Naumannite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Naumannite
Karl Friedrich Naumann
Formula:
Ag2Se
Colour:
grey-black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
7.0 - 8.0
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named after Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann (30 May 1797 – 26 November 1873), German crystallographer and geologist.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2866
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2866:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
4b79f903-ffd5-4b24-8bb1-a598f8cb0b43
IMA Classification of Naumannite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1828
Type description reference:
Classification of Naumannite
2.BA.55
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
A : With Cu, Ag, Au
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
A : With Cu, Ag, Au
2.4.1.2
2 : SULFIDES
4 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:1
2 : SULFIDES
4 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:1
3.2.3
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
2 : Sulphides etc. of Ag
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
2 : Sulphides etc. of Ag
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Nau | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Nau | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Naumannite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
grey-black
Comment:
tarnishes to iridescent brownish
Streak:
black
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=33 - 84 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Sectile
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Hackly
Density:
7.0 - 8.0 g/cm3 (Measured) 8.24 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Naumannite
Anisotropism:
Distinct but weak, pale gray to dark gray
Chemistry of Naumannite
Mindat Formula:
Ag2Se
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Pb,S
Crystallography of Naumannite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
2 2 2 - Disphenoidal
Space Group:
P21 21 21
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.333 Å, b = 7.062 Å, c = 7.764 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.614 : 1 : 1.099
Unit Cell V:
237.58 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Granular massive
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000262 | Naumannite | Wiegers G A (1971) The crystal structure of the low-temperature form of silver selenide American Mineralogist 56 1882-1888 |  | 1971 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.67 Å | (100) |
| 2.57 Å | (100) |
| 2.24 Å | (60) |
| 2.006 Å | (40) |
| 4.15 Å | (20) |
| 2.42 Å | (20) |
| 2.11 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
hydrothermal veins deficient in sulfur.
Type Occurrence of Naumannite
Reference:
Rose, G. (1828) Über ein neues Selenerz vom Harz.- Poggendorffs Annalen der Physik und Chemie: 14: 471-473.
Synonyms of Naumannite
Other Language Names for Naumannite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 18 photos of Naumannite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 16 photos of Naumannite associated with Clausthalite | PbSe |
| 16 photos of Naumannite associated with Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
| 14 photos of Naumannite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 12 photos of Naumannite associated with Aguilarite | Ag4SeS |
| 9 photos of Naumannite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 9 photos of Naumannite associated with Tiemannite | HgSe |
| 7 photos of Naumannite associated with Bohdanowiczite | AgBiSe2 |
| 7 photos of Naumannite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 6 photos of Naumannite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.BA. | Orileyite | (Fe,Cu)2As |
| 2.BA. | Alburnite | Ag8GeTe2S4 |
| 2.BA. | Dzierżanowskite | CaCu2S2 |
| 2.BA. | Makotoite | Ag12(Cu3Au)S8 |
| 2.BA. | Xuwenyuanite | Ag9Fe3+Te2S4 |
| 2.BA.05 | Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| 2.BA.05 | Djurleite | Cu31S16 |
| 2.BA.05 | Geerite | Cu8S5 |
| 2.BA.05 | Roxbyite | Cu9S5 |
| 2.BA.10 | Anilite | Cu7S4 |
| 2.BA.10 | Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| 2.BA.15 | Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| 2.BA.20 | Bellidoite | Cu2Se |
| 2.BA.20 | Berzelianite | Cu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12) |
| 2.BA.25 | Athabascaite | Cu5Se4 |
| 2.BA.25 | Umangite | Cu3Se2 |
| 2.BA.30 | Rickardite | Cu7Te5 |
| 2.BA.30 | Weissite | Cu2-xTe |
| 2.BA.35 | Acanthite | Ag2S |
| 2.BA.35 | Spryite | Ag8(As3+0.5As5+0.5)S6 |
| 2.BA.40 | Mckinstryite | Ag5-xCu3+xS4 |
| 2.BA.40 | Stromeyerite | AgCuS |
| 2.BA.40d | UM2003-13-S:AgAuCu | Ag6AuCu2S5 |
| 2.BA.42 | Honeaite | Au3TlTe2 |
| 2.BA.45 | Jalpaite | Ag3CuS2 |
| 2.BA.45 | Kurilite | Ag8Te3Se |
| 2.BA.45 | Selenojalpaite | Ag3CuSe2 |
| 2.BA.47 | Spiridonovite | (Cu1-xAgx)2Te |
| 2.BA.50 | Eucairite | AgCuSe |
| 2.BA.50 | Wuyanzhiite | Cu2S |
| 2.BA.52 | Argentite | Ag2S |
| 2.BA.55 | Aguilarite | Ag4SeS |
| 2.BA.60 | Cervelleite | Ag4TeS |
| 2.BA.60 | Hessite | Ag2Te |
| 2.BA.60 | Chenguodaite | Ag9Fe3+Te2S4 |
| 2.BA.65 | Henryite | (Cu,Ag)3+xTe2 , with x ~ 0.40 |
| 2.BA.65 | Stützite | Ag5-xTe3, x = 0.24-0.36 |
| 2.BA.70 | Argyrodite | Ag8GeS6 |
| 2.BA.70 | Canfieldite | Ag8SnS6 |
| 2.BA.70 | Putzite | (Cu4.7Ag3.3)GeS6 |
| 2.BA.75 | Fischesserite | Ag3AuSe2 |
| 2.BA.75 | Penzhinite | (Ag,Cu)4Au(S,Se)4 |
| 2.BA.75 | Petrovskaite | AuAgS |
| 2.BA.75 | Petzite | Ag3AuTe2 |
| 2.BA.75 | Uytenbogaardtite | Ag3AuS2 |
| 2.BA.80 | Bezsmertnovite | (Au,Ag)4Cu(Te,Pb) |
| 2.BA.80 | Bilibinskite | PbCu2Au3Te2 |
| 2.BA.80 | Bogdanovite | (Au,Te,Pb)3(Cu,Fe) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Silver ore
Internet Links for Naumannite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2866.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Naumannite
Localities for Naumannite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Paar (1996) |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
| Paar et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Marquez-Zavalia et al. (2021) | |
| de Brodtkorb et al. (2010) |
| DE BRODTKORB +1 other reference | |
| de Brodtkorb et al. (2010) | |
| Recursos Minerales de la Republica ... +3 other references | |
| Grundmann et al. (2018) |
| Econ Geol (1997) +1 other reference |
| Ahlfeld Friedrich and Angelelll ... +1 other reference |
| Ana Cecilia Mugas-Lobos et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Rudashevsky et al. (2018) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Melekestseva |
| Firstova et al. (2019) |
Australia | |
| Paul (2010) |
| Segnit +1 other reference |
| a proton-microprobe study. The Canadian Mineralogist (2) +1 other reference |
| Sorrell (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Kalleske (2010) |
| Nickel (2002) |
| Simpson et al. (1948) |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Simpson (1948) | |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
Belgium | |
| Jedwab et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Hurlbut et al. (1969) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| Berni et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Bulgaria | |
| Cioacă et al. (2018) |
| Tarkian et al. (2003) +2 other references |
Canada | |
| British Columbia Ministry of Energy |
| Garagan (2014) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Healy et al. (1990) |
| Junco Rojas (2022) |
| Sparkes et al. (2016) |
| Thorpe et al. (1976) +3 other references |
| Econ Geol (1994) +1 other reference |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| Kjarsgaard et al. (2010, June) | |
| Ames et al. (2007) +2 other references |
| Kjarsgaard et al. (2010, June) | |
| CM 30 +2 other references |
| Economic Geology (1996) |
| Williams (1990) |
China | |
| Yi Li and Youbin Liang (1993) |
| Xiong et al. (2022) |
| Minzhi Yang (2000) +3 other references |
| Yeming Zhang et al. (2000) |
| Chao Chen and Fapeng Xie (1986) +1 other reference |
| Mengxiang Zhou (2006) |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Wallis (2006) |
| Zhicheng Lü et al. (2002) +2 other references |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Yazhou Sha et al. (2013) |
| Zhaolong Li and Lianying Zhang (1999) +2 other references |
| Zhi Li et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Lianhui Dong and Changlie Tian (2001) +1 other reference |
| Bingyu Zhu et al. (2010) | |
| Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Pažout et al. (2019) |
| Škácha et al. (2017) | |
| Plášil J. (2010) |
| Scharm +7 other references |
| Sejkora (2016) |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Sejkora J. et al. (Česká republika) |
| Pauliš et al. (2019) |
| Veselovský (2019) | |
| Scharmová (1998) |
| Strübel +2 other references |
| Sejkora (1994) +1 other reference |
| Flégr et al. (2018) |
| Vavřín (1994) |
Fiji | |
| Pals et al. (2003) |
Finland | |
| M. J. Holma and V. J. Keinänen (2006) |
| Iljina |
France | |
| R. Pierrot |
Germany | |
| 90 +5 other references |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
| Seeliger et al. (1965) +1 other reference |
| Kopp et al. (2012) |
| Belendorff (2021) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Koch et al. (2018) |
| Simon et al. (1997) |
| G. Rose (1828) +1 other reference |
| Forster et al. (2004) |
| Hajek (2010) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| The Canadian Mineralogist | |
| Heider et al. (2022) |
Greenland | |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
Hungary | |
| Kupi-Zajzon |
Indonesia | |
| Yuningsih et al. (2014) |
| Rivai +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
Iran | |
| Ali Sholeh et al. (2016) |
Italy | |
| Moroni et al. (2019) |
Japan | |
| Matsukuma (1962) |
| Shikazono (1985) |
| 島倉広至 et al. (2015) |
| Sugaki et al (1982) +1 other reference |
| Tharalson +5 other references |
| Sorulen et al. (2019) |
| Shikazono (1985) |
| WARREN (2005) +3 other references |
| ... +2 other references | |
| Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto) +4 other references |
