Hydrozincite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Hydrozincite
Formula:
Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Colour:
White to grey, stained pale pink, or pale yellow or brown; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Silky, Pearly, Dull, Earthy
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
3.5 - 4
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1853 by Gustav Adolph Kenngott in allusion to its composition, containing water of hydration and zinc.
Type Locality:
Typically found as massive, earthy, porous to compact, powdery aggregates and encrustations of very small to microscopic crystals. The colour is white to grey, but it may be stained a wide variety of hues by impurities, with yellowish and brownish to pinkish hues predominating. An alteration product generally of sphalerite, also of hemimorphite, and smithsonite.
May be confused with the visually similar zinc carbonate-sulphate brianyoungite and with the very rare zinc carbonate sclarite.
Chemically related to parádsasvárite.
May be confused with the visually similar zinc carbonate-sulphate brianyoungite and with the very rare zinc carbonate sclarite.
Chemically related to parádsasvárite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1993
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1993:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
a8f43ee6-0b4b-41b0-903f-d30cb07506c2
IMA Classification of Hydrozincite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Hydrozincite
5.BA.15
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
A : With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
A : With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn
Dana 7th ed.:
16.4.1.1
16a.4.1.1
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)5(XO3)2Zq
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)5(XO3)2Zq
11.6.2
11 : Carbonates
6 : Carbonates of Zn and Cd
11 : Carbonates
6 : Carbonates of Zn and Cd
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Hznc | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Hydrozincite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Hydrozincite
Silky, Pearly, Dull, Earthy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
White to grey, stained pale pink, or pale yellow or brown; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {100}.
On {100}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.5 - 4 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.97 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hydrozincite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.630 nβ = 1.642 nγ = 1.750
2V:
Measured: 40° , Calculated: 40°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.120
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Chemistry of Hydrozincite
Mindat Formula:
Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Cu
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| CO2 | 16.90 % |
| ZnO | 71.42 % |
| Fe2O3 | 0.42 % |
| PbO | 0.36 % |
| PbCl2 | 0.51 % |
| H2O | 11.31 % |
| Total: | 100.92 % |
Crystallography of Hydrozincite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C1 2/m 1
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.58 Å, b = 6.28 Å, c = 5.41 Å
β = 95.51°
β = 95.51°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.162 : 1 : 0.861
Unit Cell V:
459.25 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals usually very small to microscopic, lath-like or bladed, flattened on {100} and elongated [001], often tapering to a sharp point. Typically found as massive aggregates of either powdery material, earthy and porous, to compact material, with fibrous radial structure, may be reniform. Dense agate-like masses, stalactic, and pisolitic.
Twinning:
Intimate twinning has been observed, but the morphology has not been reported.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009288 | Hydrozincite | Ghose S (1964) The crystal structure of hydrozincite, Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 Acta Crystallographica 17 1051-1057 |  | 1964 | Goodsprings, Nevada, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.77 Å | (100) |
| 5.71 Å | (5) |
| 5.37 Å | (10) |
| 3.99 Å | (20) |
| 3.81 Å | (5) |
| 3.66 Å | (40) |
| 3.37 Å | (5) |
| 3.14 Å | (50) |
| 2.92 Å | (20) |
| 2.85 Å | (30) |
| 2.74 Å | (10) |
| 2.72 Å | (60) |
| 2.69 Å | (20) |
| 2.58 Å | (10) |
| 2.48 Å | (70) |
| 2.394 Å | (5) |
| 2.336 Å | (10) |
| 2.301 Å | (20) |
| 2.253 Å | (5) |
| 2.213 Å | (10) |
| 2.177 Å | (5) |
| 2.086 Å | (5) |
| 2.064 Å | (10) |
| 2.041 Å | (5) |
| 2.006 Å | (5) |
| 1.944 Å | (5) |
| 1.915 Å | (30) |
| 1.902 Å | (30) |
| 1.842 Å | (10) |
| 1.814 Å | (10) |
| 1.774 Å | (20) |
| 1.745 Å | (5) |
| 1.688 Å | (40) |
| 1.657 Å | (10) |
| 1.646 Å | (5) |
| 1.609 Å | (5) |
| 1.573 Å | (20) |
| 1.559 Å | (10) |
| 1.547 Å | (5) |
| 1.521 Å | (5) |
| 1.498 Å | (5) |
| 1.466 Å | (20) |
| 1.451 Å | (5) |
| 1.401 Å | (10) |
| 1.368 Å | (10) |
| 1.359 Å | (5) |
| 1.345 Å | (10) |
Comments:
ICDD 19-1458 natural material, Goodsprings, Nevada
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Geological Setting:
Oxidized zones of zinc mineral deposits, particularly those with sphalerite.
Type Occurrence of Hydrozincite
Synonyms of Hydrozincite
Other Language Names for Hydrozincite
Dutch:Hydrozinkiet
French:Zinconise
Italian:Idrozincite
Polish:Hydrocynkit
Russian:Гидроцинкит
Simplified Chinese:水锌矿
Spanish:Hidrocincita
Hidrozincita
Hidrozincita
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 237 photos of Hydrozincite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 180 photos of Hydrozincite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 179 photos of Hydrozincite associated with Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| 126 photos of Hydrozincite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 85 photos of Hydrozincite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 73 photos of Hydrozincite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 68 photos of Hydrozincite associated with Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 54 photos of Hydrozincite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 49 photos of Hydrozincite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 47 photos of Hydrozincite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.BA. | Perchiazziite | Co2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.05 | Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Georgeite | [Cu(OH)2-x(H2O)x][CO3]x/2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Glaukosphaerite | (Cu,Ni)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Kolwezite | CuCo(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Mcguinnessite | (Mg,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Nullaginite | Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Pokrovskite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Zincrosasite | (Zn,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Chukanovite | Fe2+2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Parádsasvárite | Zn2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.15 | Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 5.BA.20 | Holdawayite | Mn6(CO3)2(OH)7(Cl,OH) |
| 5.BA.25 | Defernite | Ca6(CO3)1.58(Si2O7)0.21(OH)7[Cl0.50(OH)0.08(H2O)0.42] |
| 5.BA.25 | UM1977-03-COSiO:CaClH | Ca10-11(CO3)7(SiO4)Cl1-2(OH)1-2 |
| 5.BA.30 | Loseyite | (Mn2+,Zn,Mg)4Zn3(CO3)2(OH)10 |
| 5.BA.30 | Sclarite | Zn7(CO3)2(OH)10 |
Fluorescence of Hydrozincite
Light blue (SW UV). May fluoresce weak gray, white, or pale yellow in mid-wave and long wave. Probably does not phosphorece except due to mixture with other species.
blue shortwave-excited luminescence excited by SW UV caused by titanate groups (TiO6)
blue shortwave-excited luminescence excited by SW UV caused by titanate groups (TiO6)
Other Information
Electrical:
Readily soluble in acids.
Observed as pseudomorphs after Dolomite.
Observed as pseudomorphs after Dolomite.
Thermal Behaviour:
H2O and CO2 are lost starting at about 230°, leaving ZnO.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
A minor ore of zinc.
Internet Links for Hydrozincite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1993.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Hydrozincite
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.90
Prider, Rex T. (1941) Hydrozincite from Narlarla, West Kimberley district, Western Australia. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 26 (173) 60-65 doi:10.1180/minmag.1941.026.173.04
Jambor, J. L. (1964) Studies of basic copper and zinc carbonates: I - synthetic zinc carbonates and their relationship to hydrozincite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 8 (1) 92-108
Jambor, J. L., Pouliot, G. (1965) X-ray crystallography of aurichalcite and hydrozincite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 8 (3) 385-389
Frost, Ray L., Hales, Matt C., Wain, Daria L. (2008) Raman spectroscopy of smithsonite. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 39 (1). 108-114 doi:10.1002/jrs.1835
Hales, M. C., Frost, R. L. (2008) Thermal analysis of smithsonite and hydrozincite. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 91 (3) 855-860 doi:10.1007/s10973-007-8571-0
Localities for Hydrozincite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Singer et al. (2009) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Louha +5 other references |
Argentina | |
| N. Pezzutti y M. K. de Brodtkorb (1975) |
| A. Brodtkorb y M. K. de Brodtkorb (1999) | |
Australia | |
| McQueen +2 other references |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Econ Geol (1986) |
| Tony Parker collection |
| Stuart Mills | |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Francis (2010) |
| Noble R.J. +1 other reference |
| Vivian et al. (1987 ) |
| |
| Kolitsch et al. (1999) |
| Bottrill (2018) |
| Nickel et al. (1993) |
| Mineralogical Record 24 | |
| Grice et al. (1991) | |
| Dept of Mines (1990) |
| Ferguson (1999) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references | |
| Hancock et al. (2007) |
| Hancock et al. (2007) | |
| Hancock et al. (2007) | |
| Secondary Minerals from the Braeside ... +3 other references | |
| Hancock et al. (2007) | |
| Secondar Minerals from the Braeside ... +4 other references | |
| Hancock et al. (2007) | |
| Secondary Minerals from the Braeside ... +3 other references | |
| Secondary Minerals from the Braeside ... +3 other references | |
| Ferguson (1999) |
| Butt et al. (1980) |
| Downes et al. (2017) |
| Downes et al. (2017) | |
| Ferguson (1999) |
| Ferguson (1999) | |
| Ferguson (1999) |
Austria | |
| Hiden (1997) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Walter (2020) |
| Hiden (1997) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| C.Auer (2013) |
| Niedermayr (1993) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Hiden (1997) |
| A.Pichler (2012) |
| |
| G. Blass (2001) |
| A.Pichler (2012) |
| C.Auer (2017) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Kolitsch (2016) |
| G. Blass (2000) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr (1987) +1 other reference |
| Puttner | |
| A.Pichler (2003) |
| A.Pichler (2003) | |
| www.indra-g.at (2016) | |
| Pichler (2003) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| C.Auer (2024) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| PICHLER (2009) | |
| G.Indra (2012) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Martin Rich collection | |
| Gerhard Niedermayr (EMSER HEFTE-GALERIE) | |
| Steir.Mineralog 25/2011 |
| Puttner (1996) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| R. Hiden: Der Steirische Mineralog 8 (11) |
| Hiden (1997) | |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| R. Hiden: Der Steirische Mineralog 4 (6) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Hiden (1997) |
| Hiden (1997) |
| Hiden (1997) |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001) |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 170./90.:46-47 (1980) |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt) +1 other reference | |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (1999) | |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt) |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt) |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt) | |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt) +1 other reference | |
| |
| |
| G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt) |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Chris Auer | |
| Chris Auer | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| MEIXNER (1976) +1 other reference |
| [Mineralogical Record 29:184] |
| Auer (2004) |
| C.Auer (2013) | |
| Huber et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
| C (2014) | |
| C.Auer (2013) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2008) |
| Hagenguth et al. (1982) |
| MEFOS 20 |
| Thiele (1986) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| H.Meixner (1974) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Schachinger et al. (2015) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Strasser (1989) +1 other reference |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Lewandowski et al. (2006) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (2009) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| C.Auer (1986) |
| Schachinger et al. (2013) |
| Tufar (1963) +1 other reference |
| C.Auer (2019) |
| Mitteilungen der Abteilung für Mineralogie am Landesmuseum Joanneum (1983) |
| Carinthia II (1986) |
| C.Auer (2014) |
| "Die Eisenblüte" 3/1981 |
| Auer (2023) |
| Chris Auer |
| [Lapis 1992: 2 p.19-30] |
| Postl (2001) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Haditsch (1967) |
| C.Auer (2012) |
| Jakely (2008) |
| Jakely (2008) |
| Christian Steck collection +2 other references |
| 50. (in German) +1 other reference |
| IRIS database of Geological Survey ... |
| Exel (1993) |
| Steck (2022) |
| C.Auer (2013) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
| Poeverlein et al. (2007) | |
| Der Aufschluß (2006) | |
| Lapis 2007 | |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| Exel (1993) |
| P.Arthofer et al. (1998) |
| Peter Arthofer |
| Arthofer (2004) | |
| Brandstetter et al. (2020) |
| Kappelmüller (2000) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Exel (1982) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Kolitsch (2012) |
| Kolitsch (2009) | |
Belgium | |
| Ottenburgs et al. (1998) |
| Yannick Verbelen |
| Mélon et al. (1976) +1 other reference | |
| Paul De Bondt collection |
| Michel BLONDIEAU et al. (2018) |
| Rocks & Minerals (xxxx) +3 other references |
| van Tassel et al. (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Hatert et al. (2002) | |
| Hatert et al. (2002) |
| Hatert et al. (2002) | |
| Michel Blondieau collection |
| van Tassel. R. (1979) |
| Van Troyen et al. (2018) | |
| Blondieau (1997) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| F. Ahlfeld & J. Munoz-Reyes (1955) |
| Alfredo Petrov and Jaroslav Hyrsl ... |
| Wilson (2001) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| |
Bulgaria | |
| Lips (2006) |
| ATANASSOVA +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Belik (1973) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Paradis et al. (2015) |
| Paradis et al. (2015) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| MINFILE No 104A 008 |
| Sabina +1 other reference |
| |
| Jambor (1964) |
| Badham (1975) |
| Stavinga et al. (2017) |
| Rich et al. (1977) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Sabina |
| Sabina (1983) |
| Reiner Mielke |
| Estrie and Gaspesie +2 other references |
| 166-175. +2 other references |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
Chile | |
| Maurizio Dini - analysed material by ... |
| Wet Chemical by Gerhard Möhn |
China | |
| Liangming Fan and Wenjun Liu (1982) |
| Andrew Haighton Collection |
| Guoxiang Chi (1992) |
| www.smartminerals.com (n.d.) |
| Changqing Zhang et al. (2005) |
| Changqing Zhang et al. (2005) | |
| Changqing Zhang et al. (2005) | |
| Zhongguo Jin and Zhilong Huang (2009) | |
| Changqing Zhang et al. (2005) | |
| Zhongguo Jin and Zhilong Huang (2009) +1 other reference | |
| Changqing Zhang et al. (2005) +2 other references | |
| Keyong Deng et al. (2007) | |
| Changqing Zhang et al. (2005) | |
| Zhongguo Jin and Zhilong Huang (2009) | |
| Changqing Zhang et al. (2005) | |
| Changqing Zhang et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Shaoyin Huang (1975) |
| Yilu Yang and Xianjun Bao (2007) |
| Juemin Bao et al. (2003) |
| Shengyun Fu et al. (2006) | |
| Minzhi Yang (2003) |
| Huaping Zhu and Dequan Zhang (2002) +1 other reference |
| Huaping Zhu and Dequan Zhang (2004) | |
| Zhang Xingbing (1999) |
| Xiaohu Wang et al. (2008) |
| Yongjun Wang et al. (2012) |
| Khin Zaw et al. (2007) |
| Zejiang Wang (1981) +3 other references | |
| Zejiang Wang (1981) +1 other reference |
| Guibing Dan et al. (2007) |
| Yingchao Liu et al. (2013) |
| Jiang et al. (2021) |
| Chuandong Xue et al. (2008) |
| minfans +1 other reference | |
| Xian Yang et al. (2013) |
| Jianguo Gao et al. (2005) |
| Xinpei Jiang (1994) |
| Hercule Shen |
| Hercule Shen | |
| Jiajun Liu et al. (2010) |
| Jiafeng Bai et al. (1985) +4 other references | |
| Zhu et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Yunman Zhou (2003) +1 other reference |
| Chen (2002) |
| Changqing Zhang et al. (2005) |
| - (documented by various photos) | |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality ... |
| RÜSENBERG et al. (1996) |
| |
| C.Auer 1992 |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) |
| Fojt |
| Kruťa |
| Kuttna +1 other reference |
| Pauliš P. Nejzajímavější ... |
| Zbynek Burival collection |
| Slavíček |
| Sejkora et al. (2008) |
| Houzar S.: Zinkem a baryem bohaté minerální asociace (sfalerit - Zn-spinel - hyalofán - Ba-flogopit) |
DR Congo | |
| Deliens (1996) +1 other reference |
Egypt | |
| Richard de Nul collection |
France | |
| Gol D. (2009) |
| • Martin et al. (2004) |
| Médard P. et al. (2006) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Designolle J-L. (1993) |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| Coueille (1988) |
| Paul Poulain | |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| De Ascencao Guedes R. (2001) |
| in BRGM archives |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| OLLIC Pascal Collection |
| Germain C. (1995) |
| Pillard F. et al. (1985) |
| P&T N°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin) |
| Wittern |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Cédrick Gineste 22.12.2012. |
| Pascale & Daniel Journet |
| Belot (1978) |
| Patrice Queneau Collection |
| Gol (2014) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Les Anciennes mines de Padern - Montgaillard ( Aude ) |
| www.zampano.com (n.d.) |
| C. Gineste |
| Boisson et al. (2014) | |
| Le Cahier des micromonteurs |
| Le Cahier des Micromonteurs |
| Gol et al. (2010) |
| Gol et al. (2010) | |
| Queneau Patrice collection |
| Georges FAVREAU collection and EDX ... |
| Aufschluss 1974 (3) | |
| Boisson et al. (2014) |
| Lebocey (2009) |
| A.LANDEL ET AL. (1970) |
| A.LANDEL ET AL. (1970) | |
| A.LANDEL ET AL. (1970) | |
| Belot (1978) |
| Lips (2006) | |
| D. Gol (2009) |
| Patrice Queneau Collection |
| BERBAIN et al. (2010) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Le Cahier des Micromonteurs |
| Dubru. M (1986) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) | |
| Collection and EDX analysis Georges ... |
| R. Pierrot |
| ... |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot |
| Analysed by the french BRGM (National Office for Geological and Mining Research) +1 other reference |
| Pierrot et al. (1972) +1 other reference |
| Pierrot et al. (1972) |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| self collected S. MAURY 2018 | |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot | |
Germany | |
| Boisson et al. (2014) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Gruber (2000) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2020) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Lapis 9 (1) |
| 54. +1 other reference |
| Obermüller (2003) |
| ex.coll. Kastning |
| Blessing et al. (1991) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Lapis (1) |
| 70. +1 other reference |
| |
| |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Erik Vercammen collection | |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| J. Gröbner (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Gröbner (2007) | |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| Blaß et al. (2021) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| Bender et al. (1994) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Henrich (2008) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Reinhardt et al. (2016) | |
| Lapis (1) |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Graf et al. (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Aufschluss 90 (2) |
| Aufschluss 90 (2) | |
| Aufschluss 90 (2) | |
| International Association of Collectors of Slag Minerals (3) +1 other reference | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Vetter et al. (1991) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Henrich (2007) | |
| www.mineralienfreunde-der-pfalz.de (2015) |
| Collection Hartmute Hensel |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| [Blass +1 other reference | |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Graf et al. (1991) |
| Markl et al. (1990) |
| Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen et al. (Munich) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Thomas Luehr collection |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Thomas Lühr |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Stolze et al. (09/2020) |
| U. Ludwig |
| Schlegel (1991) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Frenzel (1895) |
| Giester et al. (2014) |
| Fritz Schreiber specimen | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection |
| Hanke (1998) |
| Branko Rieck collection |
| |
| |
| Lapis et al. (1999) | |
| |
| Branko Rieck collection |
| Lapis et al. (1999) | |
| Lapis et al. (1999) |
Greenland | |
| Knut Eldjarn Collection |
| Rehnström (2014) |
Guatemala | |
| www.mineralmundi.com |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll et al. (2013) |
| 100 mineral localities of Hungary: ... +3 other references |
| Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min.Spec. +1 other reference | |
| Szakáll-Gatter-Jánosi: Minerals of ... | |
India | |
| Willies (1987) |
Iran | |
| Wilke (1977) |
| Jörg Reichert | |
| Bariand |
| Wilke (1977) |
| Bariand | |
| Mondillo et al. (2017) |
| Rajabi et al. (2022) |
| case study: Chah-Talkh non-sulfide Zn–Pb deposit (Sirjan, south of Iran) +2 other references |
| Javanshir. A. 2007. Mineralogy et al. (Mo) |
| Ghasemi et al. (2008) +1 other reference | |
| M Nazari collection |
| USGS database +1 other reference |
Ireland | |
| Dr Stephen Moreton |
| Balassone et al. (2008) |
| Moreton et al. (2007) |
| Moreton et al. (2007) | |
| Barry Flannery Collection |
| |
| S. MORETON et al. (1999) | |
| Balassone et al. (2008) |
Isle of Man | |
| Day (1999) |
Italy | |
| [Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23 |
| Russo et al. (2004) |
| Bartoli et al. (2008) |
| Bartoli et al. (2008) | |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2018) |
| A. del Caldo +1 other reference |
| Giorgio Bortolozzi collection (visual identification) |
| Analyses of Anthony Kampf of Natural ... |
| M.E. Ciriotti Probed 2005 |
| Bertolini A. Rivista Mineralogica ... |
| Gramaccioli et al. (1992) |
| G.M.Gramaccioli |
| Gramaccioli | |
| Maida (2002) |
| Del Caldo et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Maida et al. (2012) |
| Vergani et al. (2021) |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Itinerari Mineralogici della Lombardia ... |
| Boscardin et al. (1970) | |
| AA.VV. | |
| Luigi Possenti Collection |
| Luigi Possenti Collection |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Vergani et al. (2021) |
| forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) | |
| Giovanni Scapin Collection |
| ALBERTINI C. (2014) |
| Lapis (10) |
| Piccoli G.C. et al. (2007) |
| Mattioli V. (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Albertini C. (2014) |
| Albertini C. (2014) | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Giorgio Bortolozzi visual identification |
| Fiori et al. (1995) |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification) |
| Ara D. et al. (2013) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| P.Stara | |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification) |
| P.Stara | |
| Stara | |
| Stara P. (1996) | |
| Stara | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1989) | |
| Pflügel (1982) | |
| |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Preite et al. (2007) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Antonio Gamboni collection +1 other reference | |
| De Michele (1974) +1 other reference |
| Stara | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| De Michele (1974) | |
| Guida ai minerali Gruppo editore Fabbri ... |
| Guida ai minerali Gruppo editore Fabbri ... | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Lovisato (1908) |
| www.associazionemineralogicasarda.it (n.d.) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana 4/1992-"I minerali del giacimento di Monte Tamara (Nuxis) |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Ciriotti M.E. and Blass.G. (2010) |
| Stara et al. (1993) | |
| Stara et al. (1993) | |
| Exel (1987) |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification) +1 other reference | |
| Exel (1987) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| |
| Exel (1987) | |
| Giorgio Bortolozzi |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification) |
| Bortolozzi G.M. et al. (2022) |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification) +1 other reference |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification) |
| Canal et al. (2012) |
| Rocchetti I. (2012) |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification) |
| Giorgio Bortolozzi visual ... |
| Giorgio Bortolozzi visual identification | |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification) | |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Vecchi et al. (2013) |
| |
| Paolo Gasparetto et al. (2014) |
| Giorgio Bortolozzi visual identification +1 other reference | |
| Giorgio Bortolozzi visual ... | |
| Marinai |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) | |
| Sabelli C. et al. (GR) | |
| Bazzoni et al. (2007) | |
| Batacchi et al. (2011) |
| Bazzoni et al. (2001) | |
| AA. VV. |
| P. Rögner et al. (2000) |
| Orlandi et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Biagioni et al. (2008) |
| Orlandi et al. (1980) +2 other references |
| Merlino et al. (2001) +2 other references |
| Franzini et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Ciuffardi (2005) | |
| Armando del Taglia find & collection +1 other reference | |
| Orlandi et al. (1980) +1 other reference | |
| Orlandi (2004) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2002) |
| Biagioni et al. (2014) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Catullo (1827) +8 other references | |
| Dondi M. et al. (1995) | |
| Giordano (2014) |
| Sergio Pegoraro et al. (2022) +2 other references |
| Pegoraro S. et al. (2009) |
| Giorgio Bortolozzi photo & specimen | |
| Pegoraro S. (2014) | |
| Saccardo D. et al. (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza) |
| Maini et al. (2000) |
Japan | |
| John Rakovan |
| Minato +1 other reference |
| Ohnishi et al. (2001) |
| Ohe Rikosha specimens |
| Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970) |
Kazakhstan | |
| USGS Mineral Resources Data |
Luxembourg | |
| Heinen (1996) +1 other reference |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1963) |
Mexico | |
| Wilson (1980) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Mineralogical Record 39:6 pp55-62 +1 other reference |
| Querol +1 other reference |
| Vargas et al. (1993) |
| Megaw (2023) |
| Megaw (2023) |
| C. Lemanski collection (7039CL) |
| Rocks & Min.: 56:247. +2 other references |
| Thomas P. Moore (2008) | |
Morocco | |
| Flavien Choulet et al. (2014) |
| Georges Favreau collection |
| Flavien Choulet et al. (2014) |
| Flavien Choulet et al. (2014) |
Myanmar | |
| Barber et al. (2017) |
Namibia | |
| Kleser et al. (2008) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| www.metalin.com (2002) +2 other references |
Norway | |
| Frigstad (1970) +2 other references |
| Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) | |
| Henrich Neumann (1985) | |
| Knut Eldjarn Collection |
| Raade (1997) |
| Husdal (2023) |
| Vokes (1963) +1 other reference |
| Frigstad (1970) +1 other reference |
| Bryhni (1993) |
| Burvald (2018) |
| Burvald (2018) | |
| Nordrum (2007) +1 other reference |
| Frigstad (1970) +1 other reference |
| Peter Andresen |
| |
| Andersen et al. (1996) |
| Eldjarn (1977) |
| Raade (1995) | |
| Raade (1995) | |
| Raade (1995) | |
| Goldschmidt (1911) +1 other reference |
| Berg | |
| Berg (1994) |
| Raade (1993) +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| Arfè et al. (2017) +2 other references |
| Arfè et al. (2017) +1 other reference | |
| geological and mineralogical characterization. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists (2) +2 other references |
| Amstutz +2 other references |
Poland | |
| Górny A. (2007) |
| Coppola et al. (2009) |
| Coppola et al. (2009) |
| Siuda et al. (2003) |
| Nowinska (2020) |
Portugal | |
| Marques de Sá et al. (2010) |
| |
| Pimentel et al. (2007) |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| Identified in Rebentão Mine |
| Luis Martins collection |
Republic of the Congo | |
| Alejandro Felix Collection |
Romania | |
| Szakáll (2002) |
Russia | |
| Rakhimov et al. (2023) |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| USGS Open File Report 1976-0865 |
Slovakia | |
| Bancík T. (2014) |
| Števko M. (2014) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Slovenia | |
| Rečnik (2014) |
| Scopolia - Journal of the Slovenian ... |
| Bancroft et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Terzić (1972) +1 other reference | |
| Žorž et al. (2002) |
South Africa | |
| Gutzmer (2006) |
Spain | |
| Calvo (2012) |
| Calvo (2012) |
| Arana (1973) |
| CALDERON (191O) +1 other reference |
| Romero Silva JC (2003) |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Recent Discoveries. 5ª Ed. Londres +1 other reference |
| Dana 6: 299. |
| Calvo (2012) |
| Calvo (2012) |
| Echevarría (2000) |
| Echevarría (2000) | |
| Bocamina nº 0 | |
| Covaciella (Pedro García) |
| Revista de minerales (Mars) |
| Echevarría (2000) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) | |
| Echevarría (2000) | |
| Echevarría (2000) |
| Echevarría (2000) | |
| Echevarría (2000) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Calvo (2012) |
| Castro et al. (2001) |
| García +3 other references |
| García +4 other references |
| Calvo (2012) |
| Dana (1892) +1 other reference | |
| Jordi Fabre | |
| Calvo (2018) | |
| Navarro-Ciurana et al. (2016) |
| Calvo et al. (2002) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| FMF Forum |
| Joan Rosell | |
| Joaquim Mollfulleda |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya (2/3) |
| Joan Rosell |
| Mata i Perelló (1990) |
| |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008) |
| Mata i Perelló (1990) +1 other reference |
| |
| Calvo.M. (2012) |
| Joan Rosell |
| Calvo.M. (2012) |
| Calvo (2012) |
| Calvo (2012) |
| Calvo (2012) |
| Juan Miguel Casanova |
Sweden | |
| Johansson (2016) |
| Öhman et al. (2000) |
| Wilke (1976) |
| Kjell Gatedal collection and ... |
Switzerland | |
| Gröbner (2014) |
| Gröbner J. (2017) |
| Schenk et al. (2008) |
| Jahn et al. (2010) |
| |
| Schmutz et al. (1986) |
| Le Cristallier Suisse (7) | |
| Vanini F. et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Ansermet S. (1996) |
| |
| Kolitsch et al. (1996) +1 other reference | |
| |
| 50. (in German) +1 other reference | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Philippe Roth's collection | |
| Philippe Roth's collection | |
| |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| 86. (in German) +2 other references | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tajikistan | |
| Badalov et al. (1975) |
Thailand | |
| specimen in my collection +1 other reference |
Tunisia | |
| Garnit et al. (2018) |
| G. Brandstetter collection +1 other reference |
| Garnit et al. (2018) |
| P Haas collection (ex J Chervet specimen) |
| Jemmali et al. (2011) |
| Garnit et al. (2018) |
Turkey | |
| CSA Global (2019) |
| Kines (1969) |
| Santoro (2015) +1 other reference |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1641 +1 other reference |
| Arik (2012) |
| Çağatay et al. (1989) |
UK | |
| S. Rust collection. |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| P Haas (collected 2008) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| G.Curtis collection | |
| |
| |
| - (2006) +1 other reference |
| Young (1987) +2 other references | |
| Kingsbury (MS1) +1 other reference |
| Green et al. (2008) |
| Bridges et al. (2008) | |
| Bridges et al. (2011) | |
| Day (1999) |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| Norman Wilson collection |
| |
| Green et al. (2000) |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Ford et al. (1965) +1 other reference |
| Ford et al. (1993) | |
| Ford et al. (1993) | |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Day (1999) | |
| Jones (1982) |
| Day (1999) |
| Ford et al. (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Collection Richard De Nul | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Paul Nicholson Collection |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Day (1999) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| |
| Rust (1995) |
| Day (1999) | |
| |
| Livingstone et al. (1976) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| S Rust collection |
| S Rust collection |
| S. Rust collection | |
| S Rust collection |
| S.Rust Collection |
| |
| Observation by Dr Stephen Moreton. |
| Minerals of Machen Quarry |
| National Museum of Wales database |
| Day (1999) | |
| Rust et al. (1988) | |
| Day (1999) |
| |
| S Rust collection |
| |
| |
| S. Rust collection | |
| Jones (1987) | |
| |
| Green et al. (1996) +2 other references |
| National Museum of Wales database +1 other reference | |
| Bevins et al. (1982) |
| Day (1999) | |
| Day (1999) |
| A. K. Alwan and P. A. Williams (1979) |
| |
| S. Rust collection |
| S. Rust collection | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Day (1999) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Rust et al. (1987) | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Garfield et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) | |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) +1 other reference | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Cooper (1957) +2 other references |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Mr. Roy Parsons |
| Butler et al. (1938b) +2 other references |
| Ronald C. Render | |
| Galbraith. F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959) |
| Keith (1972) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| MinRec 19 (3) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| C. Lemanski |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Short et al. (1943) +4 other references | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10103551 |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10046339 |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Ronald Render-field collected at Alto ... |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Wilson (1933) +1 other reference |
| Keith (1978) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10037078 | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10037073 | |
| Wilson (1933) +3 other references |
| Jay Ellis Ransom |
| Rocks and Minerals (1988) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64 (4) | |
| Rocks & Minerals (1989) | |
| Rocks & Minerals | |
| - (2005) |
| Dana 6: 1083. | |
| Jay Ellis Ransom | |
| Jay Ellis Ransom | |
| Howard (1987) +1 other reference | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 229 +3 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) | |
| |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 229 +4 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 229 +4 other references |
| Mineralogical Record (1984) |
| Murdoch et al. (1942) +2 other references |
| Hall (1958) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 23:504-507. | |
| |
| Calif. Div. of Mines & Geology Bull. #189 et al. (1966) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 228 +5 other references |
| Merriam (1963) +1 other reference | |
| Slaughter (2023) |
| Kampf et al. (2016) |
| Robert M. Housley (2005) |
| Robert M. Housley (2005) | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 229 +3 other references |
| Hall (1963) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 229. +3 other references |
| Tucker et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Tucker (1921) +2 other references |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| U.S. Geological Survey Professional ... +2 other references |
| Rocks & Minerals 81:356-361 | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| - (2005) |
| USGS PP 1017 (Lovering,1978) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| USGS Bull 1434 |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Januzzi (1994) |
| David Busha collection |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Mineralogical Record |
| |
| Mineralogical Record (1997) |
| Mike Dennis |
| Goldstein (2006) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 63:359. +3 other references | |
| |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Heyl et al. (1965) |
| Heyl et al. (1965) |
| Kevin Czaja Collection |
| P. Cristofono collection |
| Carlson et al. (2007) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Dana 6:1084. |
| Dana Slaughter Minerals specimen. |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| USGS PP 162] +1 other reference | |
| USGS PP 162] +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +2 other references | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| Collected in recent years by D. Kim ... +1 other reference | |
| USGS Bul 540 | |
| Rocks & Minerals | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +2 other references | |
| - (2005) | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +2 other references | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| USGS PP 162] +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +2 other references | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +2 other references | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| NBMG Bull 64 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| USGS website : ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Robert Gustafson Collection |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| NBMG Bull 85 Geology and Mineral ... +2 other references |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| |
| |
| Smith (2005) |
| Rocks & Min. July-Aug 2005 |
| www.capitalmineralclub.org |
| P. Cristofono collection |
| FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) |
| Palache (1935) | |
| Common knowledge of local collectors ... |
| Jenkins et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt.: (1880) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) +1 other reference | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ... |
| USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ... +1 other reference | |
| USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ... | |
| USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ... |
| USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ... +1 other reference | |
| R&M 77:5 p298-305 +1 other reference |
| R&M 77:5 p298-305 | |
| NMBMMR Bull 72 Mineral Deposits of Luna ... +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Robert E Walstrom (2015) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| New Mexico Geological Society 2002 ... |
| Saathoff Collection |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 78 (6) | |
| Gibbs (1989) | |
| GF Loughlin (1942) +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| USGS Prof Paper 68 The Ore Deposits of ... | |
| Jensen (1978) |
| New York State Museum | |
| Pogue (1910) |
| Al Carpenters (1976) |
| Rocks & Min.:60:92. |
| Carlson (2015) |
| Carlson (2015) | |
| Carlson (2015) | |
| Carlson (2015) | |
| Carlson (2015) | |
| Rocks & Minerals 65:6 pp512-540 |
| ... |
| Smith (1977) |
| Smith (1977) |
| Sloto (1989) |
| Jospeh Polytika specimen |
| S et al. (1977) |
| Smith (1977) |
| Mineralogy of Pennsylvania-1922 +1 other reference |
| Lapham & Geyer +2 other references |
| Rocks & Min.: 6:26 +1 other reference | |
| Boucot (1949) |
| Smith (1977) |
| www.jonesgeo.com (2011) |
| |
| Travis A. Paris (2011) |
| Travis A. Paris (2011) |
| Travis A. Paris (2011) |
| Smith (1991) |
| Zeitner +2 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| Ken Puchlik (2009) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| North (2010) |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 52-62 |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| U. S. Geological Survey Open-File ... +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| G.W. Luttrell | |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Erich Laskowski Collection--Tucson |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 73 (11-12) +1 other reference |
| Cordua (1998) |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998) | |
| Cordua (1998) | |
| William S. Cordua collection | |
Vietnam | |
| Ishihara et al. (2010) |
| Nguyen et al. (2021) | |
| TienTienMinerals |
| Johan +3 other references |
| B. Fojt & I. Kusinir (2001) +1 other reference |
Yemen | |
| Jean-Paul Deroina (2011) +5 other references |
Zambia | |
| Kampunzu et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
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Andara mining district, Camaleño, Cantabria, Spain