Erlichmanite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Erlichmanite

Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Ayan-Maya district, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

Erlichmanite, etc.

Baranchinsky Massif, Nizhnii Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Erlichmanite, etc.

Haraigawa, Misato, Shimomashiki District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan

Erlichmanite

Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Ayan-Maya district, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

Erlichmanite, etc.

Baranchinsky Massif, Nizhnii Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Erlichmanite, etc.

Haraigawa, Misato, Shimomashiki District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan

Erlichmanite

Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Ayan-Maya district, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

Erlichmanite, etc.

Baranchinsky Massif, Nizhnii Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

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About ErlichmaniteHide

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Formula:

OsS₂

Colour:

Gray

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

4½ - 5½

Specific Gravity:

8.28

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Pyrite Group

Name:

Named in honor of Jozef Erlichman (2 March 1935, Amsterdam, Netherlands - 17 October 2022), electron microprobe analyst for the Planetology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, employee of Applied Space Products, Palo Alto, California. He identified or worked on several new minerals. It is pronounce ər'-lik-man-īt.

Type Locality:

ⓘ MacIntosh Mine, Willow Creek (China Flat), Willow Creek Mining District, Klamath Mountains, Humboldt County, California, USA

Pyrite Group. Erlichmanite-Laurite Series. Compare 'UM1974-14-S:NiOs'.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Mindat ID:

1401

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1401:0

GUID
(UUID V4):

8f12e1f1-6c65-4687-8ee3-c341193248bd

Classification of ErlichmaniteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of ErlichmaniteHide

Optical Data of ErlichmaniteHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R
400nm	44.4%
420nm	44.2%
440nm	44.0%
460nm	43.8%
580nm	43.4%
500nm	43.0%
520nm	42.7%
540nm	42.2%
560nm	41.7%
580nm	41.3%
600nm	40.9%
620nm	40.4%
640nm	40.0%
660nm	39.4%
680nm	38.8%
700nm	38.2%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 44.4%.

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Chemical Properties of ErlichmaniteHide

Crystallography of ErlichmaniteHide

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0011029	Erlichmanite	Stingl T, Muller B, Lutz H D (1992) Crystal structure refinement of osmium(II) disulfide, OsS2 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 202 161-162		1992		0	293
0017725	Erlichmanite	Oftedal I (1928) Uber die Kristallstrukturen der verbindungen RuS2, OsS2, MnTe2 und AuSb2. Mit einem Anhang uber die Gitterkonstant von Pyrit Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 135 291-299		1928		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to closedata_global _chemical_name_mineral 'Erlichmanite' loop_ _publ_author_name 'Stingl T' 'Muller B' 'Lutz H D' _journal_name_full 'Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie' _journal_volume 202 _journal_year 1992 _journal_page_first 161 _journal_page_last 162 _publ_section_title ; Crystal structure refinement of osmium(II) disulfide, OsS2 ; _database_code_amcsd 0011029 _chemical_formula_sum 'Os S2' _cell_length_a 5.6194 _cell_length_b 5.6194 _cell_length_c 5.6194 _cell_angle_alpha 90 _cell_angle_beta 90 _cell_angle_gamma 90 _cell_volume 177.447 _exptl_crystal_density_diffrn 9.520 _symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P a 3' loop_ _space_group_symop_operation_xyz 'x,y,z' '1/2+z,x,1/2-y' 'z,1/2-x,1/2+y' '1/2-z,1/2+x,y' '-z,-x,-y' '1/2+y,1/2-z,-x' '1/2-y,-z,1/2+x' '-y,1/2+z,1/2-x' 'y,z,x' 'x,1/2-y,1/2+z' '1/2-x,1/2+y,z' '1/2+x,y,1/2-z' '-x,-y,-z' '1/2-z,-x,1/2+y' '-z,1/2+x,1/2-y' '1/2+z,1/2-x,-y' 'z,x,y' '1/2-y,1/2+z,x' '1/2+y,z,1/2-x' 'y,1/2-z,1/2+x' '-y,-z,-x' '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z' '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z' '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z' loop_ _atom_site_label _atom_site_fract_x _atom_site_fract_y _atom_site_fract_z Os 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S 0.38616 0.38616 0.38616 loop_ _atom_site_aniso_label _atom_site_aniso_U_11 _atom_site_aniso_U_22 _atom_site_aniso_U_33 _atom_site_aniso_U_12 _atom_site_aniso_U_13 _atom_site_aniso_U_23 Os 0.00205 0.00205 0.00205 -0.00004 -0.00004 -0.00004 S 0.00288 0.00288 0.00288 0.00010 0.00010 0.00010

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of ErlichmaniteHide

Synonyms of ErlichmaniteHide

Other Language Names for ErlichmaniteHide

Relationship of Erlichmanite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for ErlichmaniteHide

References for ErlichmaniteHide

Reference List:

Kitahara, G., Yoshiasa, A., Ishimaru, S., Terai, K., Tokuda, M., Nishio–Hamane, D., Tanaka, T., Kazumasa Sugiyama, K. (2023): Select Crystal structures of rhodium-containing erlichmanite-laurite solid solutions (Os1-x-yRuxRhyS2: x = 0.09–0.60, y = 0.07–0.10) with unique compositional dependence. Mineralogical Magazine, 87, (in press).

http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=18368&sid=0c8e47a390c9fb3a1dc418248c2c193f

Oftedal, I. (1928) Über die Kristallstrukturen der verbindungen RuS2, OsS2, MnTe2 und AuSb2. Mit einem Anhang über die Gitterkonstant von Pyrit. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie: 135: 291-299.

Snetsinger, K.G. (1971) Erlichmanite (OsS2), a new mineral. American Mineralogist: 56: 1501-1506.

Stingl, T., Mueller, B., Lutz, H.D. (1992) Crystal structure refinement of osmium(II) disulfide. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 202: 161-162.

González-Jiménez, J.M., Gervilla, F., Proenza, J.A., Kerestedjian, T., Augé, T., Bailly, L. (2009) Zoning of laurite (RuS2) - erlichmanite (OsS2): Implications for the origin of PGM in ophiolite chromitites. European Journal of Mineralogy: 21: 419-432.

