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Fiedlerite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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04992990014949494745719.jpg
Fiedlerite

Lavrion Port slag locality, Lavrion slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
09125850014949494741494.jpg
Fiedlerite

Legrena Cove slag locality, Lavrion slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
00606720014949072941006.jpg
Fiedlerite

Slag localities, Waitschach, Guttaring, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
04194630014950241892653.jpg
Fiedlerite

Lavrion Port slag locality, Lavrion slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
09125850014949494741494.jpg
Fiedlerite

Legrena Cove slag locality, Lavrion slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
00606720014949072941006.jpg
Fiedlerite

Slag localities, Waitschach, Guttaring, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
06957410014949494742555.jpg
Fiedlerite

Lavrion Port slag locality, Lavrion slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
09125850014949494741494.jpg
Fiedlerite

Legrena Cove slag locality, Lavrion slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
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About FiedleriteHide

Formula:
Pb3FCl4(OH) · H2O
Colour:
Colourless, white; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
5.88
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Karl Gustav Fiedler ( 26. August 1791 Bautzen - 21. November 1853, Dresden), Saxon Commissioner of Mines, and Director of an exploratory expedition to the Laurium region in 1835.
Two polytypes exist, Fiedlerite-1A and Fiedlerite-2M.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1547
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1547:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
09472ae1-2f0d-4d3f-8e7e-d8923e3fc43d

IMA Classification of FiedleriteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Pb3Cl4F(OH) · H2O
First published:
1887
Approval history:
Redefined 1994 s.p.: Merlino et al. (1994).
Type description reference:
vom Rath, G. (1887) Einige mineralogische und geologische Mittheilungen. Niederheinische Gesellschafte für Natur und Theilkunde, Bonn: 102: 149-154.

Classification of FiedleriteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
3.DC.10

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
Dana 8th ed.:
10.3.2.1

10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
3 : A3(O,OH)2Xq
Hey's CIM Ref.:
8.8.10

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
FieIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of FiedleriteHide

Lustre:
Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless, white; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {100}.
Density:
5.88 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.64 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of FiedleriteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.980 nβ = 2.040 nγ = 2.100
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.120
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
strong

Chemistry of FiedleriteHide

Mindat Formula:
Pb3FCl4(OH) · H2O
Elements listed:
Cl, F, H, O, Pb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of FiedleriteHide

Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
Fiedlerite-1AFiedlerite-2M
Pb3Cl4F(OH) · H2O 
Triclinic Monoclinic 
1 - Pedial2/m - Prismatic
P1P21/b
 P21/a
a = 8.574(3) Å, b = 8.045(4) Å, c = 7.276(2) Å
α = 89.96(4)°, β = 102.05(4)°, γ = 103.45(4)°		a = 16.681(4) Å, b = 8.043(3) Å, c = 7.281(2) Å
β = 102.56(4)°
a:b:c = 1.066 : 1 : 0.904a:b:c = 2.074 : 1 : 0.905
V 476.76 ų
(Calculated from Unit Cell)		V 953.48 ų
(Calculated from Unit Cell)
  

Crystallographic forms of FiedleriteHide

Crystal Atlas:
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Fiedlerite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0014504FiedleriteMerlino S, Pasero M, Perchiazzi N (1994) Fiedlerite: revised chemical formula [Pb3Cl4F(OH)*H2O], OD description and crystal structure refinement of the two MDO polytypes Mineralogical Magazine 58 69-781994Baratti, Italy0293
0014505FiedleriteMerlino S, Pasero M, Perchiazzi N (1994) Fiedlerite: revised chemical formula Pb3Cl4F(OH)*(H2O), OD description and crystal structure refinement of the two MDO polytypes Mineralogical Magazine 58 69-781994Laurion, Greece0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.89 Å(100)
2.55 Å(100)
2.81 Å(80)
2.01 Å(60)
3.54 Å(50)
3.33 Å(50)
3.22 Å(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals]
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55)

Type Occurrence of FiedleriteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Lavrion slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
General Appearance of Type Material:
Thin tablets.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Museum of Natural History, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
PenfielditeLaurionite
Reference:
vom Rath, G. (1887) Einige mineralogische und geologische Mittheilungen. Niederheinische Gesellschafte für Natur und Theilkunde, Bonn: 102: 149-154.

Other Language Names for FiedleriteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
7 photos of Fiedlerite associated with PhosgenitePb2CO3Cl2
4 photos of Fiedlerite associated with AnglesitePbSO4
3 photos of Fiedlerite associated with Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
3 photos of Fiedlerite associated with PseudoboleitePb31Cu24Cl62(OH)48
3 photos of Fiedlerite associated with DiaboleitePb2CuCl2(OH)4
2 photos of Fiedlerite associated with LaurionitePbCl(OH)
2 photos of Fiedlerite associated with ParalaurionitePbCl(OH)
2 photos of Fiedlerite associated with GalenaPbS
2 photos of Fiedlerite associated with CopperCu
2 photos of Fiedlerite associated with CumengeitePb21Cu20Cl42(OH)40 · 6H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

