Luzonite
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About Luzonite
Formula:
Cu3AsS4
Colour:
Deep pinkish-brown
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
4.4 - 4.6
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1874 after the type locality, Mancayan, Luzon, Philippines.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Luzonite-Famatinite Series.
Originally thought to be enargite or, in part, a mixture of enargite with famatinite, or famatinite.
Usually found as massively crystalline to granular material, deep pinkish-brown in color. Crystals very rare, small, and equant (pseudo-octahedral) in habit.
Originally thought to be enargite or, in part, a mixture of enargite with famatinite, or famatinite.
Usually found as massively crystalline to granular material, deep pinkish-brown in color. Crystals very rare, small, and equant (pseudo-octahedral) in habit.
Classification of Luzonite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
2/C.06-10
2.KA.10
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
K : Sulfarsenates, Sulfantimonates
A : Sulfarsenates with (As,Sb)S4 tetrahedra
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
K : Sulfarsenates, Sulfantimonates
A : Sulfarsenates with (As,Sb)S4 tetrahedra
Dana 7th ed.:
3.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
2 : ø = 4
3 : SULFOSALTS
2 : ø = 4
6.3.2
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
3 : Sulpharsenates and sulphantimonates
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
3 : Sulpharsenates and sulphantimonates
Physical Properties of Luzonite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Deep pinkish-brown
Streak:
Black.
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {101}, distinct on {100}.
Good on {101}, distinct on {100}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
4.4 - 4.6 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.47 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Chemical Properties of Luzonite
Formula:
Cu3AsS4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Sb
Crystallography of Luzonite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4 2m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:
I4 2m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.29 Å, c = 10.465 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.978
Unit Cell V:
292.85 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Usually massively crystalline to granular, crystals rare and small, usually equant.
Twinning:
Twinned on {112}.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.05Å | (100) |
1.86Å | (90) |
1.59Å | (70) |
1.58Å | (60) |
1.32Å | (50) |
1.20Å | (60) |
1.08Å | (60) |
1.07Å | (50) |
Type Occurrence of Luzonite
Synonyms of Luzonite
Other Language Names for Luzonite
Varieties of Luzonite
Stannoluzonite | Sn-bearing variety of luzonite. |
Relationship of Luzonite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Briartite | Cu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4 | Tet. |
Černýite | Cu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Famatinite | Cu3SbS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Ferrokësterite | Cu2FeSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
Hocartite | Ag2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Idaite | Cu5FeS6 | Hex. |
Kësterite | Cu2ZnSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
Keutschite | Cu2AgAsS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Kuramite | Cu3SnS4 | Tet. |
Omariniite | Cu8Fe2ZnGe2S12 | Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2 |
Permingeatite | Cu3SbSe4 | Tet. |
Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 | Orth. |
Pirquitasite | Ag2ZnSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Stannoidite | Cu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12 | Orth. |
UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn | Cu2Fe2Sn3S7 | |
Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide) | CuZn2InS4 | |
Velikite | Cu2HgSnS4 | Tet. |
Zincobriartite | Cu2(Zn,Fe)(Ge,Ga)S4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
19 photos of Luzonite associated with Enargite | Cu3AsS4 |
17 photos of Luzonite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
5 photos of Luzonite associated with Tennantite | Cu6(Cu4X2)As4S12S |
2 photos of Luzonite associated with Covellite | CuS |
2 photos of Luzonite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
2 photos of Luzonite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
2.KA.05 | Enargite | Cu3AsS4 | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
2.KA.05 | Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 | Orth. |
2.KA.10 | Briartite | Cu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4 | Tet. |
2.KA.10 | Famatinite | Cu3SbS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
2.KA.10 | Permingeatite | Cu3SbSe4 | Tet. |
2.KA.10 | Barquillite | Cu2CdGeS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
2.KA.15 | Fangite | Tl3AsS4 | Orth. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
3.2.2.2 | Famatinite | Cu3SbS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
3.2.2.3 | Permingeatite | Cu3SbSe4 | Tet. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
6.3.1 | Enargite | Cu3AsS4 | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
6.3.3 | Famatinite | Cu3SbS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Luzonite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Zerrenner, C. (1869) Nachricht uber eine Anzahl aus verschiedenen Gebieten der Erde bei mir eingegangener interessantes Mineralien. Berg-unil, Hiiltenmonnische Zeitung: 28: 106.
Weisbach, A. (1874) Luzonit. Mineralogische Mittheilungen: 1874: 257-258.
Klockmann, F. (1891) Mineralogische mittheilungen aus den sammlungen der Bergakademie zu Clausthal. Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie: 19: 265-275.
Watanabe, Takeo (1943) Mode of occurrence of minerals of the enargite group from the Teine Mine, Hokkaido, Japan. Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Journal: 3O(2): 80-90.
Sawada., H. (1943) Crystallographic Study, on Luzonit. Thesis, Tokyo University.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 391.
Imai, Hideki (1949) The Copper Ores from the Mankayan Mine, Luzon, Philippine Islands, with special reference to the enargite and luzonite problems. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, XXI, Nos. 1-4.
Gaines, R.V. (1957) Luzonite, famatinite and some related minerals. American Mineralogist: 42: 766-779.
Marumo, F., Nowacki, W. (1967) A refinement of the crystal structure of luzonite, Cu3AsS4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 124: 1-8.
Lévy, C. (1967) Contribution a la minéralogie des sulfures de cuivre du type Cu3XS4. Mémoires du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières: 54: 1-178.
Fleischer, M. (1968) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 53: 2103-2106.
Springer, G. (1969) Compositional variations in enargite and luzonite. Mineralium Deposita: 4: 72-74.
Tanelli G. (1970) Ricerche sui minerali del gruppo dell'enargite (enargite, stibioenargite, luzonite, famatinite, stibioluzonite). Periodico di mineralogia – Roma: 561-583.
Gaines, Richard V., H. Catherine, W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, Abraham Rosenzweig, Vandall T. King (1997) Dana's New Mineralogy: The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana: 156.
Pósfai, M. & Sundberg, M. (1998) Stacking disorder and polytypism in enargite and luzonite. American Mineralogist: 83: 365-372.
Pósfai, M. & Buseck, P. (1998) Relationships between microstructure and composition in enargite and luzonite. American Mineralogist: 83: 373–382. [http://www.minsocam.org/msa/ammin/toc/Articles_Free/1998/Posfai_p373-382_98.pdf]
Internet Links for Luzonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2461.html
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Localities for Luzonite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Paar, W., Roberts, A.C., Topa, D., Zagler, G., Berlepsch, P., Armbruster, Th. (2004): Putzite, (Cu4.7 Ag3.3)GeS6, a new mineral species from Capillitas, Catamarca, Argentina: description and crystal structure. Canadian Mineralogist: 42: 1757-1769. ; Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372.; Hubert, P., Werner, H., & Dan, T. (2009). A contribution to the knowledge of the mineralization at Mina Capillitas, Catamarca. Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina, 64(3), 514-524. |
PUTZ, Hubert; PAAR, Werner H and TOPA, Dan. A contributionto the knowledge of the mineralization at mina Capillitas, Catamarca. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 514-524. | |
PUTZ, Hubert; PAAR, Werner H and TOPA, Dan. A contributionto the knowledge of the mineralization at mina Capillitas, Catamarca. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 514-524. | |
| MARQUEZ-ZAVALIA, M. F. and GALLISKI, M. A.. Chatkalita, nekrasovita y otros minerales del grupo de la estannita de veta María Eugenia, Cerro Atajo, Catamarca. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2007, vol.62, n.2, pp. 289-298. |
| W. H. Paar, H. Putz, D. Topa, M. K. de Brodtkorb and R. J. Sureda (2005) Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge 2005, Session 13, 1419-1422; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2005): USGS Open-File Report 05-1060 |
Paar, W. H., Putz, H., Topa, D., de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Sureda, R. J. (2005, January). Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1419-1422). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. | |
Paar, W. H., Putz, H., Topa, D., de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Sureda, R. J. (2005, January). Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1419-1422). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. | |
| DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372. |
| Paar, W. H., Putz, H., Topa, D., de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Sureda, R. J. (2005, January). Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1419-1422). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina) |
Armenia | |
| Khachaturyan, E. A.; Paronikyan, V. O. (1963): Hypogene covellite in ores of the Tandzut pyritic deposit. Zap. Armyansk. Otd. Vses. Mineralog. Obshchestva, No. 2, 18-21. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. | |
| Mederer, J., Moritz, R., Zohrabyan, S., Vardanyan, A., Melkonyan, R., & Ulianov, A. (2014). Base and precious metal mineralization in Middle Jurassic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus: A review of geology and metallogeny and new data from the Kapan, Alaverdi and Mehmana districts. Ore Geology Reviews, 58, 185-207. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
Australia | |
| Haddock, D. (1974) Diamond Drilling Programme IV. TC8 Prospect, E.L. 357 "Eldorado", Warramunga Goldfield, N.T. Aquitaine Australia Minerals Pty. Ltd. |
| Sahlström, F., Corral Calleja, I., Chang, Z., Arribas, A., Dirks, P.H.G.M., Stokes, M., Pocock, M., Hewitt, D., and Obiri-Yeboah, M. (2016) Hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation at the Mt Carlton high-sulphidation Au-Ag-Cu epithermal deposit (NE Queensland, Australia). In: Goldschmid Conference Abstracts, p. 2688. From: Goldschmidt conference 2016, 26 June-1 July, Yokohama, Japan. ; Sahlström, F., Arribas, A., Dirks, P., Corral, I., & Chang, Z. (2017). Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide. Minerals, 7(11), 213. |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch, U., Auer, C. & Zeug, M. (2017): 2046) Austinit, Billingsleyit, Konichalcit, Lenait?, Luzonit, Marrit, Trechmannit und Zinkrosasit von Annaberg, Niederösterreich (ein Vorbericht). Pp. 265-268 in Walter, F. et al. (2017): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVI. Carinthia II, 207./127., 217-284. |
| Huber, S. und Huber, P. (1977): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 8: Oberösterreich, Niederösterreich und Burgenland. C. Weise Verlag, München, 270 pp.; Tufar, W. (1982): A new type of sulphosalt mineralization in the Myrthengraben gypsum deposit, Semmering, Lower Austria. Pp. 131-140 in: Amstutz, G. C. et al. (Eds.): Ore Genesis - the State of the Art, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York. |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) |
| Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994) |
Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994) | |
| Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994) |
| Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994) |
| C.Auer (2016) |
| Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994); Paar, W. H. (1995): Interessante Mineralfunde aus Österreich (II): Silberminerale vom Madersbacher oder Matzenköpfl bei Brixlegg, Tirol. Lapis, 20 (2), 16. |
| Putz, H. & Poeverlein, R. (2007): Die Mineralien des Gertraudstollens und seiner Halde in St. Gertraudi, Tirol. Lapis 32 (6), 58-63. |
| Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994) |
Azerbaijan | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia |
| Hemon, P., Moritz, R., & Ramazanov, V. (2012). The Gedabek Epithermal Cu–Au Deposit, Lesser Caucasus, Western Azerbaijan: geology, alterations, petrography and evolution of the sulfidation fluid states. In Integrated Exploration and Ore Deposits, Proceedings SEG 2012 Conference, Lima, Peru (p. Poster 50). |
Bolivia | |
| Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp; Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) Los Yacimientos Minerales y de Hidrocarburos de Bolivia, Boletín No. 5 (Especial), pp 268-271 (Ministerio de Minas y Petroleo, La Paz) |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz) |
Bulgaria | |
| Tarkian, M.; Breskovska, V. (1990): Arsenic minerals and their genetic significance in the Madjarovo ore field, eastern Rhodope, Bulgaria. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1990, 433-442. |
| Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; American Mineralogist (1966): 51: 29-36; Nenasheva, S.N. (2009): Some Peculiarities of Mineralogy of the Deposits of Central Part of Structural-Metallogenic Zone Sredna-Gora, Bulgaria. New Data on Minerals, 44, 24-33.; in (2001) European Union of Geosciences Conference XI (OS6) |
Chile | |