Localities for ErlichmaniteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Algeria
In Salah Province In Salah District Foggaret Ezzaouia ⓘ Acfer 217 meteorite	Schulze, H. (1998) Meteoritics & Planetary Science 33 (4, Supplement): A139. (July 1998)
Australia
New South Wales Kennedy Co. ⓘ Fifield	Webb, K. (2014). The age and tectonometallogenic setting of the Fifield “Alaskan-type” intrusive suite, Lachlan Orogen, NSW. NSW., Bachelor of Science (Honours), School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong.
ⓘ Kelvin Grove prospect	Johan, Z., Ohnenstetter, M., Slansky, E., Barron, L.M., Suppel, D. (1989) Platinum mineralization in the Alaskan-type intrusive complexes near Fifield, New South Wales, Australia. part 1. platinum-group minerals in clinopyroxenites of the Kelvin Grove prospect, Owendale intrusion. Mineralogy and Petrology, 40:4, 289-309.
ⓘ Owendale North Mine	5th International Platinum Symposium Bulletin of The Geological Society of Finland Number 61, Part 1,1989,1-64
Austria
Styria Leoben District ⓘ Kraubath an der Mur	Malitch, K.N., Melcher, F., Mühlhans , H. (2001) Palladium and gold mineralization in podiform chromitite at Kraubath, Austria. Mineralogy and Petrology: 73: 247-277.
Sankt Stefan ob Leoben Mitterberg ⓘ Unnamed chromite pit	Malitch, K. N., & Knauf, V. V. (2002). Diversity of PGM assemblages at Kraubath: a case study of mantle-derived chromitites from the Eastern Alps, Austria. In 9th International Platinum Symposium (Abstracts).
Brazil
Bahia ⓘ Campo Formoso ultramafic complex	Garuti, G., Proenza, J. A., & Zaccarini, F. (2005). Platinum-group element distribution and mineralogy in altered chromitite of the Campo Formoso layered intrusion (Bahia state, Brazil). Geology & Petrology 82-85 33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
Goiás ⓘ Niquelândia	33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
ⓘ Niquelândia complex	Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Proenza, J. A., Thalhammer, O. A., & Angeli, N. (2012). Platinum-group minerals in chromitites of the Niquelândia layered intrusion (Central Goias, Brazil): Their magmatic origin and low-temperature reworking during serpentinization and lateritic weathering. Minerals, 2(4), 365-384.
São Paulo ⓘ Monte Alegre do Sul	33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
Bulgaria
Blagoevgrad Province Blagoevgrad Municipality ⓘ Blagoevgrad placer deposits	Цинцов, З. (1998). Състав, разпространение и транспорт на минералите на елементите от групата на платината в алувиалните седименти на Благоевградския грабен. Сп. БГД, 59(2), 59-65.
Satovcha Municipality ⓘ Pletena	Bul. Acad. Sci. (1998)
Burgas Province Kameno Municipality ⓘ Konstantinovo	Atanasov, A. V. (1990). Vasilite,(Pd, Cu) 16 (S, Te) 7, a new mineral species from Novoseltsi, Bulgaria. The Canadian Mineralogist, 28(3), 687-689.
Canada
British Columbia Similkameen Mining Division ⓘ Tulameen River	Nixon, G.T., Cabri, L.J., and Laflamme, J.H.G. (1990) Platinum-group-element mineralizaton in lode and placer deposits associated with the Tulameen Alaskan-type complex, British Columbia. Canadian Mineralogist: 28, 503-535.
ⓘ Grasshopper Mt	Nixon, G. T., Cabri, L. J., & Laflamme, J. G. (1990). Platinum-group-element mineralization in lode and placer deposits associated with the Tulameen Alaskan-type complex, British Columbia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 28(3), 503-535.
ⓘ Placer Deposits	Nixon, G. T., Cabri, L. J., & Laflamme, J. G. (1990). Platinum-group-element mineralization in lode and placer deposits associated with the Tulameen Alaskan-type complex, British Columbia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 28(3), 503-535.
Québec Chaudière-Appalaches Les Appalaches RCM ⓘ Thetford Mines	http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001NE/finalprogram/abstract_2302.htm.
ⓘ Hall chrome pit (Hall mine; Thetford quarry)	Pagé et al. (2001) GSA 2001 NE program abstracts
Yukon Watson Lake mining district ⓘ Wolverine Creek	Fedortchouk, Y., LeBarge, W., Barkov, A.Y., Fedele, L. and Bodnar, R.J., 2010. Major- and trace-element composition of platinum group minerals and their inclusions from several Yukon placers. In: Yukon Exploration and Geology 2009, K.E. MacFarlane, L.H. Weston and L.R. Blackburn (eds.), Yukon Geological Survey, p. 185-196.
Whitehorse mining district Kluane District ⓘ Florence Creek	BARKOV, A.Y. & MARTIN, R.F. (2008) Grains of Pt-Fe alloy and inclusions in Pt-Fe alloy from Florence Creek, Yukon, Canada: Evidence for mobility of Os in a Na-H2O-Cl-rich fluid. Canadian Mineralogist 46, 343-360.
Chile
Araucanía Cautín Province La Cabaña ⓘ La Cabaña serpentinites	Galdames, C., Rabbia, O. M., Alfaro, G., & Hernández, L. (2010). Platinum-group elements in ultramafic rocks from La Cabana area, coastal Cordillera of south-central Chile. In 11th International Platinum Symposium (Ontario). González-Jiménez, J. M., Barra, F., Walker, R. J., Reich, M., & Gervilla, F. (2014). Geodynamic implications of ophiolitic chromitites in the La Cabaña ultramafic bodies, Central Chile. International Geology Review, 56(12), 1466-1483.
China
Hebei Chengde Chengde County Gaositai ⓘ Gaositai Cr-PGE deposit (Gao District; Gaotai village)	Zuxiang Yu (1995): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 15(1), 1-4
ⓘ Wulie river placers	Zuxiang Yu (1995): Acta Geologica Sinica 69(3), 215-220
Sichuan Panzhihua Dong District ⓘ Panzhihua Fe-V-Ti-(PGE) deposit
Miyi County ⓘ Xinjie Cu-Ni-(PGE) deposit
Tibet Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture) Nêdong Co. (Naidong Co.; Zedang Co.) ⓘ Zedang ophiolite	Guo, G., Yang, J., Robinson, P.T., Liu, X., Xu, X., Xiong, F. (2016): Platinum-group Mineral (PGM) and Base-metal Sulphide (BMS) Inclusions in Chromitites of the Zedang Ophiolite, Southern Tibet, China and their Petrogenetic Significance. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition): 90: 900–912 http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=12863 (2016)
Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.) ⓘ Luobusha ophiolite ("Luobusa ophiolite")	Wenji Bai, Shufeng Tao, Jingsui Yang, Qingsong Fang, Nicheng Shi and Guowu Li (2007): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 26(5), 418-428
Colombia
Cauca Department Guapí ⓘ Río Pilpe	Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
Chocó Department Condoto ⓘ Alto Condoto intrusion	Stribrny, B., Wellmer, F.-W., Burgath, K.-P., Oberthür, T., Tarkian, M., and Pfeiffer, T. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 260-281.
Costa Rica
Guanacaste Province Nicoya Canton ⓘ Santa Elena ultramafic Nappe	Federica Zaccarini, Ronald J. Bakker, Giorgio Garuti, Thomas Aiglsperger, Oskar A. R. Thalhammer, Lolita Campos, Joaquin A. Proenza, John F. Lewis (2010) Platinum group minerals in chromitite bodies of the Santa Elena Nappe, Costa Rica: mineralogical characterization by electron microprobe and Raman–spectroscopy. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 62:161-171
Cuba
Holguín Province ⓘ Mayarí District	Gervilla, F., Proenza, J. A., Frei, R., González-Jiménez, J. M., Garrido, C. J., Melgarejo, J. C., ... & Lavaut, W. (2005). Distribution of platinum-group elements and Os isotopes in chromite ores from Mayarí-Baracoa Ophiolitic Belt (eastern Cuba). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 150(6), 589-607.
Cyprus
Nicosia District Troodos mountain range ⓘ Kokkinorotsos chromite mine (Chrome Mine)	Prichard, H. M. and Lord, R. A. (1990) 'Platinum and palladium in the Troodos ophiolite complex, Cyprus', Canadian Mineralogist, 28 (3), pp.607-617.
Dominican Republic
Monseñor Nouel Province Bonao ⓘ Falcondo Mines	Aiglsperger, Thomas, José M. González-Jiménez, Joaquín A. Proenza, Salvador Galí, Francisco Longo, William L. Griffin, and Suzanne Y. O’Reilly (2021) "Open System Re-Os Isotope Behavior in Platinum-Group Minerals during Laterization?" Minerals 11, no. 10: 1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101083
East Timor
Manatuto District ⓘ Hili Manu	Lay, A., Graham, I., Cohen, D., Privat, K., González-Jiménez, J. M., Belousova, E., & Barnes, S. J. (2017). Ophiolitic chromitites of Timor Leste: Their composition, platinum group element geochemistry, mineralogy, and evolution. The Canadian Mineralogist, 55(5), 875-908.
Ecuador
Esmeraldas Province ⓘ Santiago River placers	Weiser, T. and Schmidt-Thome, M. (1993) Platinum-group minerals from the Santiago river, Esmeraldas province, Ecuador. Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 61-73.
Ethiopia
Oromia Region West Welega Zone Gimbi ⓘ Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District)	Econ Geol (1986) 81:1278-1285
Bir Bir River ⓘ Joubdo Stream	Cabri, L. J., Criddle, A. J., Laflamme, J. H. G., Bearne, G. S., & Harris, D. C. (1981). Mineralogical study of complex Pt-Fe nuggets from Ethiopia. Bulletin de Mineralogie, 104(4), 508-525.
Finland
ⓘ Lapland	Törnroos Ragnar, Johanson Bo, Kojonen Kari, 1998. Alluvial nuggets of platinum group minerals and alloys from Finnish Lapland. Geological survey of Finland, Special Paper
Enontekiö ⓘ Miessijoki River	33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Pt-Pd selenides from river placers, northern Finland Kari Kojonen (2012) PGE ore potential in the southwestern granulite belt of Northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 207 pp 64-67
Inari Ivalojoki ⓘ Palsinoja	Kari Kojonen (2012) PGE ore potential in the southwestern granulite belt of Northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 207 pp 64-67
ⓘ Sotajoki River	Kojonen, K., Tarkian, M., Heidrich, S. & Johanson, B. (2014) Placer Platinum-group Minerals from Sotajoki River, Inari, Finland. 12th International Platinum Symposium p259
Keminmaa ⓘ Kemi Mine	Stanislav S. Gornostayev, Kauko V.O. Laajoki & Ossi Leinonen (2000) The platinum-group minerals in the Kemi chromite deposit, Finland: a case study of the Elijärvi ore body. In Abstract volume and Field trip Guidebook, 2nd annual GEODE-Fennoscandian shield field workshop on Palaeoproterozoic and Archean greenstone belts and VMS districts in the Fennoscandian Shield (Vol. 28).
Penikat complex Sompujärvi Reef ⓘ Kirakkajuppura PGE deposit	Barkov, A., Halkoaho, T., Roberts, A., Criddle, A., Martin, R., Papunen, H. (1999) New Pd-Pb and Pb-V oxides frm a bonanza-type PGE-rich, nearly BMS-free deposit in the Penikat layered complex, Finland. Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 1507-1524. Barkov, A. Y., Fleet, M. E., Martin, R. F., & Alapieti, T. T. (2004). Zoned sulfides and sulfarsenides of the platinum-group elements from the Penikat layered complex, Finland. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42(2), 515-537.
Sodankylä ⓘ Keivitsa intrusion	Gervilla, F., Kojonen, K. and Merkle, R.K.W., 2005. Platinum-group minerals in the Proterozoic Keivitsa mafic-ultramafic intrusion, Sodankylä, northern Finland. Extended Abstract, 10th International Platinum Symposium, Abstract volume
Kevitsansarvi (Keivitsansarvi) ⓘ Kevitsa Ni-Cu-PGE mine	Mutanen, T. (1997) Geology and ore petrology of Akanvaara and Koitelainen mafic layered intrusions and the Keivitsa-satovaara layered complex, Northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 395. 233s.
North Karelia Outokumpu ⓘ Outokumpu mining district	No reference listed
France
New Caledonia Northern Province Koumac Tiébaghi Massif ⓘ Tiébaghi Mine	Augé, T. (1988). Platinum-Group Minerals in the Tiébaghi (New-Caledonia) and Vourinos (Greece) Ophiolites. In Geo-Platinum 87 (pp. 405-405). Springer Netherlands. Cassian, P. (2007). New Caledonia Geology and Mining. In ニューカレドニアの投資環境調査 2007 年 (p. 58).
Southern Province Le Mont-Dore Ouen Island ⓘ Ouen Island ophiolite	33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in chromitite schlieren from the ouen island, new caledonia ophiolite
Pirogues River ⓘ Pirogues ophiolite	Jan Pasava (ed) Mineral Deposits: From Their Origin to Their Environmental Impacts pp89-92 Auge, T., & Maurizot, P. (1995). Stratiform and alluvial platinum mineralization in New Caledonia ophiolite complex. The Canadian Mineralogist, 33(5), 1023-1045.
Yaté ⓘ Ni River estuary	Auge, T., & Maurizot, P. (1995). Stratiform and alluvial platinum mineralization in New Caledonia ophiolite complex. The Canadian Mineralogist, 33(5), 1023-1045.
Germany
Rhineland-Palatinate Germersheim Jockgrim Rheinzabern ⓘ Holcim gravel pit	Oberthür, T., Melcher, F., Goldmann, S., Wotruba, H., Gerdes, A., Dijkstra, A., Dale, C.W. (2016) Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of detrital heavy minerals from the Rhine River in Germany as evidence to their provenance, sedimentary and depositional history: focus on platinum‐group minerals and remarks on cassiterite, columbite‐group minerals and uraninite. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 105(2), 637-657.
Greece
Central Greece Phthiotis Domokos ⓘ Agios Stefanos mine	Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319. Tsikouras, Basilios, Elena Ifandi, Sofia Karipi, Tassos A. Grammatikopoulos, and Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou. (2016) "Investigation of Platinum-Group Minerals (PGM) from Othrys Chromitites (Greece) Using Superpanning Concentrates" Minerals 6, no. 3: 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/min6030094
ⓘ Metalio mine	Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
Thessaly Larissa Farsala Eretria ⓘ Tsangli mine	Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319. Tsikouras, Basilios, Elena Ifandi, Sofia Karipi, Tassos A. Grammatikopoulos, and Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou. (2016) "Investigation of Platinum-Group Minerals (PGM) from Othrys Chromitites (Greece) Using Superpanning Concentrates" Minerals 6, no. 3: 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/min6030094
ⓘ Kastraki III mine	Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
Trikala Meteora ⓘ Korydallos area	Kapsiotis, A. N. (2013). Genesis of chromitites from Korydallos, Pindos Ophiolite Complex, Greece, based on spinel chemistry and PGE-mineralogy. Journal of Geosciences, 58(1), 49-69.
Western Macedonia Grevena Grevena ⓘ Voidolakkos	Kapsiotis, A., Grammatikopoulos, T. A., Zaccarini, F., Tsikouras, B., Garuti, G., & Hatzipanagiotou, K. (2006). Platinum-group mineral characterisation in concentrates from low-grade PGE chromitites from the Vourinos ophiolite complex, northern Greece. Applied Earth Science: Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy: Section B, 115(2), 49-57.
ⓘ Xerolivado Mine	Kapsiotis, A., Grammatikopoulos, T. A., Zaccarini, F., Tsikouras, B., Garuti, G., & Hatzipanagiotou, K. (2006). Platinum-group mineral characterisation in concentrates from low-grade PGE chromitites from the Vourinos ophiolite complex, northern Greece. Applied Earth Science: Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy: Section B, 115(2), 49-57.
India
Karnataka Davanagere District Shimoga schist belt ⓘ Hanumalapur Complex	Alapieti, T.T., Devaraju, T.C., Kaukonen, R.J. (2005) SEM-EDS Study of the Platinum-group Minerals in the PGE mineralized Hanumalapura Segment of the Layeredmafic-ultramafic Complex of Channagiri, Davangere District, Karnataka. Journal of the Geological Society of India: 65: 745-752.
Indonesia
South Kalimantan Province Banjar Regency ⓘ Tanah Laut (Pontijn)
Japan
Hokkaidō Prefecture Rumoi Subprefecture ⓘ Obira coast	NISHIO–HAMANE, D., & Saito, K. (2022). Platinum–group minerals in the placer deposit in northwestern Hokkaido, Japan: description of a new mineral, tomamaeite. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 117(1), 220309.
Tomamae District Shosanbetsu ⓘ Minamichiyoda	NISHIO–HAMANE, D., & Saito, K. (2022). Platinum–group minerals in the placer deposit in northwestern Hokkaido, Japan: description of a new mineral, tomamaeite. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 117(1), 220309.
Tomamae ⓘ Tomamae coast	NISHIO–HAMANE, D., & Saito, K. (2022). Platinum–group minerals in the placer deposit in northwestern Hokkaido, Japan: description of a new mineral, tomamaeite. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 117(1), 220309.
Kumamoto Prefecture Shimomashiki District Misato ⓘ Haraigawa	Dr Daisuke Nishio-Hamane, SEM analysis, University of Tokyo Electron Microprobe Section. NISHIO–HAMANE, D., Tanaka, T., & Shinmachi, T. (2019). Minakawaite and platinum–group minerals in the placer from the clinopyroxenite area in serpentinite mélange of Kurosegawa belt, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 114(5), 252-262.
Kazakhstan
Aktobe Region Kargaly ⓘ Kempirsai Cr deposit	https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.10.1419 Melcher, F., Grum, W., Simon, G., Thalhammer, T.V., Stumpfl, E.F. (1997): Petrogenesis of the Ophiolitic Giant Chromite Deposits of Kempirsai, Kazakhstan: a Study of Solid and Fluid Inclusions in Chromite. J Petrol.: 38(10), 1419–1458 Distler, V. V., Kryachko, V. V., & Yudovskaya, M. A. (2008). Ore petrology of chromite-PGE mineralization in the Kempirsai ophiolite complex. Mineralogy and Petrology, 92, 31-58.
Main ore field Dzharlybutak Ore Group ⓘ Almaz-Zhemchuzhina deposit	Saveliev, Dmitry E., Darkhan K. Makatov, Andrey V. Vishnevskiy, and Ruslan A. Gataullin. (2023) "Accessory Minerals in the Chromitite Ores of Dzharlybutak Ore Group of Kempirsai Massif (Southern Urals, Kazakhstan): Clues for Ore Genesis" Minerals 13, no. 2: 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020263
ⓘ Geofizicheskoe-VII deposit	Saveliev, Dmitry E., Darkhan K. Makatov, Andrey V. Vishnevskiy, and Ruslan A. Gataullin. (2023) "Accessory Minerals in the Chromitite Ores of Dzharlybutak Ore Group of Kempirsai Massif (Southern Urals, Kazakhstan): Clues for Ore Genesis" Minerals 13, no. 2: 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020263
Madagascar
Atsinanana Antanambao Manampotsy ⓘ Antanambao-Manampotsy area	Legendre, O., and Augé, T. (1992): Alluvial platinum-group minerals from the Manampotsy area, east Madagascar. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, 389-404
ⓘ Ambodibonara Placer	Augé, T. & Legendre, O. (1992): Pt-Fe nuggets from alluvial deposits in eastern Madagascar. Canadian Mineralogist 30, 983-1004 Legendre, O., & Augé, T. (1992). Alluvial platinum‐group minerals from the Manampotsy area, East Madagascar. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 39(3), 389-404.
Mexico
Baja California Sur Mulegé Municipality ⓘ Vizcaíno Peninsula	Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems Annual report 2012 p. 124
Mongolia
Zavkhan Province Khan-Taishirin-Ula range ⓘ Naran massif	http://www.dmitrenkogg.narod.ru/Mongoliy.htm
New Zealand
Tasman Region St. Arnaud ⓘ Maud Creek	http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org
Norway
Trøndelag Røros ⓘ Østhammeren (Osthammeren)	Nilson, L. P. (1990): Platinum-group mineral inclusions in chromitite from the Osthammeren ultramafic tectonite body, South Central Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology 42: 249-263
Oman
Al Buraimi Governorate Northern Oman Ophiolite ⓘ Wadi Hilti	Ahmed, A. H., & Arai, S. (2003). Platinum-group minerals in podiform chromitites of the Oman ophiolite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41(3), 597-616.
Philippines
Visayas Eastern Visayas Region Samar Island ⓘ Llorente river	Oberthür, T., Melcher, F., & Weiser, T. W. (2017). Detrital Platinum-Group Minerals and Gold In Placers of Southeastern Samar Island, Philippines. The Canadian Mineralogist, 55(1), 45-62.
Russia
Bashkortostan Burzyansky District Kraka ophiolite ⓘ 33 prospect	Garuti, Giorgio, Evgenii V. Pushkarev, Irina A. Gottman, and Federica Zaccarini. (2021) "Chromite-PGM Mineralization in the Lherzolite Mantle Tectonite of the Kraka Ophiolite Complex (Southern Urals, Russia)" Minerals 11, no. 11: 1287. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111287
Uchalinsky District ⓘ Nurali complex (Nurali massif)	Zaccarini, F., Pushkarev, E.V., Fershtater, G.B., Garuti, G. (2004): Composition and mineralogy of PGE-rich chromitites in the Nurali lherzolite-gabbro complex, Southern Urals, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42, 545-562.
ⓘ Priozernyy deposit	Saveliev, D. E., & Ankusheva, N. N. (2018). Nurali Ophiolite Massif (the Southern Urals): Geological, Structural, and Mineralogical Features. Вестник Пермского университета. Геология, 17(3), 228-244.
Buryatia Baunt District Vitim Plateau ⓘ Aunik River	Airiyants, E. V., Belyanin, D. K., Zhmodik, S. M., Agafonov, L. V., & Romashkin, P. A. (2020). Chemical composition and origin of platinum-group minerals from placers of the Aunik River, Buryatia, Russia. Ore Geology Reviews, 120, 103453.
Okinsky District ⓘ Ulan-Sar’dag Ophiolite	Kiseleva, O.N. Airiyants, E.V. Belyanin, D.K. Zhmodik, S.M. (2020) Podiform Chromitites and PGE Mineralization in the Ulan-Sar’dag Ophiolite (East Sayan, Russia). Minerals 10, 141.
ⓘ Kitoy River placers	Airiyants, Evgenia V., Olga N. Kiseleva, Sergey M. Zhmodik, Dmitriy K. Belyanin, and Yuriy C. Ochirov. (2022) "Platinum-Group Minerals in the Placer of the Kitoy River, East Sayan, Russia" Minerals 12, no. 1: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12010021
Chelyabinsk Oblast Miass River ⓘ Kialim placer	Zaykov, V. V., Melekestseva, I. Y., Zaykova, E. V., Kotlyarov, V. A., & Kraynev, Y. D. (2017). Gold and platinum group minerals in placers of the South Urals: Composition, microinclusions of ore minerals and primary sources. Ore Geology Reviews, 85, 299-320.
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Bilibinsky District Kolyma area Bol'shoi Anyui River Basin Baimka River Aluchinskii Massif (Aluchin horst) ⓘ Baimka placer deposit	Gornostayev, S.S., Crocket, J.H., Mochalov, A.G., and Lajoki, K.V.O. (1999) The platinum-group minerals of the Baimka placer deposits, Aluchin horst, Russian Far East. Canadian Mineralogist: 37: 1117-1129.
Irkutsk Oblast Uda–Biryusa district ⓘ Ognit complex	Shvedov, G. I., & Barkov, A. Y. (2017). Primary and alteration assemblages of platinum-group minerals from the Ognit complex, Irkutskaya oblast, Eastern Sayans, Russia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 194(1), 35-48.
ⓘ Tartai Massif	Podlipsky, M. Y., Mekhonoshin, A. S., Tolstykh, N. D., Vishnevskiy, A. V., & Polyakov, G. V. (2015). Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Tartai massif, East Siberian metallogenic province. Geology of Ore Deposits, 57(3), 172-196.
Kamchatka Krai Koryak Okrug Olyutorsky district ⓘ Epilchik mafic-ultramafic complex	http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=16459 Sidorov, E., Kutyrev, A., Chubarov, V., Zhitova, E. (2020): Platinum mineralization of the Epilchik Ural-Alaskan type zoned complex (Far East Russia). Mineralium Deposita: 55, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-01008-1
Korf ⓘ Gal'moenan ultrabasic massif	Sidorov, E.G., Osipenko, A.B., Kozlov, A.P., and Kospgoyanov, A.I. [Сидоров, Е.Г., Осипенко, А.Б., Козлов, А.П., и Коспгоянов, А.И.] (2004) Chromite mineralization in rocks of the mafic-ultramafic Gal’moenan massif, Koryakia (Russia) [Хромитовая минерализация в породах мафит-ультрамафитового массива Гальмоэнан, Корякия (Россия)]. Geology of Ore Deposits [Геология рудных месторождений], 46, №3, 235-252 (in Russian) Tolstykh, N.D., Sidorov, E.G., and Kozlov, A.P. (2004) Platinum-group minerals in lode and placier deposits associated with the Ural-Alaskan-type Gal'moenan complex, Koryak-Kamchatka Platinum Belt, Russia. Canadian Mineralogist, 42(2), 619-630 Sidorov, E.G., Tolstykh, N.D., Kozlov, A.P., and Chubarov, V.M. [Толстых, Н.Д., Сидоров, Е.Г., Видик, С.В., Козлов, и Чубаров, В.М.] (2009) The lode mineralization of the Gal'moenan massif, Koryakiya (Ural-Alaskan type) [Коренная минерализация массива Гальмоэнан, Корякия (Урало-Аляскинский тип)]. In: Koroteev, V.A. (chief ed.) [Коротеев, В.А. (отв. ред.)], Ultramafic-mafic complexes in folded regions and related deposits. Proceedings of the 3d International Conference [Ультрабазит-базитовые комплексы складчатых областей и связанные с ними месторождения. Материалы третьей международной конференции]. Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences [Институт геологии и геохимии УрО РАН], Yekaterinburg, Vol. 2, pages 189-193 (in Russian) Kozlov, A.P., Chanturiya, V.A., Sidorov, E.G., Tolstykh, N.D., and Telegin, Yu.M. (2011) Large-volume platinum ore deposits in zonal mafic-ultramafic complexes of the Ural-Alaskan type and the outlook for their development. Geology of Ore Deposits, 53(5), 374-389.
ⓘ Ledyanoy Creek placer	Vlasov, E.A., Ulyanov, A.A., and Mochalov, A.G. [Власов, Е.А., Ульянов, А.А., и Мочалов, А.Г.] (2002) Platinum-group element oxides from the placer of Ledyanoy stream, Koryakia, Russia [Окислы элементов платиновой группы из россыпи ручья Ледяной (Корякия, Россия)]. Mineralogy. Minerals and mineral parageneses [Минералогия. Минералы и парагенезисы минералов], Nauka [Наука], Saint Petersburg, pages 13-14 (in Russian) Tolstykh, N.D., Sidorov, E.G., and Kozlov, A.P. (2004) Platinum-group minerals in lode and placier deposits associated with the Ural-Alaskan-type Gal'moenan complex, Koryak-Kamchatka Platinum Belt, Russia. Canadian Mineralogist, 42(2), 619-630.
ⓘ Levtyrinyvayam River placer	Tolstykh, N.D., Sidorov, E.G., and Kozlov, A.P. (2004) Platinum-group minerals in lode and placier deposits associated with the Ural-Alaskan-type Gal'moenan complex, Koryak-Kamchatka Platinum Belt, Russia. Canadian Mineralogist, 42(2), 619-630 Sidorov, E.G., Tolstykh, N.D., Kozlov, A.P., and Chubarov, V.M. [Толстых, Н.Д., Сидоров, Е.Г., Видик, С.В., Козлов, и Чубаров, В.М.] (2009) The lode mineralization of the Gal'moenan massif, Koryakiya (Ural-Alaskan type) [Коренная минерализация массива Гальмоэнан, Корякия (Урало-Аляскинский тип)]. In: Koroteev, V.A. (chief ed.) [Коротеев, В.А. (отв. ред.)], Ultramafic-mafic complexes in folded regions and related deposits. Proceedings of the 3d International Conference [Ультрабазит-базитовые комплексы складчатых областей и связанные с ними месторождения. Материалы третьей международной конференции]. Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences [Институт геологии и геохимии УрО РАН], Yekaterinburg, Vol. 2, pages 189-193 (in Russian).
ⓘ Matysken complex	Cabri, L. J., Oberthür, T., & Keays, R. R. (2022). Origin and depositional history of platinum-group minerals in placers–A critical review of facts and fiction. Ore Geology Reviews, 144, 104733.
ⓘ Matysken River	Kutyrev, A. V., & Sidorov, E. G. (2020). Platinum Assemblage of Matysken River (Koryak Highlands, Russia): Key Properties and Relation with Bedrock Source. In Minerals: Structure, Properties, Methods of Investigation: 9th Geoscience Conference for Young Scientists, Ekaterinburg, Russia, February 5–8, 2018 (pp. 109-114). Springer International Publishing. Cabri, L. J., Oberthür, T., & Keays, R. R. (2022). Origin and depositional history of platinum-group minerals in placers–A critical review of facts and fiction. Ore Geology Reviews, 144, 104733.
Sobolevsky District ⓘ Maior River (Brook)	Подлипский, М. Ю., Сидоров, Е. Г., Толстых, Н. Д., & Кривенко, А. П. (1999). Кобальтсодержащий маланит и другие тиошпинели платины из россыпных проявлений реки Майор (Камчатка). Геология и геофизика, 40(4), 645-648. Sidorov, E. G., Tolstykh, N. D., Podlipsky, M. Y., & Pakhomov, I. O. (2004). Placer PGE minerals from the Filippa clinopyroxenite-dunite massif (Kamchatka). Russian Geology and Geophysics, 45(9), 1128-1144.
ⓘ Mount Filipp	Pekov, Igor V. (1998) Minerals first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union. Ocean Pictures, Moscow. 369pp. Sidorov, E. G., Tolstykh, N. D., Podlipsky, M. Y., & Pakhomov, I. O. (2004). Placer PGE minerals from the Filippa clinopyroxenite-dunite massif (Kamchatka). Geologiya i Geofizika (Russian Geology and Geophysics), 45(9), 1128-1144.
Ust-Kamchatsky District ⓘ Olkhovaya–1 River placer	Tolstykh, N., Sidorov, E., & Kozlov, A. (2009). Platinum-group Minerals from the Olkhovaya–1 Placers Related to the Karaginsky Ophiolite Complex, Kamchatskiy Mys Peninsula, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 47(5), 1057-1074.
Kemerovo Oblast ⓘ Koura River	Zhmodik, S. M., Nesterenko, G. V., Airiyants, E. V., Belyanin, D. K., Kolpakov, V. V., Podlipsky, M. Y., & Karmanov, N. S. (2016). Alluvial platinum-group minerals as indicators of primary PGE mineralization (placers of southern Siberia). Russian Geology and Geophysics, 57(10), 1437-1464.
Khabarovsk Krai Ayan-Maya district ⓘ Chad Massif	Pekov, Igor V. (1998) Minerals first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union. Ocean Pictures, Moscow. 369pp. Евгений А. Власов, А.Г. Мочалов, Д.И. Наумов (2021) Новые Данные О Минералах Платиновой Группы Щелочноультраосновного Массива Чад, Хабаровский Край, Россия. pp52-58
ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif	Cabri, L.J., Laflamme, H.H. Giles, (1997), Platinum Group Minerals from the Konder Massif, Russian Far East, Min Rec. 28, 97-106
Krasnoyarsk Krai ⓘ Kingash	Alexander V. Dedeev et al (2002) The PGE-Bearing Sulphide Ores of the Kingash Mafic-Ultramafic Differentiated Intrusion and Ore Processing Characteristics, East Sajan, Russia. 9th annual platinum symposium
Yermakovsky District ⓘ Bolshoy Khailyk River placers	Barkov, A. Y., Shvedov, G. I., Silyanov, S. A., & Martin, R. F. (2018). Mineralogy of Platinum-Group Elements and Gold in the Ophiolite-Related Placer of the River Bolshoy Khailyk, Western Sayans, Russia. Minerals, 8(6), 247. Barkov, Andrei Y., Nobumichi Tamura, Gennadiy I. Shvedov, Camelia V. Stan, Chi Ma, Björn Winkler, and Robert F. Martin. (2019) "Platiniferous Tetra-Auricupride: A Case Study from the Bolshoy Khailyk Placer Deposit, Western Sayans, Russia" Minerals 9, no. 3: 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9030160 Barkov, Andrei Y., Luca Bindi, Erick A. Juárez-Arellano, Nobumichi Tamura, Gennadiy I. Shvedov, Chi Ma, and Robert F. Martin (2021) "Unnamed Pt(Cu0.67Sn0.33) from the Bolshoy Khailyk River, Western Sayans, Russia, and a Review of Related Compounds and Solid Solutions" Minerals 11, no. 11: 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111240
ⓘ River Rudnaya	Barkov, A. Y., Tolstykh, N. D., Shvedov, G. I., & Martin, R. F. (2018). Ophiolite-related associations of platinum-group minerals at Rudnaya, western Sayans, and Miass, southern Urals, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-32.
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)	Gabov, D. A. (2010). PGE and Au minerals from the low-sulfide ore of the Pana Tundra Pluton, Kola Peninsula. Geology of Ore Deposits, 52(7), 624-629.
Imandra layered complex (Imandrovsky layered intrusion) ⓘ Mount Bol’shaya Varaka chromitite deposit	Barkov, A.Y. and Fleet, M.E. (2004) An unusual association of hydrothermal platinum-group minerals from the Imandra layered complex, Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia. Canadian Mineralogist: 42: 455-467.
Monchegorsk ⓘ Sopcheozerskoe deposit (Sopcheozero)	Chistyakova S, Latypov R, Zaccarini F (2014) PGE geochemistry and mineralogy of chromitite dykes from the Sopcheozero deposit, Monchegorsk layered intrusion, Russia. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 109
ⓘ Pechengsky District	Chashchin, V. V., & Petrov, S. V. (2013). Low-sulfide PGE ore in the Volchetundra gabbro-anorthosite pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 55(5), 357-382.
ⓘ Volchetundra massif	Chashchin, V. V., & Petrov, S. V. (2013). Low-sulfide PGE ore in the Volchetundra gabbro-anorthosite pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 55(5), 357-382.
Perm Krai Gornozavodskii District Sarany ⓘ Saranovskii Mine	Puzik, A. (2019) Useful Component Recovery from Saranovskaya Mine Rudnaya Wastes. IMWA 2019 “Mine Water: Technological and Ecological Challenges”
Primorsky Krai Khanka lake ⓘ Zolotaya river placers	Shcheka G.G., Vrzhosek A.A., Lehmann B., Tolstykh N.D. (2004) Associations of platinum-group minerals from the Zolotaya gold placiers, Primorye, Russian Far East, - Canadian Mineralogist, v.42, pp. 583-599.
Sakha Aldan ⓘ Inagli Massif	Pekov, Igor V. (1998) Minerals first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union. Ocean Pictures, Moscow. 369pp.
ⓘ Ryabinovskoe Cu-Au deposit	A.Ya. Kochetkov (2006) Mesozoic Gold-Bearing Ore-Magmatic Systems Of Central Aldan. Russian Geology and Geophysics 47:850-864
ⓘ Muscovitovyi area	Kochetkov A.Ya. (2006) Ore contents of alkaline massifs of Aldan shield: Ryabinovskoe copper-gold-porphyritic deposit,- Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya, v.25, N1, pp. 62-73 (in Russian)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Nizhnii Tagil ⓘ Baranchinsky Massif	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, 2018
Nizhnyaya Tura Svetly Bor ⓘ Glubokinskoe placer	Stepanov, S. Y., Palamarchuk, R. S., Kozlov, A. V., Khanin, D. A., Varlamov, D. A., & Kiseleva, D. V. (2019). Platinum-Group Minerals of Pt-Placer Deposits Associated with the Svetloborsky Ural-Alaskan Type Massif, Middle Urals, Russia. Minerals, 9(2), 77.
ⓘ Travyanistyi placer	Stepanov, S. Y., Palamarchuk, R. S., Kozlov, A. V., Khanin, D. A., Varlamov, D. A., & Kiseleva, D. V. (2019). Platinum-Group Minerals of Pt-Placer Deposits Associated with the Svetloborsky Ural-Alaskan Type Massif, Middle Urals, Russia. Minerals, 9(2), 77.
ⓘ Vershinniy placer	Stepanov, S. Y., Palamarchuk, R. S., Kozlov, A. V., Khanin, D. A., Varlamov, D. A., & Kiseleva, D. V. (2019). Platinum-Group Minerals of Pt-Placer Deposits Associated with the Svetloborsky Ural-Alaskan Type Massif, Middle Urals, Russia. Minerals, 9(2), 77.
ⓘ Veresovka River	Stepanov, S. Y., Palamarchuk, R. S., Varlamov, D. A., Kozlov, A. V., Khanin, D. A., & Antonov, A. V. (2019). Platinum group minerals from Veresovka River Deluvial Placer, Veresovoborsky dunite–clinopyroxenite massif (Middle Urals). Geology of Ore Deposits, 61, 767-781.
Novolyalinsky District ⓘ Kytlym complex (Kytlym massif)	Garuti, G., Pushkarev, E.V., and Zaccarini, F. (2002) Composition and paragenesis of Pt alloys from chromitites of the Uralian-Alaskan-type Kytlym and Uktus complexes, northern and central Urals, Russia. Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 1127-1146.
Novouralsk Verkh-Neivinsky massif ⓘ East Shishim river placer deposit	Мурзин, В. В., Баданина, И. Ю., Малич, К. Н., Игнатьев, А. В., & Веливецкая, Т. А. (2020). изотопный состаВ серы Вторичных rU-oS-ir-сульфидоВ и сульфоарсенидоВ Верх-нейВинского дунит-гарцбургитоВого массиВа на среднем урале. Вестник института геологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАН, (9 (309)), 7-13.
Prigorodny District Soloveva Mountain ⓘ Aleksandrov Log Pt deposit	Pekov, Igor V. (1998) Minerals first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union. Ocean Pictures, Moscow. 369pp.
Pyshminsky District ⓘ Kluchevskoy ophiolite complex	Zaccarini, F., Pushkarev, E., & Garuti, G. (2008). Platinum-group element mineralogy and geochemistry of chromitite of the Kluchevskoy ophiolite complex, central Urals (Russia). Ore Geology Reviews, 33(1), 20-30.
Yekaterinburg ⓘ Uktus complex	9th International platinum symposium Chromite-PGE mineralization in the Uktus Alaskan-Type Complex (Central Urals,) Garuti, G., Pushkarev, E.V., and Zaccarini, F. (2002) Composition and paragenesis of Pt alloys from chromitites of the Uralian-Alaskan-type Kytlym and Uktus complexes, northern and central Urals, Russia. Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 1127-1146. Zaccarini, F., Pushkarev, E., Garuti, G., Krause, J., Dvornik, G. P., Stanley, C., & Bindi, L. (2013). Platinum-group minerals (PGM) nuggets from alluvial-eluvial placer deposits in the concentrically zoned mafic-ultramafic Uktus complex (Central Urals, Russia). European Journal of Mineralogy, 25(4), 519-531.
ⓘ Syum-Keu Ophiolite Massif	Gurskaya, L. (2002). The Syum-Keu Massif, the Polar Urals: First Data on PGE Mineralization and Implications for Petrogenesis of Layered Complexes. 9th International Platinum Symposium. Abstract. [https://nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Gurskaya_Abstract.pdf]
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ⓘ Centralnoye II deposit	Jan Pašava, Ilja Knésl, Anna Vymazalová, Ivan Vavřín, Ludmila Ivanovna Gurskaya, Leonid Ruslanovich Kolbantsev (2011) Geochemistry and mineralogy of platinum-group elements (PGE) in chromites from Centralnoye I, Polar Urals, Russia. Geoscience Frontiers 2:81-85
Priuralsky District ⓘ Centralnoye I deposit	Jan Pašava, Ilja Knésl, Anna Vymazalová, Ivan Vavřín, Ludmila Ivanovna Gurskaya, Leonid Ruslanovich Kolbantsev (2011) Geochemistry and mineralogy of platinum-group elements (PGE) in chromites from Centralnoye I, Polar Urals, Russia. Geoscience Frontiers 2:81-85
ⓘ Rai-Iz Ophiolite Massif	Shmelev V.R., Perevozchikov B.V., Moloshag V.P. (2014) The Rai-Iz ophiolite massif in the Polar Urals: geology and chromite deposits. Field trip guidebook. 12th International Platinum Symposium. Yekaterinburg: IGG UB RAS, 2014. 44 р.
Sierra Leone