| Shikazono (1985) |
| Shikazono (1985) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012) |
| Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan) |
Jordan | |
| Sokol +9 other references |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Solana Espinosa +2 other references | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Solé et al. (2021) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| www.almadenminerals.com (2018) |
| Christian Rewitzer personal collection ... |
Namibia | |
| Desor (SEM-EDS 04/2020) |
New Zealand | |
| Boyle (1979) |
| Christie et al. (2007) | |
| Econ Geol (1997) | |
| Fyfe (2014) |
| Simpson et al. (2007) +1 other reference | |
| Simpson et al. (2011) | |
| Fitzgerald (2004) |
| Cocker et al. (2013) |
Norway | |
| Kullerud et al. (2018) |
| Kullerud et al. (2018) |
| Bullock et al. (2018) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2005) |
| Frigstad (1972) | |
| Neumann (1985) |
Peru | |
| Crespo +4 other references |
Poland | |
| Jadwiga PIECZONKA et al. (2008) |
| Kozłowski et al. (2022) |
| Pringle et al. (1980) +4 other references |
| Piestrzyński et al. (2012) | |
| Galuskin E. & Szełęg E. 2003: The first finding of Ag-amalgamates in rodingites (Nasławice, Lower Silesia, Poland) |
Portugal | |
| Cabri et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Popescu et al. (2010) |
Russia | |
| Barton et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| Belogub et al. (2008) |
| Vishnevsky A. V. et al. (2017) +1 other reference | |
| Ayupova et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| Savva et al. (2011) |
| Zhuravkova et al. (2019) | |
| Volkov et al. (2011) |
| Kolova et al. (2021) |
| www.infomine.com (n.d.) +2 other references | |
| Pekov (1998) | |
| Anastasiya SERGEEVA (2023) |
| Sidorov +5 other references | |
| Spiridonov et al. (2009, April) | |
| Palyanova et al. (2023) |
| Palyanova et al. (2023) | |
| Takahashi +3 other references |
| Tolstykh et al. (2022) | |
| Макшаков et al. (СЕВЕРНОЕ ПРИОХОТЬЕ) |
| Буханова (2018) | |
| Fats’yanov et al. (2010, November) +1 other reference | |
| Sidorov et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Пальянова et al. (2016) |
| Obushkov et al. (2010) | |
| Palyanova et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| T. V. Zhuravkova et al. (2015) +2 other references | |
| Tauson et al. (2017) |
| Savva et al. (2011) |
| Ivanov et al. (2020, July) |
| Yury L. Voytekhovsky (2008) | |
| ROGULINA et al. (2004) |
| - (2014) |
| Kuleshevich et al. (2012) |
| [World of Stones 12:49] | |
| Kondratieva et al. (2021) |
| Kondratieva et al. (2021) | |
| Econ Geol (1997) +1 other reference |
| Kuzhuget et al. (2015) |
| Kuzhuget et al. (2022) | |
| Novoselov et al. (2020) |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa R. et al. (Schemnitz) |
| Števko M. et al. (2018) |
| Kozub et al. (2011) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
South Korea | |
| Choi et al. (2005) |
| Choi et al. (2005) |
Spain | |
| Castillo et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
Sweden | |
| Sandström (2007) |
| Scherbina (1941) +2 other references |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (2012) |
Tajikistan | |
| Moralev et al. (1999) |
Turkey | |
| Oyman (2010) |
UK | |
| Stanley et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Parnell et al. (2016) |
USA | |
| Wenrich (1989) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Adams (2016) +1 other reference |
| Vikre |
| Marty | |
| |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 109. +2 other references |
| Shawe et al. (2011) |
| Ream |
| Ream (1995) | |
| Allen (1990) | |
| Ream (1995) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Sillitoe (1985) |
| Ream (1995) | |
| Shannon (1920) +2 other references | |
| Ream (2004) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min. 70:255 +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +2 other references | |
| Tharalson +6 other references | |
| Cain et al. (2007) |
| - (2005) +1 other reference |
| LaPointe et al. (199) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Econ Geol (1994) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Vikre (1985) |
| - (2005) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Mankins (2022) |
| Hayes et al. (2019) |
| Aird et al. (2021) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 31 |
| Castor et al. (1993) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks and Minerals (1999) |
| Part 1 +2 other references |
| Smith (1991) |
| Smith (1991) |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) +1 other reference | |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references |
| Econ Geol (1997) | |
| John Lindell Collection | |
| Ripple |
Uzbekistan | |
| Koneev et al. (2005) |
| Koneev et al. (2005) |
| Koneev et al. (2005) | |
| Rustam Koneev et al. (2005) |
Zambia | |
| Southwood et al. (2019) |
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Virgen de Surumi mine, Pakajake Canyon, Colquechaca, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia