Tsumgallite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tsumgallite
Formula:
GaO(OH)
Colour:
Pale greenish yellow to beige
Lustre:
Pearly
Hardness:
1 - 2
Specific Gravity:
5.08 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named for the type locality, the TSUMcor Mine, Tsumeb, Namibia, and the chemical composition, which contains GALLium.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
11481
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:11481:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
e5751b7d-4a68-4ffb-8ea0-24b35cb7c178
IMA Classification of Tsumgallite
Approved
Approval year:
2002
First published:
2003
Classification of Tsumgallite
4.FD.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
D : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
D : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Tgl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tsumgallite
Pearly
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Pale greenish yellow to beige
Streak:
white
Hardness:
1 - 2 on Mohs scale
Comment:
Soft
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {010}
on {010}
Density:
5.08 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tsumgallite
Type:
Biaxial
Comments:
n(calc.) = 1.96-1.97
Chemistry of Tsumgallite
Mindat Formula:
GaO(OH)
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Zn,Ge,Fe,Si
Crystallography of Tsumgallite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.512(5) Å, b = 9.772(8) Å, c = 2.967 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.462 : 1 : 0.304
Unit Cell V:
130.8 ų
Z:
4
Comment:
Space Group: Pbnm.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.089 Å | (100) |
2.404 Å | (100) |
2.632 Å | (33) |
1.690 Å | (26) |
2.530 Å | (22) |
1.538 Å | (21) |
1.478 Å | (16) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Tsumgallite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Scaly mica-like aggregates less than 1 mm across. Individual thin, platy crystals not exceeding 40μm in size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical Museum, University of Hamburg, Germany.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
in vugs of a tennantite-germanite ore
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Schluüter, J., Klaska, K.H., Adiwidjaja, G., Gebhard, G. (2003) Tsumgallite, GaO(OH), a new mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 2003(11): 521-527.
Synonyms of Tsumgallite
Other Language Names for Tsumgallite
German:Tsumgallit
Russian:Цумгаллит
Simplified Chinese:羟氧镓石
Spanish:Tsumgallita
Traditional Chinese:羥氧鎵石
Relationship of Tsumgallite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Bracewellite | CrO(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Diaspore | AlO(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Montroseite | (V3+,Fe3+)O(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
4.FD.05 | Spertiniite | Cu(OH)2 |
4.FD.10 | Bracewellite | CrO(OH) |
4.FD.10 | Diaspore | AlO(OH) |
4.FD.10 | Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) |
4.FD.10 | Guyanaite | CrO(OH) |
4.FD.10 | Montroseite | (V3+,Fe3+)O(OH) |
4.FD.15 | Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
4.FD.20 | Yttrotungstite-(Y) | YW2O6(OH)3 |
4.FD.20 | Yttrotungstite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,Y)W2O6(OH)3 |
4.FD.25 | Frankhawthorneite | Cu2Te6+O4(OH)2 |
4.FD.30 | Khinite | Pb2+Cu2+3[Te6+O6](OH)2 |
4.FD.30 | Khinite-3T | Pb2+Cu2+3Te6+O6(OH)2 |
4.FD.30 | Housleyite | Pb6CuTe6+4O18(OH)2 |
Fluorescence of Tsumgallite
none
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tsumgallite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-11481.html
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External Links:
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References for Tsumgallite
Reference List:
Schlüter, Jochen, Klaska, Karl-Heinz, Adiwidjaja, Gunadi, Gebhard, Georg (2003) Tsumgallite, GaO(OH), a new mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2003 (11) 521-527 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0521
Localities for Tsumgallite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Namibia (TL) | |
| Schlüter et al. (2003) |
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Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia