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Löweite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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07662860014948022218751.jpg
Löweite

Le Cetine di Cotorniano Mine, Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy
04388880014948022251686.jpg
Löweite, etc.

Le Cetine di Cotorniano Mine, Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy
01413370016562407727881.jpg
Löweite

Ischler Salzberg, Perneck, Bad Ischl, Gmunden District, Upper Austria, Austria
07662860014948022218751.jpg
Löweite

Le Cetine di Cotorniano Mine, Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy
03868200016579703016268.jpg
Löweite, etc.

Le Cetine di Cotorniano Mine, Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy
08093820016561311651747.jpg
Löweite

Ischler Salzberg, Perneck, Bad Ischl, Gmunden District, Upper Austria, Austria
07662860014948022218751.jpg
Löweite

Le Cetine di Cotorniano Mine, Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy
04388880014948022251686.jpg
Löweite, etc.

Le Cetine di Cotorniano Mine, Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy
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About LöweiteHide

Formula:
Na12Mg7(SO4)13 · 15H2O
Colour:
Colourless, reddish-yellow; colourless in transmitted light
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.374 - 2.423
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named in 1846 by Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger in honor of Alexander Löwe (24 December 1808, St. Petersburg, Russia - 29 March 1895, Vienna, Austria-Hungary), chemist and Chief Assayer at the Mint, Vienna, Austria and later director of the Porcelain Works. He was the first to efficiently extract tellurium form Nagyág ores. He also described gersdorffite. The mineral name also appears as loeweite in English texts, but the löweite spelling was confirmed in 2008.
This page provides mineralogical data about Löweite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2463
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2463:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
ca54f3ef-f9c4-49a0-8964-f55d43dca296

Classification of LöweiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1847
Strunz-mindat (2023):
7.CC.45

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 8th ed.:
29.4.3.1

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
4 : AmBn(XO4)p·xH2O, with (m+n):p < 3:2 and > 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:
25.3.11

25 : Sulphates
3 : Sulphates of Mg

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
LöwIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of LöweiteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless, reddish-yellow; colourless in transmitted light
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.374 - 2.423 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.35 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of LöweiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.490 nε = 1.471
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.019
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate

Chemical Properties of LöweiteHide

Formula:
Na12Mg7(SO4)13 · 15H2O
Elements listed:
H, Mg, Na, O, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LöweiteHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 18.866(2) Å, c = 13.434(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.712
Unit Cell V:
4,140.91 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Comment:
Point Group: 3 2/m?

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
10.37 Å(100)
4.294 Å(65)
4.046 Å(60)
2.458 Å(50)
3.277 Å(45)
2.698 Å(45)
3.175 Å(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates]

Type Occurrence of LöweiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Ischler Salzberg, Perneck, Bad Ischl, Gmunden District, Upper Austria, Austria
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria, A.x.583–A.x.585.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oceanic salt deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Anhydrite
Reference:
Haidinger, W. (1847) Über den Löweit, eine neue Species aus der Ordnung der Salze. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften: 4: 663-666.
Download:
https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/ABGW4_661.pdf

Synonyms of LöweiteHide

Other Language Names for LöweiteHide

Varieties of LöweiteHide

Chile-LoeweiteA provisional name for a inadequately studied material allegedly differing to a degree from Löweite in composition.
ChromlöweiteA variety of Löweite containing Chromium

Common AssociatesHide

AnhydriteCaSO4
Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2O
KieseriteMgSO4 · H2O
LangbeiniteK2Mg2(SO4)3
MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
PentahydriteMgSO4 · 5H2O
StarkeyiteMgSO4 · 4H2O
ThénarditeNa2SO4
VanthoffiteNa6Mg(SO4)4
VanthoffiteNa6Mg(SO4)4
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Löweite associated with CopiapiteFe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

7.CC.CobaltoblöditeNa2Co(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.AndychristyitePbCu2+Te6+O5(H2O)Tric. 1 : P1
7.CC.Ammoniovoltaite(NH4)2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12(H2O)18Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3c
7.CC.05KrausiteKFe(SO4)2 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.CC.10TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.15KaliniteKAl(SO4)2 · 11H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CC.15MendoziteNaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CC.20Lonecreekite(NH4)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 12H2OIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
7.CC.20Alum-(K)KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2OIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
7.CC.20Alum-(Na)NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2OIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
7.CC.20Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2OIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
7.CC.20LanmuchangiteTl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2OIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
7.CC.25VoltaiteK2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3c
7.CC.25ZincovoltaiteK2Zn5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3c
7.CC.25PertlikiteK2(Fe2+,Mg)2Mg4Fe3+2Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd
7.CC.25Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite(NH4)2Mg2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3c
7.CC.25MagnesiovoltaiteK2Mg5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3c
7.CC.30KröhnkiteNa2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.35FerrinatriteNa3Fe(SO4)3 · 3H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.CC.40GoldichiteKFe(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.50BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.50NickelblöditeNa2(Ni,Mg)(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.50ChangoiteNa2Zn(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.55LeoniteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
7.CC.55MereiteriteK2Fe(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
7.CC.60Boussingaultite(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.60CyanochroiteK2Cu(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.60Mohrite(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.60Nickelboussingaultite(NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.60PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
7.CC.60NickelpicromeriteK2Ni(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.60Katerinopoulosite(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.65PolyhaliteK2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2OTric. 1
7.CC.70LeightoniteK2Ca2Cu(SO4)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CC.75AmarilliteNaFe(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CC.80KonyaiteNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.85WattevilleiteNa2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?)Orth.
7.CC.85XocolatliteCa2Mn4+2(Te6+O6)2 · H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CC.90Eckhardite(Ca,Pb)Cu2+Te6+O5(H2O)Mon. 2/m

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Soluble in H2O, slightly bitter taste.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for LöweiteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Haidinger, W. (1847) Über den Löweit, eine neue Species aus der Ordnung der Salze. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften: 4: 663-666.
Haidinger, W. (1847) Der löweit. Berichte Über die Mittheilungen von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in Wien: 2: 266-267.
Görgey, R. (1909) Salzvorkommen aus Hall in Tirol. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 28(4): 334–346.
Görgey, R. (1910) Zur Kenntnis der Minerale der Salzlagerstätten. Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 29(3): 192-210 (198).
Blasdale, W.C., Robson, H.L. (1928) The system water and the sulfates of sodium and magnesium. Journal of the American Chemical Society: 50: 35-46.
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 446-447.
Fang, J.H., Robinson, P.D. (1970) Crystal structures and mineral chemistry of double-salt hydrates: II. the crystal structure of loeweite. American Mineralogist: 55: 378-386.
Burke, E.A.J. (2008) Tidying up Mineral Names: an IMA-CNMNC Scheme for Suffixes, Hyphens and Diacritical marks. The Mineralogical Record: 39(2): 131-135.
Leduc, E.M.S. (2010) Hydrated Sodium-Magnesium Sulfate Minerals Associated with Inland Saline Systems: Atomic Structure, Hydrogen Bonding and Phase Stability. Master of Science thesis, Queen's University, Canada.
Balić-Žunić, T., Birkedal, R., Katerinopoulou, A., Comodi, P. (2016): Dehydration of blödite, Na2Mg(SO4)2(H2O)4, and leonite, K2Mg(SO4)2(H2O)4. European Journal of Mineralogy: 28(1): 33-42.

Internet Links for LöweiteHide

Localities for LöweiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • Western Australia
    • Wiluna Shire
Wilson, S.A., Harrison, A.L., Dipple, G.M., Power, I.M., Barker, S.L.L., Ulrich, M.K., Fallon, S.J., Raudsepp, M., Southam, G. (2014) Offsetting of CO2 emissions by air capture in mine tailings at the Mount Keith Nickel Mine, Western Australia: Rates, controls and prospects for carbon neutral mining. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 25 121-140
Austria
 
  • Salzburg
    • Hallein District
      • Hallein
Strasser, A. (1989): Die Minerale Salzburgs, Eigenverlag, Salzburg, 348 pp.
  • Styria
    • Liezen District
      • Admont
Meixner, H. (1977); R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Altaussee
R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Absam
        • Hall valley
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 447; R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
  • Upper Austria
    • Gmunden District
      • Bad Ischl
        • Perneck
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 447; R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Hallstatt
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 447; R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • Tocopilla Province
      • María Elena
        • Oficina María Elena
Collao, S., Arce, E., & Andía, A. (2002). Mineralogia, Quimica E Inclusiones Fluidas En Los Depositos DE Nitratos DE Maria Elena, IIa. Region, Chile. Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Química, 47(2), 181-190.
        • Pedro de Valdivia
Marta, V. E. G. A., & Pueyo, J. (1996) Parental Brine Evolution in the Chilean Nitrate Deposits (Pedro de Valdivia, II Region de Antofagasta). Mineralogical and Petrographic Data. Third ISAG, S1 Malo (France), 17-19/9/1996
China
 
  • Hubei
    • Wuhan
      • Jianghan District
Anthony, J.W. et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy
  • Qinghai
    • Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
      • Mangnai City (Mangya Co.)
Mily Wang, Yijie Wang, Chenglin Liu, and Yongzhi Chen (1993): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 15(1)
  • Xinjiang
    • Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture (Bayingolin Autonomous Prefecture; Bayinguoleng Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Ruoqiang Co. (Qakilik Co.; Chaqiliq Co.)
Wang Mili, Pu Qingyu, Liu Chenglin, and Chen Yongzhi (2000): Acta Geologica Sinica 74(2), 273-278.; Xiaohong Sun, Chenglin Liu, and Zhiqiang Xuan (2010): Mineral Deposits 29(4), 631-639
    • Turpan
      • Gaochang District
        • Turfan basin (Turpan basin)
Bingxiao Li (1992): Journal of Lake Sciences 4(1), 48-55
Germany
 