3.DC.Lucabindiite(K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br)Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm
3.DC.TorrecillasiteNa(As,Sb)3+4O6ClOrth.
3.DC.GajardoiteKCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2 · 5H2OHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm
3.DC.Cuatrocapaite-(NH₄)(NH4)3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
3.DC.Cuatrocapaite-(K)K3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
3.DC.NapoliitePb2OFClTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mcm
3.DC.05LaurionitePbCl(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
3.DC.05ParalaurionitePbCl(OH)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
3.DC.05Russoite(NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5Hex. 6 2 2 : P6 2 2
3.DC.05Mauriziodiniite(NH4)(As2O3)2IHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm
3.DC.15PenfielditePb2Cl3(OH)Hex. 6 : P6
3.DC.15TelluroperitePb3TeO4Cl2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
3.DC.20LaurelitePb7F12Cl2Hex. 6 : P6
3.DC.25BismocliteBiOClTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25MatlockitePbFClTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25RorisiteCaFClTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25Zavaritskite(BiO)FTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25ZhangpeishaniteBaFClTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.30NadoritePbSbClO2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
3.DC.30PeritePbBiClO2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
3.DC.40ThorikositePb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3)Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
3.DC.45MereheaditePb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2Mon. m
3.DC.50BlixitePb8O5(OH)2Cl4Orth.
3.DC.52RumseyitePb2OClF Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
3.DC.55PinalitePb3WO5Cl2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
3.DC.55Vladkrivovichevite[Pb32O18][Pb4Mn2O]Cl14(BO3)8 · 2H2O Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
3.DC.57YeomanitePb2O(OH)ClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
3.DC.60LorettoitePb7O6Cl2Orth.
3.DC.60SymesitePb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2OTric. 1 : P1
3.DC.62Sarawakite (of Frenzel)Sb, O, Cl (?)
3.DC.65EcdemitePb6Cl4(As2O7)Mon. 2 : P21
3.DC.70MendipitePb3Cl2O2Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
3.DC.75DamaraitePb3Cl(OH)O2Orth. mm2 : Pmc21
3.DC.80OnoratoiteSb8Cl2O11Tric. 1 : P1
3.DC.95BarstowitePb4Cl6(CO3) · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Becomes turbid when attacked by cold water. Soluble in HNO3.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for FiedleriteHide

References for FiedleriteHide

Reference List:
vom Rath, G. (1887) Berichte Niederrheinische Gesellschaft für Natur und Heilkunde, Bonn: 154.
vom Rath, G. (1887) Einige mineralogische und geologische Mittheilungen. Niederheinische Gesellschafte für Natur und Theilkunde, Bonn: 102: 149-154.
vom Rath, G. (1889) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 388.
Smith, G.F.H. and Prior, G.T. (1899) On some lead minerals from Laurium, namely, laurionite, phosgenite, fiedlerite, and (new species) paralaurionite. Mineralogical Magazine: 12(55): 102-110.
de Schulten, A. (1905) Sur la fiedlerite. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 140: 315-316.
Lacroix, A., de Schulten, A. (1908) Note sur les minéraux plombifères des scories athéniennes du Laurion. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 31: 79-90 (83).
Goldschmidt, V. (1918) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 4: 4.
Palache, C. (1934) The form relations of the lead oxychlorides, laurionite, paralaurionite, and fiedlerite. Mineralogical Magazine: 23(146): 573-586.
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.67-69
Merlino, S., Pasero, M., Perchiazzi, N. (1994) Fiedlerite: revised chemical formula [Pb3Cl4F(OH)·H2O], OD description and crystal structure refinement of the two MDO polytypes. Mineralogical Magazine, 58 (390) 69-77 doi:10.1180/minmag.1994.058.390.07
Jambor, John L., Roberts, Andrew C., Vanko, David A. (1994) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 79 (9-10) 1009-1014 p.1014
Zubkova, N.V., Chukanov, N.V., Pekov, I.V., Pushcharovsky, D.Yu., Katerinopoulos, A., Voudouris, P., Magganas, A. (2019): New data on fiedlerite-1A from ancient slags of Lavrion, Greece: crystal structure and H-bonding. Doklady Akademii Nauk: 486(1): 83-87.
(2023) Fiedlerite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for FiedleriteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Guttaring
        • Waitschach
abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. ... +2 other references
Germany
 
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Düsseldorf
      • Essen
        • Dellwig
Weiß (1990)
Greece (TL)
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
40 (in German) +3 other references
Fritz Schreiber collection (U. Kolitsch SXRD analysis)
Fritz Schreiber collection +2 other references
Ko Jansen
Stephan Wolfsried collection
Gelaude et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Gelaude et al. (1996)
Gelaude et al. (1996)
Lacroix et al. (1908) +1 other reference
Italy
 
  • Lazio
    • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
      • Anzio
Marco Bonifazi collection
  • Tuscany
    • Livorno Province
      • Piombino
Franzini et al. (1992) +2 other references
South Africa
 
  • Mpumalanga
    • Nkangala District Municipality
      • Victor Khanye Local Municipality
        • Delmas
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Spain
 
  • Murcia
    • Mazarrón
Van der Berg et al. (2020)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Crantock
BMS Newsletter 79 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
    • County Durham
      • Healeyfield
Norman Wilson collection
    • Northumberland
      • Allendale
Norman Wilson personal collection
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