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Hydromagnesite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About HydromagnesiteHide

Formula:
Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O
Colour:
Colourless to white; colourless in transmitted light
Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky, Pearly, Earthy
Hardness:
Specific Gravity:
2.24 - 2.25
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1827 by Hans Gabriel Trolle-Wachmeister in allusion to the composition, being a HYDRated MAGNESium carbonate.
A low-temperature hydrothermal mineral occurring in veinlets in serpentine and altered magnesium-rich igneous rocks; also as an alteration product of brucite in periclase marbles.

Lowest hydrate in a group of similar species comprising also dypingite, giorgiosite, and 'UM1973-06-CO:MgH'.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1979
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1979:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
855d234d-903c-4854-9c23-1e7a6588890b

IMA Classification of HydromagnesiteHide

Classification of HydromagnesiteHide

5.DA.05

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
A : With medium-sized cations
16b.7.1.1

16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : Miscellaneous
11.3.7

11 : Carbonates
3 : Carbonates of Mg

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
HmgsIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of HydromagnesiteHide

Vitreous, Silky, Pearly, Earthy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
silky to pearly to dull in aggregates.
Colour:
Colourless to white; colourless in transmitted light
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {010}.
Parting:
Possible parting on {100}.
Density:
2.24 - 2.25 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.25 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of HydromagnesiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.523(3) nβ = 1.527(3) nγ = 1.545(1)
2V:
Measured: 50° , Calculated: 52°
Birefringence:
0.022
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.022
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
none

Chemistry of HydromagnesiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O

Crystallography of HydromagnesiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.105(5) Å, b = 8.954(2) Å, c = 8.378(4) Å
β = 114.44(5)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.129 : 1 : 0.936
Unit Cell V:
690.12 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals small, occurring as tufts, rosettes, or crusts of acicular or bladed crysta;s elongated [001] and flattened {100}. Massive, chalky.
Twinning:
Twin plane {100} and composition face {100}. Twinning very common, polysynthetic.
Comment:
pseudo-orthorhombic.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0009586HydromagnesiteAkao M, Iwai S (1977) The hydrogen bonding of hydromagnesite Acta Crystallographica B33 1273-127519770293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
9.20 Å(39)
6.40 Å(38)
5.79 Å(100)
4.58 Å(7)
4.46 Å(17)
4.186 Å(31)
4.090 Å(12)
4.022 Å(8)
3.856 Å(1)
3.812 Å(13)
3.503 Å(14)
3.317 Å(28)
3.207 Å(16)
3.142 Å(20)
3.101 Å(11)
3.088 Å(10)
3.063 Å(6)
2.919 Å(11)
2.899 Å(82)
2.779 Å(7)
2.692 Å(25)
2.637 Å(5)
2.556 Å(5)
2.543 Å(4)
2.529 Å(9)
2.504 Å(20)
2.478 Å(10)
2.469 Å(10)
2.442 Å(5)
2.417 Å(7)
2.387 Å(2)
2.350 Å(14)
2.298 Å(33)
2.233 Å(4)
2.207 Å(25)
2.189 Å(11)
2.186 Å(11)
2.174 Å(7)
2.161 Å(20)
2.154 Å(25)
2.146 Å(19)
2.137 Å(12)
2.093 Å(1)
2.040 Å(6)
2.025 Å(8)
2.012 Å(5)
1.994 Å(25)
1.988 Å(19)
1.974 Å(4)
Comments:
ICDD 25-513

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
13 : Hadean serpentinization
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)
55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals
Geological Setting:
Low-temperature, hydrothermal environments in serpentine and altered magnesium-rich igneous rocks.

Type Occurrence of HydromagnesiteHide

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Wachtmeister T (1828) Analys af ett pulverformigt mineral från Norra Amerika. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 1828, 17-19

Synonyms of HydromagnesiteHide

Other Language Names for HydromagnesiteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
72 photos of Hydromagnesite associated with ArtiniteMg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O
39 photos of Hydromagnesite associated with BruciteMg(OH)2
23 photos of Hydromagnesite associated with CallaghaniteCu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6 · 2H2O
23 photos of Hydromagnesite associated with MagnesiteMgCO3
23 photos of Hydromagnesite associated with AragoniteCaCO3
20 photos of Hydromagnesite associated with Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
19 photos of Hydromagnesite associated with CalciteCaCO3
11 photos of Hydromagnesite associated with DypingiteMg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5H2O
10 photos of Hydromagnesite associated with LizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
9 photos of Hydromagnesite associated with MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

5.DA.AlexkhomyakoviteK6(Ca2Na)(CO3)5Cl · 6H2OHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
5.DA.AmoraiteCa12Al6(OH)36(CO3)2(SO3) · 15H2O Tric. 1 : P1
5.DA.05DypingiteMg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5H2OMon.
5.DA.05GiorgiositeMg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5-6H2O
5.DA.05WidgiemoolthaliteNi5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
5.DA.05UM1986-10-CO:ClHMgMnZn (also called Mineral F, Dunn, 1995)Mg5(Zn,Mn)3(CO3)2(OH,Cl)12 · H2O
5.DA.05UM1987-01-CO:HMgSMg4(CO3)2(OH)4 · 6H2O ?Mon.
5.DA.10ArtiniteMg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
5.DA.10IndigiriteMg2Al2(CO3)4(OH)2 · 15H2O
5.DA.10ChlorartiniteMg2(CO3)(OH)Cl · 2H2OTrig. 3m : R3c
5.DA.15OtwayiteNi2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2OOrth.
5.DA.15ZaratiteNi3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ?Iso.
5.DA.20KambaldaiteNaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3 · 3H2OHex. 6 : P63
5.DA.25CallaghaniteCu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
5.DA.30Claraite(Cu,Zn)15(CO3)4(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)14 · 7H2OTric. 1 : P1
5.DA.35HydroscarbroiteAl14(CO3)3(OH)36 · nH2OTric.
5.DA.35ScarbroiteAl5(CO3)(OH)13 · 5H2OTric.
5.DA.40CaresiteFe2+4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2OTrig. 3 2 : P31 1 2
5.DA.40QuintiniteMg4Al2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2OHex. 6 2 2 : P63 2 2
5.DA.40CharmariteMn2+4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2OHex.
5.DA.40KarchevskyiteMg18Al9(OH)54Sr2(CO3)9(H2O)6 (H3O)5Trig.
5.DA.40UM1987-05-OH:AlCMgMg4Al2(OH)12(CO3,SO4) · 3H2O
5.DA.45Stichtite-2HMg6(Cr,Al)2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2OHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
5.DA.45BrugnatelliteMg6Fe3+(CO3)(OH)13 · 4H2OHex.
5.DA.45ChlormagaluminiteMg4Al2(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2OHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
5.DA.45Hydrotalcite-2HMg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2OHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
5.DA.45Pyroaurite-2HMg6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2OHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
5.DA.45ZaccagnaiteZn4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2OHex.
5.DA.45LiudongshengiteZn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
5.DA.50ComblainiteNi4Co2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2OTrig.
5.DA.50DesautelsiteMg6Mn3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m)
5.DA.50HydrotalciteMg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
5.DA.50PyroauriteMg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
5.DA.50ReevesiteNi6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
5.DA.50StichtiteMg6Cr3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
5.DA.50TakoviteNi6Al2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
5.DA.50KaznakhtiteNi6Co3+2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2OTrig. 3 : R3
5.DA.55CoalingiteMg10Fe3+2(OH)24[CO3] · 2H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
5.DA.55Akopovaite Al4Li2(OH)12(CO3)(H2O)3Mon. 2/m : B2/m
5.DA.60ŠlikiteZn2Mg(CO3)2(OH)2 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
5.DA.65MarkliteCu5(CO3)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b

Fluorescence of HydromagnesiteHide

Sometimes fluorescent.

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:
Before the blowpipe, infusible, but whitens and gives an alkaline reaction (ex. with tumeric paper).
In a closed tube gives off water and carbon dioxide.
Notes:
Soluble in acids. The process may be slow in cold acids but in hot acid it may be fast, with effervescence.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
None.

Internet Links for HydromagnesiteHide

References for HydromagnesiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for HydromagnesiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Princess Elizabeth Land
      • Ingrid Christensen Coast
Gore et al. (2000)
    • Victoria Land
      • Allan Hills
Marvin et al. (1980)
Australia
 
  • Australian Capital Territory
    • Paddy's River District
McQueen et al. (1988)
      • Paddy's River Mine
McQueen +3 other references
  • New South Wales
    • Buccleuch Co.
      • Coolac district
Minerals in podiform chromitites - Tumut Serpentinite Province et al. (1)
    • Darling Co.
      • Barraba
Oskierski et al. (2013) +1 other reference
    • Westmoreland Co.
Podgson RE
  • Tasmania
    • Huon Valley municipality
      • Huon-Channel region
        • Weld River district
R Bottrill in prep
Bottrill et al. (2008)
    • Waratah-Wynyard municipality
      • Heazlewood district
Bottrill et al. (2021)
    • West Coast municipality
Bottrill et al. (2008)
Bottrill et al. (2008)
  • Western Australia
    • Wiluna Shire
Wilson et al. (2014)
Mills et al. (2010)
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Guttaring
        • Waitschach
Kolitsch et al. (2013)
      • Micheldorf
        • Hirt
          • Griesserhof (Gulitzen; Gullitzen)
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
      • Sankt Georgen am Längsee
        • Launsdorf
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
  • Lower Austria
    • Melk District
      • Persenbeug-Gottsdorf
        • Loja
Löffler et al. (2011)
  • Salzburg
    • Salzburg
      • Untersberg massif
Strasser (1989)
    • Zell am See District
      • Leogang
        • Hütten
          • Schwarzleograben
            • Schwarzleo mining district
Leblhuber (2000)
      • Uttendorf
Strasser (1989)
Neschen (n.d.)
  • Styria
    • Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
      • Breitenau am Hochlantsch
        • Eibegggraben
Bojar et al. (2005)
    • Leoben District
      • Eisenerz
Seemann (1985)
      • Sankt Stefan ob Leoben
        • Lobminggraben
Meixner (1973)
    • Murtal District
Natural History Museum Vienna collection
      • Sankt Marein-Feistritz
Exel (1993)
      • Sankt Margarethen bei Knittelfeld
        • Sankt Lorenzen bei Knittelfeld
C.Auer (2019)
  • Tyrol
    • Kufstein District
      • Brixlegg
Lapis 19 (7/8) +1 other reference
    • Lienz District
      • Prägraten am Großvenediger
        • Dorferbach valley
Exel (1993)
  • Upper Austria
    • Gmunden District
      • Obertraun
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
      • Plombières
van Tassel et al. (1979)
    • Namur
      • Andenne
Bolivia
 
  • Cochabamba
    • Chapare Province
Wet chemistry analysis by Dr. Fritz ...
Federico Ahlfeld analysis.
Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955)
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
    • Bom Jesus da Serra
Mineralogical Record (1977)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Atlin Mining Division
Palache et al. (1951)
Peatfield (n.d.)
Palache et al. (1951)
    • Clinton Mining Division
        • 105 Mile House
          • Watson Lake
Peatfield (n.d.)
      • Clinton
Renaut et al. (1994)
Palache et al. (1951)
      • Ashcroft
        • Venables Valley
Peatfield (n.d.) +2 other references
  • Nova Scotia
    • Inverness Co.
Tupper (1963)
  • Ontario
162-165. +1 other reference
    • Greater Sudbury
      • Levack Township
Richard Gunter and Falconbridge ...
    • Hastings County
      • Centre Hastings Municipality
        • Madoc Township
Ottawa-Peterborough +1 other reference
Anthony et al. (1990)
        • Dungannon Township
Ref: Sabina (1986)
          • York River area
Sabina A. P (1977)
    • Nipissing District
      • Olrig Township
Geological Survey Of Canada Paper 70-50. +2 other references
  • Québec
    • Chaudière-Appalaches
      • Les Appalaches RCM
        • Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine
GAUDARD (1993)
        • Saint-Julien
SABINA (1967)
        • Thetford Mines
Maggie Wilson
    • Estrie
      • Les Sources RCM
        • Val-des-Sources
179-181. +2 other references
    • Outaouais
      • Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais RCM
        • Chelsea
Sabina (1987)
        • La Pêche
          • Wakefield
Hull-Maniwaki +1 other reference
  • Saskatchewan
Last et al. (2013)
Greengrass et al. (1999)
  • Yukon
    • Dawson mining district
Robinson et al. (1992)
Sabina (1972)
150-152. +2 other references
Chile
 
  • Magallanes
    • Tierra del Fuego Province
      • Porvenir
Zaytseva et al. (2021)
China
 
  • Jilin
    • Tonghua
      • Ji'an Co.
Zhaobin Su and Shaoying Jiang (1984)
  • Qinghai
    • Hainan
Sun Da-peng et al. (2002)
    • Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
      • Da Qaidam (Dachaidan Co.)
Dapeng Sun et al. (1984) +1 other reference
  • Shaanxi
    • Hanzhong
      • Ningqiang County
Zhaobin Su and Shaoying Jiang (1984)
  • Sichuan
    • Ya'an
      • Shimian County
Zhaobin Su and Shaoying Jiang (1984)
Zhaobin Su and Shaoying Jiang (1984)
  • Tibet
    • Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture)
      • Baingoin Co. (Bange Co.)
Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981) +2 other references
      • Nyima Co. (Nima Co.)
Yu et al. (2024)
Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981) +1 other reference
      • Xainza Co. (Shenzha Co.)
Zhaoyan Gu et al. (1994) +1 other reference
    • Ngari
      • Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.)
Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981) +1 other reference
  • Xinjiang
    • Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture (Bayingolin Autonomous Prefecture; Bayinguoleng Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Ruoqiang Co. (Qakilik Co.; Chaqiliq Co.)
Xiao Huiliang et al. (2003)
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Karlovy Vary District
      • Ostrov
        • Hanušov
          • Plavno mine
Sejkora et al. (2019)
  • Olomouc Region
    • Jeseník District
Kuttna +1 other reference
  • South Moravian Region
    • Brno-Country District
      • Ivančice
        • Hrubšice
KOVÁŘ O. et al. (2005) +1 other reference
  • Vysočina Region
    • Havlíčkův Brod District
      • Borek
Doubek
Finland
 
  • North Ostrobothnia
    • Kuusamo
Ilkka Järvelä collection
France
 
Stéphane LESIMPLE Collection
    • Southern Province
Stéphane LESIMPLE Collection
  • Occitanie
    • Gard
      • Le Vigan
        • Montdardier
Gol et al. (2010)
Gol et al. (2010)
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Céret
        • Oms
Joan Rosell et al. (2021)
        • Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Hautes-Alpes
      • Briançon
        • Cervières
Bertrand et al. (1980)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Emmendingen
        • Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl
Palache et al. (1951)
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Franconia
      • Haßberge District
        • Maroldsweisach
Wittern (2001)
    • Upper Franconia
      • Forchheim District
        • Wiesenttal
Fischbeck et al. (1971)
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Hochsauerlandkreis
        • Arnsberg
          • Hüsten
D. Pawlowski: "Mineralfundstellen im Sauerland" (Munich)
    • Cologne
      • Aachen
        • Stolberg
Blaß et al. (1995)
Blaß et al. (1995)
International Association of Collectors ...
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Mayen
in the collection of Christof Schäfer
      • Vordereifel
        • Ettringen
Blaß et al. (1999)
    • Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
      • Lahnstein
        • Friedrichssegen
Der Aufschluss Vol.55
    • Vulkaneifel
      • Gerolstein
        • Walsdorf
          • Zilsdorf
Beyer (1980) +1 other reference
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion Mining District
          • Km 3
            • Kaminiza mines
Blaß et al. (1998)
          • Sounion
            • Cato Sounio mines
Blaß et al. (1998)
Lapis et al. (1999) +1 other reference
  • Western Macedonia
Calvo et al. (1995)
Hungary
 
  • Budapest
Mineral Species of Hungary
Szakáll et al. (1996)
  • Veszprém County
    • Tapolca District
      • Uzsa
Kovács (2009)
Iran
 
  • Kerman Province
    • Arzuiyeh County
Italy
 
  • Aosta Valley
    • Cogne
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Brugnatelli (1903) +6 other references
Grill (1922) +4 other references
    • Gressoney-la-Trinité
Piccoli et al. (2007)
C.M. Gramaccioli (1975)
Ratto et al. (1967) +3 other references
C.M. Gramaccioli (1975)
    • Verrayes
Paolo Bosio collection
  • Campania
    • Naples
      • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
        • Mount Somma
          • Ercolano
Imma Punzo find & collection
            • San Vito
Russo et al. (2004)
Gruppo Mineralogico Geologico ...
          • Pollena Trocchia
Carati M.
        • Mount Vesuvius
          • Terzigno
Russo et al. (2004)
          • Torre del Greco
Russo (2003)
    • Salerno
      • Nocera Inferiore
Carati (1988)
  • Emilia-Romagna
    • Parma Province
      • Borgo Val di Taro
        • Roccamurata
GMPNP collection +1 other reference
    • Piacenza Province
      • Coli
Baldizzone (2008) +1 other reference
  • Lazio
    • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
Caponera et al. (2007)
Caponera et al. (2004)
      • Albano Laziale
Caponera et al. (2004)
De Michele (1974)
Onorato E. - Idromagnesite di Ariccia (Parco Chigi, Lazio)
      • Rome
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Ceranesi
        • Livellato
          • Case Lagoscuro
Biagioni et al. (2020)
      • Genoa
        • Borzoli
Giuseppe Pipino - L'antica miniera di ...
Antofilli
    • La Spezia Province
      • Carro
M. Boscardin - Informazioni di mineralogia italiana - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 7 et al. (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
Antofilli
M. Boscardin - Informazioni di mineralogia italiana - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 7 et al. (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
Antofilli
    • Savona Province
      • Magliolo
analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf
  • Lombardy
    • Bergamo Province
      • Cene
        • Rossa Valley
          • Monte Bò
Gianni Peracchi collection 2007
Gianni Peracchi collection +1 other reference
    • Sondrio Province
      • Lanzada
        • Franscia
Bedognè et al. (1993)
Bedognè et al. (1993)
      • Torre di Santa Maria
        • Ciappanico
Bedognè (1970) +1 other reference
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Casteldelfino
Del Caldo et al. (1973) +3 other references
      • Sampeyre
Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Balme
Maletto G. et al. (1976)
      • Lanzo Valleys
Palache et al. (1951)
      • Lessolo
        • Calea
Pane et al. (2018)
      • Viù
Piccoli et al. (2007)
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Re
Boscardin et al. (2013)
  • Sardinia
    • Sassari Province
      • Sassari
Ara D. et al. (2013)
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Teulada
Conti L et al. (Sardegna meridionale)
      • Villaputzu
Ciriotti M.E. and Blass.G. (2010)
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • Trento Province (Trentino)
      • Ala
        • Pilcante
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)
Del Caldo et al. (1973) +4 other references
        • Ronchi Valley
Del Caldo A. et al. (1973)
        • San Valentino Valley
Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)
      • Altopiano della Vigolana
        • Centa San Nicolò
          • Vigolana Mount
Guida ai minerali. F.Fabbri Ed.
      • Predazzo
De Michele (1974)
        • Latemar Group
Giulia Zanoni (1980)
Exel (1987)
      • San Giovanni di Fassa
De Michele (1974)
      • Terragnolo
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)
        • Borcola Pass
Zordan A. (2014)
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)
  • Tuscany
    • Livorno Province
      • Collesalvetti
        • Colognole
Bonifazi (2020)
      • Livorno
Bonifazi (2020)
Sammartino (2014)
    • Lucca Province
      • Stazzema
Benvenuti M. et al. (1992/93)
forum.fmal.com (n.d.)
    • Pisa Province
      • Castelnuovo di Val di Cecina
Brizzi et al. (3) +1 other reference
    • Prato Province
      • Prato
        • Monte Ferrato
Brizzi G. et al. (1996)
  • Veneto
    • Verona Province
      • Brentino Belluno
Morandi et al. (1970)
      • Selva di Progno
        • Giazza
Guglielmino (1996) +1 other reference
    • Vicenza Province
      • Arsiero
        • Contrada Draghi
Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
        • Riofreddo valley
          • Contrada Busati-Pasquali
Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
        • Tovo valley
          • Contrada Malgarini
Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
      • Calvene
Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
      • Cogollo del Cengio
        • Astico stream
Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
M. Boscardin: Località mineralogiche consigliate: Le cave della val d'Astico - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 10 et al. (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana) +1 other reference
      • Cornedo Vicentino
        • Spagnago
50 +1 other reference
      • Crespadoro
        • Chiampo Valley
Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
      • Laghi
Zordan A. (2014)
      • Monte di Malo
        • Contrada Vanzi
Pizzolaro M. (1989)
      • Pedemonte
        • Contrada Scalzeri
Boscardin M. et alii. "I minerali nel Vicentino" et al. (Vicenza)
      • Posina
        • Borcola Pass
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)
        • Punta della Lucche
Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza)
      • Schio
        • Tretto
          • Val Munari
            • Contrade Maglio-Pornaro
Boscardin et al. (1988) +1 other reference
      • Tonezza del Cimone
Guida ai minerali et al. (1973)
      • Torrebelvicino
        • Riolo Valley
Del Caldo A. et al. (1973)
      • Valdastico
"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)
Japan
 
  • Aichi Prefecture
    • Shinshiro city
Suzuki et al. (1976) +1 other reference
Suzuki et al. (1973)
  • Chiba Prefecture
    • Awa District
      • Kyonan-cho
Alfredo Petrov collection
  • Ehime Prefecture
    • Yawatahama City
Ohe Rikosha specimens
  • Fukuoka Prefecture
    • Iizuka City
Alfredo Petrov collection
    • Kasuya District
上原誠一郎. (1987)
  • Saitama Prefecture
    • Kodama District
Kosuge (1997)
Kyrgyzstan
 
  • Batken Region
    • Batken District
Filippov et al. (2013)
Mexico
 
  • Coahuila
    • Cuatro Ciénegas Municipality
      • Cuatro Ciénegas (Cuatrociénegas de Carranza; Venustiano Carranza)
        • Limestone caves
Forti (2006)
  • Puebla
    • Tepeyahualco Municipality
      • Alchichica
Kazmierczak et al. (2011)
Middle East
 
Gross (1977)
Mongolia
 
  • Zavkhan Province
    • Khan-Taishirin-Ula range
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Zagora Province
      • Agdz Cercle
        • Tansifte Caïdat
Favreau et al. (2006)
          • Aït Ahmane
found by Frank de Wit
New Zealand
 
  • Marlborough Region
    • Marlborough Sounds
Collection of RJ Martin correlated to ...
  • Southland Region
    • Southland District
      • Fiordland National Park
Kelsey
  • Tasman Region
    • Brightwater
Railton et al. (1990)
North Macedonia
 
  • Lipkovo Municipality
Hiessleitner (1934) +1 other reference
Norway
 
  • Møre og Romsdal
    • Sunndal
      • Litjdalen
Taagvold (2015)
  • Nordland
    • Rana
Hege Kilhavn et al. (2017)
  • Trøndelag
    • Oppdal
      • Vinstradalen
        • Risberget
Witsø (1994) +1 other reference
    • Røros
Raade (1973) +1 other reference
Collected on the dumps of the mine by ...
Rø (2018)
  • Viken
    • Modum
      • Snarum
G. Raade (2012)
Raade (1970) +1 other reference
Pakistan
 
  • Balochistan Region
Bashir et al. (2009)
Personal correspondence between Erin ...
Mitsuru Nakagawa (1996)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Polkowice County
      • Gmina Polkowice
        • Komorniki
Łukasz Kruszewski PXRD & EPMA data (2019)
  • Silesian Voivodeship
Warchulski et al. (2014)
    • Wodzisław County
Ł. Kruszewski PXRD data +1 other reference
Ł. Kruszewski PXRD data
Portugal
 
  • Beja
    • Odemira
      • São Luís
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
Romania
 
Canadian Mineralogist 40:1693-1703.
    • Nucet
Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 1693.
Onac et al. (2002)
    • Pietroasa
Onac et al. (1995)
  • Buzău County
Slavoaca
  • Mehedinti County
    • Dubova
Koller G.
Russia
 
  • Altai Republic
    • Ust-Koksinsky District
      • Terekta Ridge
        • Kyzyl-Uyuk locality
Igor V. Pekov data
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
Cesnokov et al. (1998)
  • Irkutsk Oblast
    • Lake Baikal area
    • Nizhneilimsky District
      • Zheleznogorsk-Ilimsky
Mandarino (2001)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Milkovsky District
      • Tolbachik Volcanic field
        • Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture)
  • Kurgan Oblast
    • Tselinny District
Novoselov +6 other references
[World of Stones 12:49]
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Asbest
Antonov A.A. [Антонов А.А.] (2003)
Serbia
 
Palache et al. (1951)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Revúca District
      • Jelšava
Koděra (1986)
Koděra (1986)
    • Rimavská Sobota District
      • Hnúšťa
Koděra (1986)
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
      • Jaklovce
Koděra (1986)
    • Rožňava District
      • Ochtiná
Cílek V.
South Africa
 
  • Gauteng
    • West Rand District Municipality
      • Far West Rand
        • Oberholzer
Martini (1978)
Martini (1978)
        • Western Sector
          • Carletonville
Martini (1978)
      • Mogale City Local Municipality
        • Krugersdorp
Martini (1978)
Martini (1978)
  • Limpopo
    • Capricorn District Municipality
      • Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality
Martini (1978)
    • Mopani District Municipality
      • Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Gliddon (1996)
  • Mpumalanga
    • Ehlanzeni District Municipality
      • Mbombela Local Municipality
        • Mbombela
Martini (1997)
  • North West
    • Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality
      • JB Marks Local Municipality
        • Potchefstroom
Martini (1978)
        • Ventersdorp
Martini (1978)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Málaga
      • Estepona
Juan C.Romero visual identificaction
      • Igualeja
Torres Ruiz (1993) +1 other reference
      • Ronda Massif
Romero Silva (2003)
  • Asturias
    • Salas
      • Carlés
Calvo (2012)
  • Balearic Islands
B. Onac et al (2009)
      • Escorca
Onac et al. (2005)
  • Basque Country
    • Biscay
      • Karrantza Harana/Valle de Carranza
Martínez-Arkarazo et al. (2007)
  • Castile and Leon
    • Segovia
Sanz-Montero et al. (2019)
  • Catalonia
    • Barcelona
      • Vallès Oriental
        • Gualba
Joan Rosell
Calvo (2012)
    • Girona
      • Ripollès
        • Molló
          • Espinavell
            • Roca del Toron
Mata i Perelló (1990)
  • Extremadura
    • Cáceres
Alonso-Zarza et al. (2011)
Sweden
 
