Minerals, 8 (11) 474 doi:10.3390/min8110474*

Kazakhstan
Pavlodar Region Pavlodar ⓘ Efremovka meteorite	Brearley, A. J. & Jones, R. H. (1998). Chondritic Meteorites. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 3, 398 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998)

Mexico
Chihuahua Pueblito de Allende ⓘ Allende meteorite	Ma, C., Paque, J., & Tschauner, O. (2016, March). Discovery of Beckettite, Ca2V6Al6O20, a New Alteration Mineral in a V-Rich Ca-Al-Rich Inclusion from Allende. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 47, p. 1704). Ma, C. (2018). Discovery of meteoritic baghdadite, Ca_3 (Zr, Ti) Si_2O_9, in Allende: The first solar silicate with structurally essential zirconium?. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 53(S1), 6358.

Mozambique
Zambezia Province Alto Mólocuè District ⓘ Namacotche LCT pegmatites	Gomes, C. A. L., & Neiva, A. M. (2022). Tourmalines in the Namacotche Li-Cs-Ta granitic pegmatite group, Mozambique: crystal chemistry and origin. Cadernos do Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe. Revista de Xeoloxía Galega e do Hercínico Peninsular, 44, 132-153.

Portugal
Portalegre Alter do Chão ⓘ Cabeço de Vide ultramafic complex	Dias, P. S. A., Gomes, C. L., Castelo Branco, J. M., & Pinto, Z. (2006). Localização paragenética de paládio e platina em rochas máficas e ultramáficas de Cabeço de Vide–Complexo Ígneo de Alter do Chão.

Russia
Amur Oblast Dambuki ore cluster ⓘ Strelka U ore occurrence	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data
Irkutsk Oblast Lake Baikal area Slyudyanka ⓘ Pereval marble quarry	Reznitsky, L. Z., Sklyarov, E. V., Armbruster, T., Suvorova, L. F., Uschapovskaya, Z. F., Kanakin, S. V. (2013) Kyzylkumite: a finding in the southern Baikal region, Russia and refinement of its crystal chemical formula. Geology of Ore Deposits, 55 (8). 676-685 doi:10.1134/s1075701513080114
Murmansk Oblast Khibiny Massif Lovchorr Mt ⓘ Pyrrhotite gorge	Karpov S.M., Voloshin A.V., Savchenko E.E., Selivanova E.A., Polekhovskii Yu.S. (2012) coulsonite in pyrrhotite gorge deposit (Kola peninsula): the first find in Russia, - Doklady RAN, 445/2, p. 1-3 (in Russ.) *Kompanchenko, Alena, Voloshin, Anatoly, Balagansky, Victor (2018) Vanadium Mineralization in the Kola Region, Fennoscandian Shield. Minerals, 8 (11) 474 doi:10.3390/min8110474* *Kompanchenko, Alena, Voloshin, Anatoly, Balagansky, Victor (2018) Vanadium Mineralization in the Kola Region, Fennoscandian Shield. Minerals, 8 (11) 474 doi:10.3390/min8110474*
Pechengsky District Pechenga Ni-Cu ore field ⓘ Bragino ore occurrence	Компанченко А.А., Волошин А.В., Базай А.В. Ванадиевая минерализация в колчеданных проявлениях - новый тип для Южно-Печенгской структурной зоны, Кольский регион, - Месторождения стратегических металлов: закономерности размещения, источники вещества, условия и механизмы образования. Всероссийская конференция, посвящённая 85-летию ИГЕМ РАН.Москва, 25-27 ноября 2015 г. Материалы докладов. М.: ИГЕМ РАН, 2015. 336 с. Kompanchenko, A. A., Voloshin, A. V. E., & Bazai, A. V. (2019). Mineral composition of paleoproterozoic metamorphosed massive sulfide ore in the Kola Region (a case study of the Bragino Occurrence, South Pechenga). Zapiski RMO (Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society), 148(5), 74-88.

Spain
Catalonia Tarragona Conca de Barberà Vimbodí i Poblet Poblet Monastery ⓘ Coma Fosca	C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595
ⓘ Roca de Ponent	C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595
ⓘ Sant Miquel	C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595

Switzerland
Valais Goms Binn Fäld ⓘ Lengenbach Quarry	Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 123.

USA
Alaska Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area Innoko Mining District ⓘ Colorado Creek Mine	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Colorado Creek Mines	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
California Fresno County Archer Camp ⓘ Unnamed V-Fe occurrence [1]	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 152. *Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.*
Nevada Churchill County Mineral Basin Mining District ⓘ Buena Vista Iron Mine (TL)	Am Min 47:1284-1291
Pershing County Mineral Basin Mining District ⓘ Buena Vista Hills	*Castor, Stephen B., Ferdock, Gregory C. (2004) Minerals of Nevada. Special Publication* 31. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology**

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Coulsonite

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