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Västmanlandite-(Ce)

A valid IMA mineral species
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09017960014947571454414.jpg
Västmanlandite-(Ce), etc.

Malmkärra Mine, Norberg, Västmanland County, Sweden
04075660014947571483412.jpg
Västmanlandite-(Ce), etc.

Malmkärra Mine, Norberg, Västmanland County, Sweden
06068400014948330717510.jpg
Västmanlandite-(Ce)

Malmkärra Mine, Norberg, Västmanland County, Sweden
09017960014947571454414.jpg
Västmanlandite-(Ce), etc.

Malmkärra Mine, Norberg, Västmanland County, Sweden
04075660014947571483412.jpg
Västmanlandite-(Ce), etc.

Malmkärra Mine, Norberg, Västmanland County, Sweden
06068400014948330717510.jpg
Västmanlandite-(Ce)

Malmkärra Mine, Norberg, Västmanland County, Sweden
09017960014947571454414.jpg
Västmanlandite-(Ce), etc.

Malmkärra Mine, Norberg, Västmanland County, Sweden
04075660014947571483412.jpg
Västmanlandite-(Ce), etc.

Malmkärra Mine, Norberg, Västmanland County, Sweden
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About Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

Formula:
CaCe3(MgAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3F(OH)2
Colour:
Dark brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
4.51 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after Västmanland county, Bergslagen region, Sweden, the type locality. The suffix follows the Levinson rule for species with essential REE and indicates, in this case, the predominance of cerium.
A complex REE-silicate, visually similar to allanite-(Ce) and other members of the allanite group.

Closely related to Perbøeite-(Ce) and Ferriperbøeite-(Ce).
See also Unnamed (Fe-analogue of Västmanlandite-(Ce)).

Chemically related to dissakisite-(Ce), dollaseite-(Ce), manaevite-(Ce), gatelite-(Ce), and somewhat to khristovite-(Ce).

Unnamed (as yet) valid analogues: UM2007-35-SiO:AlCaFFeMgREE and UM2007-36-SiO:AlCaFFeMgREE.



Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
26372
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:26372:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
1607a81b-961d-4fb5-b591-2f34432c1d85

IMA Classification of Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

IMA status:
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ce3CaMg2Al2Si5O19(OH)2F
Approval year:
2002
First published:
2005

Classification of Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

Strunz-mindat (2023):
9.BG.55

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
Vml-CeIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

Lustre:
Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Dark brown
Streak:
Yellowish grey
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Parallel to (100).
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
4.51 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
Dispersion:
Strong, r > v.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = pale yellow; Y = reddish brown; Z = dark brown.
Comments:
Absorption: Z ~ Y > X.

Chemistry of Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

Mindat Formula:
CaCe3(MgAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3F(OH)2
Elements listed:
Al, Ca, Ce, F, H, Mg, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
REE,Fe,Ti,P

Crystallography of Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.939(1) Å, b = 5.706(1) Å, c = 15.855(2) Å
β = 94.58(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.567 : 1 : 2.779
Unit Cell V:
806.1 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Anhedral grains.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
15.81 Å(16)
4.65 Å(10)
3.50 Å(20)
2.983 Å(100)
2.685 Å(13)
2.678 Å(11)
2.625 Å(19)
2.187 Å(15)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
34 : Complex granite pegmatites

Type Occurrence of Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Malmkärra Mine, Norberg, Västmanland County, Sweden
General Appearance of Type Material:
Anhedral grains, 0.2-3 mm across.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, number 01+0081.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Bastnäs-type skarn deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
TremoliteSerpentine SubgroupMagnetiteFluorbritholite-(Ce)Dolomite
Dollaseite-(Ce)

Synonyms of Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

Other Language Names for Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

Relationship of Västmanlandite-(Ce) to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
14 photos of Västmanlandite-(Ce) associated with Fluorbritholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F
3 photos of Västmanlandite-(Ce) associated with Dollaseite-(Ce)(CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
2 photos of Västmanlandite-(Ce) associated with Gadolinite-(Nd)Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2
2 photos of Västmanlandite-(Ce) associated with MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4
1 photo of Västmanlandite-(Ce) associated with Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
1 photo of Västmanlandite-(Ce) associated with PyriteFeS2
1 photo of Västmanlandite-(Ce) associated with Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
1 photo of Västmanlandite-(Ce) associated with Ulfanderssonite-(Ce)(Ce15Ca)Σ16Mg2(SiO4)10(SiO3OH)(OH,F)5Cl3
1 photo of Västmanlandite-(Ce) associated with PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
1 photo of Västmanlandite-(Ce) associated with TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.BG.Shuiskite-(Cr)Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BG.Alnaperbøeite-(Ce)Ca(Ce2.5Na0.5)(AlAl2Al)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.MagnesiovesuvianiteCa19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.AlumovesuvianiteCa19AlAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.Zoisite-(Pb)(CaPb)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.BG.Vielleaureite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.Heflikite(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.Zilbermintsite-(La)(CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(La)(CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Y)(CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon.
9.BG.05aClinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bDissakisite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Dollaseite-(Ce)(CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aHancockite(CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Khristovite-(Ce)(CaCe)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aMukhinite(CaCa)(AlAlV3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon.
9.BG.05aPiemontite(CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Piemontite-(Sr)(CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bManganiandrosite-(La)(Mn2+La)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Tweddillite(CaSr)(Mn3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bFerriallanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Niigataite(CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Manganiandrosite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Dissakisite-(La)(CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Vanadoandrosite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Uedaite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aEpidote-(Sr)(CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Nd)(CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bUnnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce))(CaCe)(Fe3+AlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05bUnnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce))(CaCe)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05bFerriallanite-(La)(CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bÅskagenite-(Nd)(Mn2+Nd)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]OMon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Piemontite-(Pb)(CaPb)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bVanadoallanite-(La)(CaLa)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Ferriandrosite-(La)(Mn2+La)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Androsite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05a vUnnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote)(CaCa)(AlAlGa3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05bUM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE(Ca0.5◻0.5REE)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05bManganiakasakaite-(La)(CaLa)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bFerriakasakaite-(Ce)(CaCe)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.9.BG.Ferriakasakaite-(La)(CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.9.BG.Ferriandrosite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.9.BGFerriperbøeite-(Ce)CaCe3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.10Zoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.BG.15MacfalliteCa2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.15SursassiteMn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe2+)Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20OkhotskiteCa2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)Ca2Fe2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe3+)Ca2Fe3+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon. 2/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mg)Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)Ca2Mn2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Shuiskite-(Mg)Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe3+)Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon.
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Al)Ca2AlAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon. 2/m
9.BG.20PoppiiteCa2V3+V3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Mg)Ca2MgFe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon.
9.BG.25GanomalitePb9Ca5Mn(Si2O7)4(SiO4)OHex. 6 : P6
9.BG.25WayneburnhamitePb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3Hex. 6 : P6
9.BG.30RustumiteCa10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.BG.35VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35WiluiteCa19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35ManganvesuvianiteCa19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.35FluorvesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(F,OH)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35CyprineCa19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.35HongheiteCa19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg)8(◻4)B[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH,O)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35Milanriederite(Ca18[REE])Fe3+Al4(Mg4Al4)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35Manaevite-(Ce)(Ca13Ce4[H2O]2)Mg(Al3Mg)(Mg3Ti3Fe3+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2]O(OH)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.40Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)(Y,Yb)4Al2.5-1.5(Si,Al)1.5-2.5(SiO4)4O(OH)7Mon.
9.BG.45DellaiteCa6Si3O11(OH)2Tric.
9.BG.50Gatelite-(Ce)CaCe3(AlAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BG.50Perbøeite-(Ce)CaCe3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.50Ferriperbøeite-(La) CaLa3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.50Perbøeite-(La)CaLa3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.60Radekškodaite-(La) (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.60Radekškodaite-(Ce)(CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Unaffected by cold concentrated HCl and HNO3.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

References for Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

Reference List:
Holtstam, Dan, Kolitsch, Uwe, Andersson, Ulf B. (2005) Västmanlandite-(Ce) a new lanthanide- and F-bearing sorosilicate mineral from Västmanland, Sweden: description, crystal structure, and relation to gatelite-(Ce) European Journal of Mineralogy, 17 (1) 129-142 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0129
(2023) Västmanlandite-(Ce) Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for Västmanlandite-(Ce)Hide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Sweden
 
  • Örebro County
    • Nora
      • Rödberg Mines
Holtstam, Dan, Kolitsch, Uwe, Andersson, Ulf B. (2005) Västmanlandite-(Ce) a new lanthanide- and F-bearing sorosilicate mineral from Västmanland, Sweden: description, crystal structure, and relation to gatelite-(Ce) European Journal of Mineralogy, 17 (1) 129-142 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0129
  • Västmanland County
    • Norberg
Sandström, F. (2005): Västmanlandit-(Ce)- ett nytt mineral från Malmkärragruvan i Norberg. Litofilen, 22 (1): 13
Holtstam, D., Andersson, U. B. (2007) The REE minerals of the Bastnäs-type deposits, South-Central Sweden. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45 (5) 1073-1114 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.5.1073
Holtstam, Dan, Kolitsch, Uwe, Andersson, Ulf B. (2005) Västmanlandite-(Ce) a new lanthanide- and F-bearing sorosilicate mineral from Västmanland, Sweden: description, crystal structure, and relation to gatelite-(Ce) European Journal of Mineralogy, 17 (1) 129-142 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0129
Holtstam, Dan, Bindi, Luca, Hålenius, Ulf, Kolitsch, Uwe, Mansfeld, Joakim (2017) Ulfanderssonite-(Ce), a new Cl-bearing REE silicate mineral species from the Malmkärra mine, Norberg, Sweden. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29 (6) 1015-1026 doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2670
Holtstam, D., Casey, P., Bindi, L., Förster, H., Karlsson, A., & Appelt, O. (2023). Fluorbritholite-(Nd), Ca2Nd3(SiO4)3F, a new and a key mineral for neodymium sequestration in REE skarns. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-20. doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.45
      • Smörberg ore field
Holtstam, Dan, Kolitsch, Uwe, Andersson, Ulf B. (2005) Västmanlandite-(Ce) a new lanthanide- and F-bearing sorosilicate mineral from Västmanland, Sweden: description, crystal structure, and relation to gatelite-(Ce) European Journal of Mineralogy, 17 (1) 129-142 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0129
Sandström, F. (2005): Västmanlandit-(Ce)- ett nytt mineral från Malmkärragruvan i Norberg. Litofilen, 22 (1): 13
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