  • Hesse
    • Kassel Region
      • Fulda
        • Neuhof
          • Giesel
S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
Krah, O., (1988): Beobachtungen beim Durchbruch eines Basaltganges durch das Kalilager vom Werk Neuhof-Ellers, Der Aufschluss Vol. 39 (2), 103-113
      • Hersfeld-Rotenburg
        • Heringen
Weiss, S. (1990) Atlas der mineralfundstellen in Deutschland-West. Weise (Munich), 320 pgs.
        • Phillippsthal
Weiss, S. (1990) Atlas der mineralfundstellen in Deutschland-West. Weise (Munich), 320 pgs.
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Salzlandkreis
      • Staßfurt
Dana 6:A3:14,43,46; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 430, 447; Zr. Kr. (1911): 50: 139.
  • Thuringia
    • Wartburg District
      • Krayenberggemeinde
W.I. Borrisenkow (1968) Zeitschr. für angewandte Geologie 14, 7-10
Iceland
 
  • Southern Region
    • Rangárþing eystra
Balić-Žunić, T., Garavelli, A., Jakobsson, S. P., Jonasson, K., Katerinopoulos, A., Kyriakopoulos, K., & Acquafredda, P. (2016). Fumarolic minerals: An overview of active European volcanoes. In Updates in Volcanology-From Volcano Modelling To Volcano Geology. InTechOpen.
    • Vestmannaeyjar
      • Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands)
        • Surtsey Island
Jacobsson et al (1992) Encrustations from Lava Caves in Surtsey, Iceland. A Preliminary Report: Surtsey Research Progress Report X: 73-78 Reykjevik, Iceland.
Japan
 
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Minamisōma City
Seki, Y., Hirano, T., & Watanabe, K. (1987). Salt crystallization decay and water-rock interaction of rock-cliff Budda sculptures at Yakushido Temple of Odaka Town, Fukushima, Japan. The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 82(7), 269-279.
Kazakhstan
 
  • Atyrau Region
    • Inder
Pekov, I. V. & Abramov, D. V. (1993): Boron deposit of the Inder and its minerals. World of Stones, 1, 23-30.
Poland
 
  • Greater Poland Voivodeship
    • Koło County
      • Gmina Kłodawa
Jirásek, J.: Solný důl Kłodawa (Polsko). Minerál, 2004, roč. 12, č. 2, s. 98-102. ISSN 1213-0710 (excerpted from unpublished thesis Hanczke, T.: Mineralogia i petrografia soli czechstyńskich kopalni "Kłodawa". Doktroská práce, Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Instytut nauk geologicznych, 1967.); Wachowiak, J., Pieczka, A. (2016): Motukoreaite from the Kłodawa Salt Dome, Central Poland. Mineralogical Magazine, 80, 277-289
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Rybnik
      • Niedobczyce
Kruszewski, Ł. (2013): Supergene minerals from the burning coal mining dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, South Poland. International Journal of Coal Geology, 105, 91-109 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166516212002881)
    • Wodzisław County
      • Radlin
Ł. Kruszewski PXRD data (to be published soon); Kruszewski, Ł., Fabiańska, M.J., Segit, T., Kusy, D., Motyliński, R., Ciesielczuk, J., Deput, E., (2019): Carbon-nitrogen compounds, alcohols, mercaptans, monoterpenes, acetates, aldehydes, ketones, SF6, PH3, and other fire gases in coal-mining waste heaps of Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland) – a re-investigation by means of in situ FTIR external database approach. Science of The Total Environment (in press)
Russia
 
  • Kurgan Oblast
    • Tselinny District
Novoselov, A.A.; Konstantinov, A.O.; Lim, A.G.; Goetschl, K.E.; Loiko, S.V.; Mavromatis, V.; Pokrovsky, O.S. (2019) Mg-Rich Authigenic Carbonates in Coastal Facies of the Vtoroe Zasechnoe Lake (Southwest Siberia): First Assessment and Possible Mechanisms of Formation. Minerals 9, 763.
Turkey
 
  • Konya Province
van Doesburg, J.D.J., L. Vergouwen, and L. van der Plas (1982): Konyaite, Na2Mg(SO4)2•5H2O, a new mineral from the Great Konya Basin, Turkey. American Mineralogist 67, 1035-1038.
USA
 
  • California
    • San Luis Obispo County
      • Carrizo Plain
M. K. Eghbal , R. J. Southard and L. D. Whittig (1988) Dynamics of Evaporite Distribution in Soils on a Fan-Playa Transect in the Carrizo Plain, California. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53: 898–903
  • Colorado
    • Mesa County
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • Weld County
Zielinski, R. A., Otton, J. K., & Johnson, C. A. (2001). Sources of salinity near a coal mine spoil pile, north-central Colorado. Journal of environmental quality, 30(4), 1237-1248.
  • New Mexico
Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
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