Kolbeckite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Kolbeckite
Friedrich L. W. Kolbeck
Formula:
ScPO4 · 2H2O
Colour:
Colourless, light yellow; when impure: cyan-blue, blue-gray, apple-green
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
3 - 5
Specific Gravity:
2.36
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Dr. Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm Kolbeck (12 January 1860, Dresden - 6 February 1943, Freiberg), German mineralogist, Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany.
Metavariscite Group. The P analogue of bonacinaite.
A very rare secondary mineral in phosphate deposits and some hydrothermal veins.
A very rare secondary mineral in phosphate deposits and some hydrothermal veins.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2239
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2239:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
8ece8a87-6778-4f4e-b157-d593764e80c1
IMA Classification of Kolbeckite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Sc(PO4) · 2H2O
Classification of Kolbeckite
8.CD.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2
40.4.3.3
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2·xH2O
19.9.13
19 : Phosphates
9 : Phosphates of rare earths and Sc
19 : Phosphates
9 : Phosphates of rare earths and Sc
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Kbe | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kolbeckite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless, light yellow; when impure: cyan-blue, blue-gray, apple-green
Hardness:
3 - 5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {010}, distinct, on {100} and {001}, poor.
On {010}, distinct, on {100} and {001}, poor.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.36 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.35 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kolbeckite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.572 - 1.575 nβ = 1.590 nγ = 1.598 - 1.601
2V:
Measured: 60° , Calculated: 74°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.026
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
Only in coloured material.
Chemistry of Kolbeckite
Mindat Formula:
ScPO4 · 2H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Kolbeckite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.442 Å, b = 10.2513 Å, c = 8.9094 Å
β = 90.253°
β = 90.253°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.531 : 1 : 0.869
Unit Cell V:
497.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals commonly short prismatic [001], with prominent {110}, {011}, and less prominent {010}, {101}, and {130}. Platy crystals in radiating aggregates less common.
Twinning:
On {100}, common. May exhibit diagonal sutures on {001}.
Comment:
Pseudo-orthorhombic; Space group: P21/n
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0010338 | Kolbeckite | Yang H, Li C, Jenkins R A, Downs R T, Costin G (2007) Kolbeckite, ScPO4*2H2O, isomorphous with metavariscite Acta Crystallographica C63 i91-i92 |  | 2007 | Hot Springs County, Arkansas, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0012220 | Kolbeckite | Bull I, Young V, Teat S J, Peng L, Grey C P, Parise J B (2003) Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of four scandium phosphate frameworks Chemistry of Materials 15 3818-3825 | 2003 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.78 Å | (100) |
| 4.44 Å | (100) |
| 2.878 Å | (70) |
| 2.614 Å | (60) |
| 2.849 Å | (50) |
| 3.708 Å | (40) |
| 5.1 Å | (30) |
Comments:
Schlarbaum quarry, Austria. ICDD 38–431.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Geological Setting:
Phosphate deposits; some hydrothermal metallic veins.
Type Occurrence of Kolbeckite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany: #50268. U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA: #10632.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kolbeckite
Other Language Names for Kolbeckite
Relationship of Kolbeckite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Bonacinaite | Sc(AsO4) · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Metavariscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Kolbeckite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 4 photos of Kolbeckite associated with Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| 3 photos of Kolbeckite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Kolbeckite associated with Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 2 photos of Kolbeckite associated with Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 2 photos of Kolbeckite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 1 photo of Kolbeckite associated with Curite | Pb3(H2O)2[(UO2)4O4(OH)3]2 |
| 1 photo of Kolbeckite associated with Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 1 photo of Kolbeckite associated with Brookite | TiO2 |
| 1 photo of Kolbeckite associated with Chalcocite | Cu2S |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.CD. | Castellaroite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CD. | Sergeysmirnovite | MgZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CD.05 | Metavariscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.05 | Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.05 | Bonacinaite | Sc(AsO4) · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.10 | Mansfieldite | AlAsO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.10 | Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.10 | Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.10 | Variscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.10 | Yanomamite | InAsO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.15 | Parascorodite | FeAsO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.20 | Ludlamite | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CD.25 | Sterlinghillite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 3H2O |
| 8.CD.30 | Rollandite | Cu3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CD.35 | Liversidgeite | Zn6(PO4)4 · 7H2O |
| 8.CD.40 | Thorasphite | Th2H(PO4,AsO4)3 · 6H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Decomposed by acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kolbeckite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2239.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Kolbeckite
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S., 3d,, Montgomery, and Arthur (1940) Sterrettite, a new mineral from Fairfield, Utah. American Mineralogist, 25 (8) 513-518 (as sterrettite)
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Localities for Kolbeckite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| ENGLAND et al. (1988) |
Austria | |
| Postl (1981) +1 other reference |
Belgium | |
| Schrauf (1879) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) |
| Janouš +5 other references |
DR Congo | |
| Mineralogical Record: 20: 287-288. |
Fiji | |
| Museum Victoria (Australia) +1 other reference |
France | |
| Boisson et al. (2020) |
Germany | |
| DILL et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Dill et al. (2006) +2 other references |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| |
| Belendorff (2012) |
| F. Edelmann (1926) +2 other references |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2011) |
Italy | |
| Palenzona (1993) |
| Orlandi et al. (2015) |
Japan | |
| Takahiro Tanaka et al. (2015) |
| - (specimens widely distributed in japanese collections since 2015) | |
Kenya | |
| Liferovich et al. (1998) |
Portugal | |
| Alves (2016) |
Romania | |
| Fehér et al. (2012) |
| 1-Rădulescu Dan |
Russia | |
| Rychagov et al. (2017, November) |
| POPOV et al. (1992) |
USA | |
| Howard +1 other reference |
| Min News (1998) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.: 63:109. | |
| Liferovich et al. (1998) |
| Rocks & Minerals (1970) +1 other reference | |
| Jones +1 other reference |
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Schlarbaum quarry, Klausen, Bad Gleichenberg, Südoststeiermark District, Styria, Austria