| Zentilli, M. (2018) A unique Sn-bearing Bi-Ag-Sb, polymetallic, epithermal district in the Chilean Andes: Capitana Mine, Tignamar, Arica–relation to the Proterozoic-Paleozoic Belén Metamorphic Complex. XV Congress Geological Chile |
samples analysed and confirmed by Dr. Frank Keutsch, University of Wisconsin | |
| Llaumet C./Henríquez F. (1976); "Faja de mineralización de oro, plata, cobre y arsenico en la Cordillera Andina de la III y IV región"; Primero Congreso Geológico Chileno, Vol. II. |
| Econ Geol (1985) 80:1544-1565 |
China | |
| Licheng Tang (1993): Shandong Geology 9(2), 85-92 |
Czech Republic | |
| Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65 |
Fiji | |
| Naden, Jon; Henney, P.J.. 1995 Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished) |
France | |
| Uwe Kolitsch (based on SEM-EDS data, colour, paragenesis) |
| P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989 |
| P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989 |
| J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994 |
| P. Cantinolle et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 245-248 |
| No reference listed |
| M. Munoz, Y.Moëlo : "Etude paragénétique de la minéralisation sulfurée complexe (Sb-Pb-Zn-...) de Bournac (Hérault, France)", Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, 625-632. |
| inventoire mineralogique de la france n.10, p.125 |
| R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Feraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 4, Alpes Maritimes", BRGM, 1974 |
| R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Féraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 4 : Alpes-Maritimes", BRGM, 1974 |
| R. Pierrot, P. Picot, P.A. Poulain : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 5, Hautes- Alpes ", BRGM, 1972 |
Germany | |
| S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German) |
| Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| No reference listed |
| No reference listed |
K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992 | |
| Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992 |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN |
Lapis, 12 (10), 23-32+58. | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler, G. (1986) Neue Minerale von der Schlackenhalde der ehemaligen Zinkhütte Genna in Letmathe/Sauerland. Aufschluss, 37 (2), 55-67.; Bender, D. and Krimmelbein, W. (1994) Aktuelle Übersicht: Mineralien der Zinkhütte Genna/Sauerland. Stand Juni 1994. Mineralien-Welt, 4/94, 10. |
| Weiss, S. (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas, Deutschland West. Weise Verlag, München, 320 pages. |
| Lapis, 9 (5), 36-39. |
| Thomas Kleser collection |
Greece | |
| Voudouris, P., Melfos, V, Spry, P.G., Bonsall, T.A., Tarkian, M. & Solomon, Ch. (2008): Carbonate-replacement Pb-Zn-Ag+/-Au mineralization in the Kamariza area, Lavrion, Greece: Mineralogy and thermochemical conditions of formation. Mineralogy & Petrology 94, 85-106. |
No reference listed | |
| Voudouris, P. (2006): A comparative mineralogical study of Te-rich magmatic-hydrothermal systems in northeastern Greece. Mineral. Petrol., 87, 241–275.; Repstock, A., Voudouris, P., & Kolitsch, U. (2015). New occurrences of watanabeite, colusite,“arsenosulvanite” and “Cu-excess” tetrahedrite-tennantite at the Pefka high-sulfidation epithermal deposit, northeastern Greece. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 192(2), 135-149. |
Marchev, P., Kaiser-Rohrmeier, M., Heinrich, C., Ovtcharova, M., von Quadt, A., & Raicheva, R. (2005). 2: Hydrothermal ore deposits related to post-orogenic extensional magmatism and core complex formation: The Rhodope Massif of Bulgaria and Greece. Ore Geology Reviews, 27(1), 53-89.; Voudouris, P., Papavassiliou, C., Alfieris, D., & Falalakis, G. (2007). Gold-silver tellurides and bismuth sulfosalts in the high-intermediate sulfidation Perama Hill deposit, western Thrace (NE Greece). Geol Survey Finland Guide, 53, 77-84.; Panagiotis Christos Voudouris, Vasilios Melfos, Paul G. Spry, Robert Moritz, Constantinos Papavassiliou und George Falalakis (2011): Mineralogy and geochemical environment of formation of the Perama Hill high-sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag-Te-Se deposit, Petrota Graben, NE Greece. Mineralogy and Petrology 103, 79-100 | |
Marchev, P., Kaiser-Rohrmeier, M., Heinrich, C., Ovtcharova, M., von Quadt, A., & Raicheva, R. (2005). 2: Hydrothermal ore deposits related to post-orogenic extensional magmatism and core complex formation: The Rhodope Massif of Bulgaria and Greece. Ore Geology Reviews, 27(1), 53-89. | |
| Skarpelis, N. (1999): The Agios Filippos ore deposit, Kirki (Western Thrace). A base-metal part of a high-sulfidation epithermal system. Bulletin Geological Society of Greece. 33, 51-60. |
| Economic Geology 102 (2007) 1269-1294.; Bonev, I. K., Petrunov, R., Cook, N. J., & Ciobanu, C. L. (2005). Kostovite and its argentian varieties: Deposits and mineral associations. Geochem. Mineral. Petrol.(Bulg. Acad. Sci.), 42, 1-22. |
Hungary | |
| Földessy, J., Hartai, É., & Kupi, L. (2008). NEW DATA ABOUT THE LAHÓCA HIGH SULFIDA-TION MINERALIZATION. Recsk and Lahóca, Geology of the Paleogene Ore Complex, Proceedings of the University of Miskolc, Series A, Mining, 73, 129-143.; Takács, Á., & Molnár, F. Enargite from the Lahóca high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposit at Recsk, Hungary: joint application of infrared microscopy–microthermometry and orientation imaging microscopy.; Takács, Á., Molnár, F., Turi, J., Mogessie, A. & Menzies, J. C. (2017): Ore mineralogy and fluid inclusion constraints on the temporal and spatial evolution of a high-sulfidation epithermal Cu-Au-Ag deposit in the Recsk Ore Complex, Hungary. Economic Geology 112, 1461-1481. |
FOLDESSY, J., SZEBENYI, G., & SERESNE-HARTAI, E. THE DISTRIBUTION OF GOLD IN THE RECSK ORE COMPLEX, HUNGARY. | |
Szakáll, S., Fehér, B., Bigi, S., & Mádai, F. (2011). Klajite from Recsk (Hungary), the first Mn-Cu arsenate mineral. European Journal of Mineralogy, 23(5), 829-835. | |
Indonesia | |
| Perelló, J. (1994). Geology, porphyry Cu-Au, and epithermal Cu-Au-Ag mineralization of the Tombulilato district, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 50(1), 221-256. |
| Mineralium Deposita (2005) 40: 76–99 |
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Italy | |
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Japan | |
| Economic Geology; 1996; v. 91; no. 1; p. 204-212 |
| Economic Geology; 1996; v. 91; no. 1; p. 204-212 |
| Shimizu, M., Matsuyama, F., Shimizu, M. (1999) Hutchinsonite, TlPb(As,Sb)5S-9, chabourneite, Tl2Pb(Sb,As)10S-17, and unnamed (Tl,Ag)2Pb6(As, Sb)16S-31 from the Toya-Takarada mine, Hokkaido, Japan - Tl mineralisation in the Kuroko deposits. Resource Geology (special issue #20), 31-37, in: The Japanese island arc: its hydrothermal and igneous activities. Eds: Naotatsu Shikazono, et al. The Society of Resource Geology |
| Imai, A., Matsueda, H., Yamada, R., Masuta, K. (1999): Polymetallic Mineralization at the Shin‐Ohtoyo Deposit, Harukayama District, Hokkaido, Japan. Resource Geology 49, 75-88. |
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| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-220/DATABASE/lode_deposits.txt |
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| M. Watanabe (1951) Science Reports, Tohoku University, 3rd series, 4, 36. |
Kazakhstan | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer International Publishing.; Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer, Cham. |
Malaysia | |
| Caisheng Zhao, Fengyue Sun, Bile Li, Tong Pan, and Fengliang Yao (2004): Geology and Prospecting 48(2), 18-22; Zhao, C., Mao, J., Yang, F., Ye, H., Sun, F., & Ding, Q. (2005). A comparative study of the Punda and Selanjan orecontrolling breccia pipes in West Sarawak, Malaysia and the significance for ore prospecting. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1115-1118). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. |
Mexico | |
| Peter Megaw |
| Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp |
Morocco | |
| Benchekroun, F., & Jettane, A. (2004). Fluid inclusions and quantitative model for gold precipitation in the Tiouit deposit (Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 39(3), 295-300. |
Namibia | |
| Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany |
North Macedonia | |
| Serafimovski, T., Tasev, G., Stefanova, V. (2015): Mineral assemblages group of major and associated mineral phases in the Kadiica porphyry copper deposit, eastern Macedonia. Geologica Macedonica 25, 183-196. |
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Serafimovski, Dolenec, T., Tasev, G. (2006): New data concerning the major ore minerals and sulphosalts from the Pb-Zn Zletovo Mine, Macedonia. RMZ - Materials and geoenvironment 52, 535-548. | |
Serafimovski, T., Lazarov, P., Tasev, G. (2005): Sulfosalt mineral compositions from the No 10 vein, Zletovo lead-zinc deposit, Macedonia. Chapter 4-28, pp. 461-464 in Jingwen Mao, Frank P. Bierlein (Eds.): Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge: Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial SGA Meeting, Beijing, China, 18 - 21 August 2005, Springer Science & Business Media, 1580 pp. | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.; Petrunov, R., Serafimovski, T., & Dragov, P. (2001). New finding of PGE-mineralisation in porphyry-copper environment-the Bučim deposit, Macedonia: preliminary microscope and microprobe data. In ABCDGEODE 2001 Workshop Vata Bai, Romania (Vol. 79, pp. 79-80). |
Serafimovski, T., Filev, K., Tasev, G., & Gjorgjiev, L. (2016). Three types of ore mineralization at the Vrshnik ore body, Buchim copper mine, Republic of Macedonia. 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM 2016, 2(1), 951-958. | |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Tuomo Törmänen (2005) Ore Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Formation of the Sediment-hosted Sea Floor Massive Sulfide Deposits at Escanaba Trough, NE Pacific, with Emphasis on the Transport and Deposition of Gold. Thesis University of Oulu |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2005): USGS Open-File Report 05-1060; Espi, J.O., Kajiwara, Y., Hawkins, M.A., and Bainbridge T. (2002): Hydrothermal alteration and Cu-Au mineralization at the Nena high sulfidation-type deposit, Frieda River, Papua New Guinea. Resource Geology 52(4), 301–313. |
Peru | |
| Imai, H. (1999): Mineralizations of base metal deposits of acid-sulfate type coexisting with adularia-sericite type. Resource Geology 49, 147-156. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| Davies, R.C., and Williams, P.J. (2005): Mineralium Deposita 40, 598-616. |
| B. Duval, Y. Moëlo and P. Picot, Bull. Minéral. , 1986, 109, pp. 649-655. (Philip C. Goodell analysis) |
| Min.Rec. 28, #4 (1997) |
| Hyrsl & Rosales (2003) Mineralogical Record, 34, 241-254. |
| Graton, L. C.; Bowditch, Samuel I. (1936): Alkaline and acid solutions in hypogene zoning at Cerro de Pasco. Economic Geology 31, 651-698. |
Michael W. Kieron collection, ex Harvard Mineralogical Museum | |
P Ramdohr, Ore Mineralogy, 3rd ed., pg 1130 | |
| Economic Geology November 2009 vol. 104 no. 7 905-944 |
Philippines | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| [Tschermaks Min.Mitth.(1874) p. 257; Berg- und Hüttenmänn. Ztg.(1869) 28, p. 105 and 113; Nickel & Nichols, 1991, "Mineral Reference Manual", 123]; Claveria, R. J. R. (2001). Mineral paragenesis of the Lepanto copper and gold and the Victoria gold deposits, Mankayan mineral district, Philippines. Resource Geology, 51(2), 97-106.; Hassan-Nezhad, A. A., & Moore, F. (2006). A stable isotope and fluid inclusion study of the Qaleh-ZariCu–Au–Ag deposit, Khorasan Province, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(6), 805-818. |
Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an Evolving Earth | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
Poland | |
| Mochnacka, K., Oberc-Dziedzic, T., Mayer, W., & Pieczka, A. (2012). Ore mineralization in the Miedzianka area (Karkonosze-Izera Massif, the Sudetes, Poland): new information. Mineralogia Polonica, 43(3-4), 155-178. |
| Zimnoch, E. (1978): Ore mineralization of the Miedzianka deposit in the Sudetes. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego (Warsaw), 308, 91-134. (in Polish) |
| Chmielewski, A., Oszczepalski, S. (2016): Replacement processes of primary mineralization in the uppermost part of the Kupferschiefer series in SW Poland. Mineralogia - Special Papers: 45: 41-42 |
Piestrzyński, A., & Pieczonka, J. (2012). Low temperature ore minerals associations in the Kupferschiefer type deposit, Lubin–Sieroszowice mining district, SW Poland. Мінералогічний збірник, (2), 59-66. | |
| Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i geochemia ciała rudnego złoża Lubin-Sieroszowice. Biuletyn PIG, vol. 423, pp. 77-94 |
Romania | |
| Cioacă, M. E., Munteanu, M., Qi, L., & Costin, G. (2014). Trace element concentrations in porphyry copper deposits from Metaliferi Mountains, Romania: A reconnaissance study. Ore Geology Reviews, 63, 22-39. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.; Mineralium Deposita (2004) 39:173-188 |
Canadian Mineralogist 40:1693-1703. | |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 40, pp. 1693-1703 (2002); Onac, B. P., & Damm, P. (2002). Preliminary Data on the Mineralogy of Limestone and Skarn-Hosted Caves from Baita (Bihor county, Romania). Studia UBB Geologia, 47(1), 93-104. |
Russia | |
| Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401. |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
| Плутахина, Е. Ю., & Шишканова, К. О. СЕРНЫЕ РУДЫ–ОДИН ИЗ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ВИДОВ СЫРЬЯ ГОРНОРУДНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ. |
[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]; Okrugin, V., & Chernev, I. Correlation of Epithermal and Geothermal Deposits (an Example of Mutnovsky Geothermal Area, Southern Kamchatka). Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 ; Okrugin, V. M. (2004). Miocene to Quaternary center volcanic, hydrothermal and ore-forming activity in the Southern Kamchatka. In Metallogeny of the Pacific Northwest (Russian Far East)-Tectonics, Magmatism and Metallogeny of Active Continental Margin, Interim IAGOD Conference, Excursion Guidebook, Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 2004 (pp. 147-176). | |
| http://maurice.strahlen.org/kavkaz/kavkaz.htm; Jambor J L, Grew E S (1994) New mineral names, American Mineralogist 79, 387-391 |
| Simanenko, L.F. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(4), 290-303 |
| L.M. Lebedev data |
Serbia | |
| Drovenik, M. (1958): Bakrovo Rudišče Gornja Lipa. Geologija, 4, 63-78 (in Slovenian). |
Albrecht von Quadt, Vladica Cvetković, Rade Jelenković, Miodrag Banjesević, Vladica Cvetković & Aleksandar Pačevski, Ljubomir Cvetković & Robert Moritz(2007) Advances in Regional Geological and Metallogenic Studies in the Carpathians, Balkans, Rhodope Massif and Caucasus (Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria and Georgia) Field Guide | |
| Albrecht von Quadt, Vladica Cvetković, Rade Jelenković, Miodrag Banjesević, Vladica Cvetković & Aleksandar Pačevski, Ljubomir Cvetković & Robert Moritz(2007) Advances in Regional Geological and Metallogenic Studies in the Carpathians, Balkans, Rhodope Massif and Caucasus (Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria and Georgia) Field Guide; Aleksandar Pacevski, Ljubomir Cvetkovic & Perisa Zivkovic (2007) Mineralogy of the Coka Marin polymetallic deposit, Bor ore district, Serbia |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa R.,Kotuľak P., Káňa R., 1993: Bergbau und Mineralien von Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz), Slowakei. Emser Hefte, 14, 3, 1-70, Haltern |
| Kozub, G., Budzyń, B., Pršek, J. (2011): Hydrothermal copper-bismuth mineralization from the Joremeny adit, Dobšiná, Slovak Republic – preliminary report. Mineralogia Special Papers: 38: 123-124 |
| Kozub G., Budzyń B., Pršek J. (2011): Hydrothermal copper-bismuth mineralization from the Joremeny adit, Dobšiná, Slovak Republic-preliminary report. Mineralogia, Special Papers, 38, 123-124. |
| Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p |
Slovenia | |
| Albrecht von Quadt, Vladica Cvetković, Rade Jelenković, Miodrag Banjesević, Vladica Cvetković & Aleksandar Pačevski, Ljubomir Cvetković & Robert Moritz(2007) Advances in Regional Geological and Metallogenic Studies in the Carpathians, Balkans, Rhodope Massif and Caucasus (Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria and Georgia) Field Guide |
Spain | |
| Joan Rosell |
Taiwan | |
| Huang, C. K. (1965) Proceedings of the Geological Society of China 11:31-42; L. P. Tan, C. H. Chen and B. S. Yu (1993) Native Gold of Taiwan. Special Publication of the Central Geological Survey No. 7, pp. 79-99.; Simmons, S. F., White, N. C., & John, D. A. (2005). Geological characteristics of epithermal precious and base metal deposits. Economic Geology 100th anniversary volume, 29, 485-522. |
James K.C.Huang Collection; Chemical Geology 154 1999. 155–167; Chemical Geology 154 1999. 155–167; Hwang, J. Y and Meyer, H O A (1982) The Mineral Chemistry and Genesis of the Chinkuashih ore deposits, Taiwan. Proceedings of the Geological Society of China 25:88-101; Rozenweg A. (1975) Proceedings of the Geological Society of China 18:128-130 | |
| Chemical Geology 154 1999. 155–167 |
Tajikistan | |
| Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30; Bonev, I. K., Petrunov, R., Cook, N. J., & Ciobanu, C. L. (2005). Kostovite and its argentian varieties: Deposits and mineral associations. Geochem. Mineral. Petrol.(Bulg. Acad. Sci.), 42, 1-22.; Plotinskaya, O. Y., Kovalenker, V. A., Seltmann, R., & Stanley, C. J. (2006). Te and Se mineralogy of the high-sulfidation Kochbulak and Kairagach epithermal gold telluride deposits (Kurama Ridge, Middle Tien Shan, Uzbekistan). Mineralogy and Petrology, 87(3-4), 187-207. |
Tunisia | |
| Slim-Shimi, N., Moëlo, Y., Tlig, S. & Lévy, C. (1996): Sulfide geochemistry and genesis of Chouichia and Ain el Bey copper deposits in northwestern Tunisia. Mineralium Deposita 31, 188-200. |
Turkey | |
| http://www.odysseyresources.com/i/pdf/Curtis-AltintepeReport.pdf |
UK | |
| [J.Russell Soc. 1998:41] |
| National Museum of Wales Database; Cotterell TF et al (2011) The mineralogy of Dolyhir quarry, Old Radnor. Powys, Wales. UKJMM 32:5-61 |
USA | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. |
USGS OFR 2003-404(Hudson,2003); USGS OFR 99-342 | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. | |
| [MinRec 24:421] |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 281; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436. |
| Kyle Beucke Collection |
| Calif. Journal of Mines and Geology, Vol. 34; p.434, 554. |
| Kampf, A.R., Housley, R.M., Rossman, G.R., Marty, J., Chorazewicz, M. (2018) Bodieite, Bi3+2(Te4+O3)2(SO4), a New Mineral from the Tintic District, Utah, and the Masonic District, California, USA. Canadian Mineralogist: 56: 763-772. |
| USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10077524. |
| Albers, J.P. (1953), Geology and ore deposits of the Afterthought mine, Shasta County, California: California Division Mines & Geology Special Report 29: 17; Albers, John P. & Jacques F. Robertson (1961), Geology and ore deposits of East Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California, USGS PP 338: 71; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 136. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; Econ Geol (1986) 81:1853-1866 |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; Econ Geol (1986) 81:1853-1866 |
Econ Geol (1986) 81:1853-1866 | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; Econ Geol (1986) 81:1853-1866 | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel; Singewald, Quentin Dreyer; Butler, Bert Sylvenus (1941) Ore deposits in the vicinity of the London fault of Colorado. USGS Bulletin: 911 |
| Bove, D.J., Caine, J.S., and Lowers, H.A., 2012, Geologic and mineralogic controls on acid and metal-rich rock drainage in an alpine watershed, Handcart Gulch, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5067, 121 p. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| The Mines and Minerals of the Great American Rift, R.W. Holmes & M.B. Kennedy, 1983 |
| Gray, et al (1993) |
TSURUOKA, Subaru, MONECKE, Thomas, REYNOLDS, T. James and HOLLEY, Elizabeth (2016) Evolution of the Magmatic-hydrothermal System at the Summitville High-sulfidation Epithermal Au Deposit, Colorado. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 48, No. 7 | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel | |
| Lapis 17(1), 15-23 (1992) |
U.S. Geol. Survey, 1970, Prof. Paper 588, "Geology and Ore Deposits of the Picher Field, Oklahoma and Kansas" | |
| Rocks & Min. Mar. 1998 |
| Sherwood, M. D., & Williams, G. A. (1998). Missouri mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 73(2), 98-117. |
| The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen 1964 |
| Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240.; Gobla, M. J. (2012) Montana Mineral Locality Index. Rocks and Minerals 87:208-240. |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Econ Geol (1989) 84:2115-2138 |
Econ Geol (1989) 84:2115-2138 | |
Econ Geol (1989) 84:2115-2138 | |
Econ Geol (1989) 84:2115-2138 | |
Econ Geol (1989) 84:2115-2138 | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| www.brightok.net/~rockman/Images/OkIndex.htm. |
Rocks & Min. vol. 72 (1997); Rocks & Min., March 1998. | |
| Econ Geol (1986) 81:1853-1866 |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah | |
SEM-EDS analyzed by Dr. Rob Bowell. | |
Uzbekistan | |
| Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Kovalenker, V. et al New Data on Minerals (2003): 38: 45-56 |
Chinkuashih Mine, Ruifang District, New Taipei City, Taiwan Province, Taiwan