  • Örebro County
    • Hällefors
      • Hjulsjö
Kjell Gatedal collection and ...
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Bernina Region
      • Poschiavo
Stalder et al. (1998)
Stalder et al. (1998)
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Valais
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Saint-Luc
86. (in German) +2 other references
  • Vaud
    • Aigle
      • Bex
Stalder et al. (1998)
Turkey
 
  • Elazığ Province
    • Alacakaya District
      • Alacakaya
Erik vercammen finds and collection
  • Erzurum Province
    • Aşkale District
      • Kop Daglari
Dietrich et al. (1978)
  • Eskişehir Province
    • Seyitgazi District
      • Kirka
www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)
Turkmenistan
 
  • Lebap
    • South Tien-Shan Mountains
      • Kugitangtau Ridge
Vladimir A. Maltsev (1993) +1 other reference
UK
 
  • England
    • Cumbria
Green et al. (2006)
      • Eden
        • Alston Moor
          • Nenthead
Green et al. (2000)
NHM London & S.Rust Collection
    • Somerset
      • Mendip
        • Cranmore
Mineralogical Magazine 1977 41 : ... +1 other reference
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Coconino County
      • Nautiloid Canyon
Anthony et al. (1995)
  • California
    • Alameda County
      • Arroyo Mocho
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 200. +3 other references
      • Cedar Mountain Mining District
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 200. +3 other references
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 200. +3 other references
      • Hayward
Harris E. Mason specimen and photo
      • Livermore Mining District (Tesla District)
Betts (n.d.)
Murdoch (1966)
    • Colusa County
      • Coast Ranges
Palache et al. (1951)
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 200. +3 other references
          • Wilbur Springs
Murdoch (1966)
    • Fresno County
      • Coalinga
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 200. +2 other references
      • Condon Peak
Murdoch (1966)
      • Kaiser Wilderness area
Ted A. Hadley and Daniel J. Evanich (2021)
      • Wright Mountain
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 200. +2 other references
American Mineralogist 1965: 50: ...
    • Imperial County
      • Wister
Adams et al. (2014)
    • Inyo County
Bailey (1902) +1 other reference
Pelletier
      • Bolinas
Murdoch (1966)
    • Merced County
      • Gustine
Murdoch (1966)
    • Napa County
Larsen (1922) +1 other reference
    • Riverside County
      • Jurupa Valley
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Chino Hill
Woodford et al. (1941)
            • Sky Blue Hill
American Mineralogist: 26: 351-381. +5 other references
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 200. +4 other references
        • Jurupa Mountains
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 200 +4 other references
    • San Benito County
      • Alta Peak
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 201. +2 other references
      • Goat Mountain
www.mikon-online.com (n.d.)
Dunning et al. (2005)
      • Idria (New Idria)
[… (abstract) +2 other references
western United States. Geochimica et ... +5 other references
      • Idria Peak
www.mineralsocal.org
Luetcke (n.d.)
American Mineralogist 1965: 50: ...
      • Picacho Peak
Luetcke (n.d.)
Murdoch (1966)
      • Sampson Peak
Gale (1914d) +3 other references
    • San Bernardino County
      • Belleville Mining District
        • Rodman Mountains
          • Sidewinder Mountain
MarekC collection 2019
      • Lucerne Valley Limestone District
        • Lucerne Valley
Campbell (1950) +2 other references
    • San Diego County
      • Julian Mining District
        • Julian
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 202. +2 other references
    • San Francisco County
      • San Francisco
with chemical analyses by W.T. ... +5 other references
with chemical analyses by W.T. ... +4 other references
Murdoch (1966)
    • San Luis Obispo County
      • Avila Beach
Murdoch (1966)
    • San Mateo County
      • Searsville Lake
Rogers (1923b) +1 other reference
    • Santa Barbara County
      • San Rafael Mountains
        • Cachuma Mining District
          • Cachuma Village
            • Figueroa Mountain
Murdoch (1966)
Murdoch (1966)
    • Santa Clara County
      • Black Wonder Mining District
        • East Foothills
Rogers (1923b) +1 other reference
        • Red Mountain
Betts (n.d.)
      • Calaveras Valley
Rogers (1923b) +1 other reference
    • Sonoma County
Luetcke (n.d.)
      • West Mayacmas Mining District
        • Cloverdale
Bradley (1940) +1 other reference
    • Stanislaus County
      • Black Wonder Mining District
        • Copper Mountain
Conti (2023)
San Francisco field district: ... +4 other references
        • Red Mountain
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 202-203. +1 other reference
western United States. Geochimica et ... +5 other references
  • Colorado
    • Clear Creek County
      • Georgetown District
        • Illinois Mine
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • El Paso County
      • Manitou Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Jefferson County
      • Clear Creek Canyon
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Hawaii
    • Kauai County
      • Kauai Island
Leveille +2 other references
  • Idaho
    • Bannock County
Davis et al. (1957)
  • Indiana
    • Crawford County
Erd et al. (1960)
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore County
      • Bare Hills
Pearre (1960)
      • Blue Mount
Rocks & Min.:12:247.
    • Cecil County
Mineralogical Record Vol 12 #3 May/June ...
    • Montgomery County
      • Rockville
Bernstein (1980)
  • Michigan
    • Ontonagon County
      • White Pine
Heinrich et al. (2004)
  • Nevada
    • Churchill County
      • Clan Alpine Mountains
        • Chalk Mountain Mining District
          • Chalk Mountain
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Lincoln County
      • Bristol and Jackrabbit Mining Districts
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Pioche Mining District
American Mineralogist 10:137-139
    • Mineral County
      • Fitting Mining District
Palache et al. (1951)
    • Nye County
      • Gabbs Mining District
        • Gabbs
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Lodi Hills
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Jersey
    • Hudson County
      • Hoboken
NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt (1900) +2 other references
NSS Bulletin 56:27-24 (1994)
    • Doña Ana County
      • Organ Mountains
        • Organ Mining District
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • Eddy County
      • Carlsbad Caverns National Park
Northrop et al. (1996)
Donald G. Davis - Extraordinary features of Lechuguilla Cave et al. (2) +1 other reference
    • Grant County
Northrop et al. (1996)
Manchester (1931)
    • New York City
The New York State Museum Catalog No. ...
Robinson et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Observed by David S. Bernstein- ...
Robinson et al. (2007)
Collected by Steve Okulewicz
Rocks & Minerals (1968)
    • Putnam County
      • Town of Southeast
Dana +1 other reference
  • North Carolina
    • Cleveland County
      • Kings Mountain
Hanahan (1985)
    • Mitchell County
      • Bakersville
Smithsonian Institution Mineral ...
  • Pennsylvania
    • Berks County
      • Spring Township
Gordon: Mineralogy of Pennsylvania
    • Chester County
      • Westtown Township
Mineral collecting in Pennsylvania
    • Lancaster County
      • Fulton Township
Lapham & Geyer
Personally Collected 4/12/2008
A.Mathauser collection +1 other reference
The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania +2 other references
      • Little Britain Township
        • Texas
Mineralogy of Pennsylvania (ref. Smith and Brush, 1853, 214) +1 other reference
    • Northampton County
      • Easton
        • Chestnut Hill
          • C.K. Williams Quarry complex
Rocks & Min.: 17:344.
  • Rhode Island
    • Providence County
      • Lincoln
        • Lime Rock
Michael W. Kieron collection +1 other reference
  • South Dakota
    • Custer County
      • Jewel Cave National Monument
Roberts et al. (1965)
      • Wind Cave National Park
KellerLynn (2009)
  • Tennessee
    • Hickman County
      • Coble
Travis A. Paris (2011)
    • Sevier County
Coskren et al. (2000)
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake County
      • Big Cottonwood Mining District
        • Brighton
          • Great Western Mine Group
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
    • San Juan County
      • Red Canyon Mining District
Olds et al. (2017)
  • Virginia
    • Bath County
NSS Bulletin 44:90-97 (1982)
    • Lee County
Dietrich (1990)
    • Wythe County
      • Wytheville
Dietrich (1990)
  • Washington
    • Ferry County
      • Danville Mining District
Cannon (1975)
    • Grant County
      • Soap Lake
Bennett (1962)
www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/okanogan.htm.
      • Nighthawk Mining District
Inventory of Washington Minerals +1 other reference
    • Stevens County
      • Chewelah Mining District
Campbell et al. (1962)
  • Wisconsin
    • Grant County
Cronin +1 other reference
    • Oneida County
      • Ladysmith-Rhinelander Metavolcanic Complex
Adams (1996)
Uzbekistan
 
  • Tashkent Region
    • Ohangaron District
Golovanov (UzSSR)
Zimbabwe
 
  • Mashonaland West
    • Zvimba District
Mineralogical Society of America - ...
  • Midlands
    • Zvishavane District
Palache et al. (1951)
 
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