Western Area ⓘ Freetown layered complex	Econ Geol (1986) 81:1278-1285 Bowles, J.F.W. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 583-586. John F.W. Bowles, Hazel M. Prichard and Peter C.Fisher (2002) Platinum-group minerals (PGM) in the Freetown Complex, Sierra Leone. 9th Platinum symposium
ⓘ Big Water	Bowles, J. F., Suárez, S., Prichard, H. M., & Fisher, P. C. (2018). The mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the alluvial platinum-group minerals of the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-30.
Slovakia
Košice Region Košice-okolie District Jasov ⓘ Serpentinite outcrops	Radvanec, M., & Uher, P. (2016). Platinum-group minerals in metapyroxenite from Jasov, Meliatic Unit, Slovakia. Acta Geol. Slov., 8, 2, 195, 201.
South Africa
Limpopo Sekhukhune District Municipality Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality Burgersfort ⓘ Maandagshoek farm	Melcher, F., Oberthür, T., Lodziak, J. (2005) Modification of detrital platinum-group minerals from the eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43(5), 1711-1734.
Mpumalanga Gert Sibande District Municipality Govan Mbeki Local Municipality ⓘ Evander goldfield	http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Rustenburg Local Municipality ⓘ Rustenburg	Hart, S.R., Kinloch, E.D. (1989) Osmium isotope systematics in Witwatersrand and Bushveld ore deposits. Economic Geology: 84: 1651-1655.
ⓘ Union Mine	Econ Geol (1989) 84:1651-1655
ⓘ Witwatersrand goldfield	Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
Spain
Andalusia Málaga Ojén ⓘ Ojén lherzolite massif	Mineralogy and Petrology: 56: 25-50.
ⓘ Arroyo de los Caballos	Baurier-Aymat, S. Jiménez-Franco, A. Roqué-Rosell, J. González-Jiménez, J.M. Gervilla, F. Proenza, J.A. Mendoza, J. Nieto, F. (2019) Nanoscale Structure of Zoned Laurites from the Ojén Ultramafic Massif, Southern Spain. Minerals 9, 288.
ⓘ Cerro del Algarrobo	Baurier-Aymat, S. Jiménez-Franco, A. Roqué-Rosell, J. González-Jiménez, J.M. Gervilla, F. Proenza, J.A. Mendoza, J. Nieto, F. (2019) Nanoscale Structure of Zoned Laurites from the Ojén Ultramafic Massif, Southern Spain. Minerals 9, 288.
Turkey
Denizli Province ⓘ Elmaslar Chromite Deposit	Akbulut, M., Pișkin, Ö., Arai, S., Özgenç, İ., & Minareci, F. (2010). Base metal (BM) and platinum-group elements (PGE) mineralogy and geochemistry of the Elmaslar chromite deposit (Denizli, SW Turkey): implications for a local BM and PGE enrichment. Ofioliti, 35(1), 1-20.
Hatay Province Arsuz ⓘ Kizildag ophiolite	Kozlu, H., & Rudashevsky, N. V. (2010). Geochemistry of the platinum-group minerals (PGM) in the chromitites from Elbistan–Berit Mantle/Transition Zone and Kızıldağ (Hatay) Ophiolite, SE–S Turkey. In 11th International Platinum Symposium Ontario Geological Survey, Pdf Abstract Miscellaneous Release-Data (Vol. 269).
Kahramanmaraş Province ⓘ Elbistan-Kahramanmaraş podiform ophiolitic chromitites	Kozlu, H., Prichard, H., Melcher, F., Fisher, P., Brough, C., & Stueben, D. (2014). Platinum group element (PGE) mineralisation and chromite geochemistry in the Berit ophiolite (Elbistan/Kahramanmaraş), SE Turkey. Ore Geology Reviews, 60, 97-111.
Muğla Province Menteşe District Muğla ophiolite ⓘ Chromitite occurrence	Uysal, I., Sadiklar, M. B., Tarkian, M., Karsli, O., & Aydin, F. (2005). Mineralogy and composition of the chromitites and their platinum-group minerals from Ortaca (Muğla-SW Turkey): evidence for ophiolitic chromitite genesis. Mineralogy and petrology, 83(3-4), 219-242. Uysal, İ., Tarkian, M., Sadiklar, M. B., Zaccarini, F., Meisel, T., Garuti, G., & Heidrich, S. (2009). Petrology of Al-and Cr-rich ophiolitic chromitites from the Muğla, SW Turkey: implications from composition of chromite, solid inclusions of platinum-group mineral, silicate, and base-metal mineral, and Os-isotope geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 158(5), 659-674.
UK
Scotland South Ayrshire ⓘ Ballantrae Complex	Power, M. R., & Pirrie, D. (2004). Platinum-group minerals within the Ballantrae Complex, SW Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 40(1), 1-5.
USA
Alaska Bethel Census Area ⓘ Goodnews Bay	www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm
Salmon River - Red Mountain District ⓘ Clara Creek	Snetsinger, K.G. (1973): Chromian Aluminian Magnetite and Two Rhodium Alloys in a Platinum Nugget from Goodnews Bay, Alaska. American Mineralogist: 58: 189-194
ⓘ Platinum Creek	USGS Open-File Report 01-269
Ketchikan Gateway Borough Ketchikan Mining District ⓘ Continental; Chevelle; Cannery Creek Prospects	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
ⓘ Jaguar Prospect	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
ⓘ Lexus Prospect	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
ⓘ Mount Burnett Zone Prospect	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
ⓘ North Zone Prospect	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
ⓘ West Cobra; East Cobra Prospects	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
Kodiak Island Borough Tugidak Island ⓘ Southern beach placer	Belkin, H. E., & Grosz, A. E. (2021). Platinum and gold placer from Tugidak Island, Alaska: Platinum-group minerals and their inclusions, gold, and chromite mineralogy. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59(4), 667-712.
California Humboldt County Klamath Mountains Willow Creek Mining District Willow Creek (China Flat) ⓘ MacIntosh Mine (TL)	Dana's New Mineralogy Snetsinger, K.G. (1971b) Erlichmanite (OsS2), a new mineral. American Mineralogist: 56: 1501-1506. Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Sacramento County Folsom Mining District Folsom ⓘ American River	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 64. Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Montana Sweet Grass County ⓘ East Boulder Mine (East Boulder project prospect; Frog Pond adit; Frog Pond audit; Jack Pine project; J-M Reef)	Bart Cannon analysis, Cannon Microprobe, #FP 51, January 11, 1995.
Pennsylvania Chester County ⓘ West Nottingham Township	Smith, II, R. C. and Barnes, J. H. (2011)
Zimbabwe
Midlands Shurugwi District ⓘ Umtebekwe River	Oberthür, T., Weiser, T. W., Melcher, F., Gast, L., & Wöhrl, C. (2013). Detrital platinum-group minerals in rivers draining the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51(2), 197-222.