Pectolite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Pectolite
Formula:
NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Colour:
Colourless, white, pale pink, greenish, pale blue
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Silky
Hardness:
4½ - 5
Specific Gravity:
2.84 - 2.9
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1828 by Franz von Kobell from the Greek πηκτός (English: pektos) for "held tightly together", in allusion to its resistance to pulverization.
Wollastonite Group.
Pectolite-Serandite Series. The calcium analogue of Sérandite.
Constitutes serandite-schizolite-pectolite series.
Pectolite-Serandite Series. The calcium analogue of Sérandite.
Constitutes serandite-schizolite-pectolite series.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Pectolite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3141
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3141:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
4717fbcb-4a4b-42ed-b52d-ed7ad68bbba4
IMA Classification of Pectolite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Pectolite
9.DG.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
65.2.1.4a
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
2 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
2 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3
14.6.2
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
6 : Silicates of Ca with alkali or Mg or both
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
6 : Silicates of Ca with alkali or Mg or both
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Pct | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pct | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
Pct | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Pct | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Pct | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Pectolite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Pectolite
Sub-Vitreous, Silky
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, white, pale pink, greenish, pale blue
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ - 5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {100} and {001}
on {100} and {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Comment:
Tough when compact.
Density:
2.84 - 2.9 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.87 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pectolite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.594 - 1.610 nβ = 1.603 - 1.614 nγ = 1.631 - 1.642
2V:
Measured: 50° to 63°, Calculated: 42° to 60°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.037
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v weak to very strong
Optical Extinction:
X ∧ c = 10°-19°; Y ∧ a = 10°-16°; Z ∧ b = 2°.
Chemistry of Pectolite
Mindat Formula:
NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Common Impurities:
K,Fe,Mg,Al,H2O
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | 2 | 4 | |
---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | 54.21 % | 53.87 % | 53.86 % |
Mn2O3* | 0.06 % | % | % |
MnO* | 1.04 % | 1.51 % | % |
CaO | 32.20 % | 31.93 % | 32.81 % |
SrO | 0.22 % | 0.16 % | 0.01 % |
Na2O | 9.03 % | 8.76 % | 8.64 % |
Li2O (est. stoichiometry | 0.22 % | 0.28 % | % |
H2O (by stoichiometry) | 2.70 % | 2.69 % | 2.67 % |
P2O5 | 0.02 % | 0.03 % | 0.03 % |
ZrO2 | 0.04 % | 0.01 % | % |
Fe2O3* | 0.01 % | % | % |
NiO | 0.01 % | % | % |
MgO | 0.02 % | 0.03 % | 0.02 % |
K2O | 0.01 % | 0.01 % | 0.08 % |
Cr2O3 | % | 0.01 % | % |
FeO* | % | 0.03 % | 0.31 % |
SO3 | % | % | 0.10 % |
Al2O3 | % | % | 0.01 % |
Ga2O3 | % | % | 0.01 % |
V2O3 | % | % | 0.02 % |
MnO | % | % | 0.80 % |
PbO | % | % | 0.01 % |
Total: | 99.79 % | 99.32 % | 99.38 % |
Empirical formulas:
Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
---|---|
1 | (Na0.94Li~0.05?Sr0.01)(Ca1.91Mn2+0.05Na0.03)[Si3.00O8(OH)] |
2 | (Na0.93Li~0.06?Sr0.01)(Ca1.91Mn2+0.07Na0.02)[Si3.00O8(OH)] |
4 | (Na0.94Ca0.03K0.01)(Ca1.94Mn2+0.04Fe2+0.01)[Si3.02O8(OH)] |
Sample references:
ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1 | N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa | weakly zoned pectolite, analysis of rim displaying bright yellow cathodoluminescence. H2O calculated from stoichiometry. Estimated minor Li2O added to improve stoichiometry, but should be verified by ICP-MS or SIMS. *Fe3+/∑Fe and Mn3+/∑Mn calculated by charge balance. | |
2 | " " | weakly zoned pectolite, analysis of core displaying pale yellow cathodoluminescence. H2O calculated from stoichiometry. Estimated minor Li2O added to improve stoichiometry, but should be verified by ICP-MS or SIMS. *Fe3+/∑Fe and Mn3+/∑Mn calculated by charge balance. | |
4 | North Wilson pit, Union Carbide Mine, Wilson Springs, Garland County, Arkansas, USA | observed as rims around some wollastonite grains; note that pectolite was not observed visually in the hand sample. Normalized to ∑(cations) = 6. *Fe3+/∑Fe calculated by charge balance; H2O calculated by stoichiometry. |
Crystallography of Pectolite
Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
Pectolite-1A | Pectolite-M2abc |
---|---|
NaCa2[HSi3O9] | |
Triclinic | |
1 - Pinacoidal | |
P1 | |
a = 7.980(1) Å, b = 7.023(1) Å, c = 7.018(1) Å α = 90.54(1)°, β = 95.14(1)°, γ = 102.55(1)° | |
a:b:c = 1.136 : 1 : 0.999 | |
V 382.20 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) | |
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0010648 | Pectolite | Prewitt C T (1967) Refinement of the structure of pectolite, Ca2NaHSi3O9 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 125 298-316 | 1967 | Erie railroad cut, Bergen Hill, New Jersey, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.921 Å | (100) |
3.10 Å | (80) |
3.90 Å | (60) |
3.33 Å | (60b) |
3.28 Å | (60b) |
2.739 Å | (60) |
2.600 Å | (60) |
Comments:
Bergen Hill, New Jersey, USA. Data from Hildebrand (1953).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks | |
10 : Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals | |
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
Primary mineral in nepheline syenites. Hydrothermal mineral in cavities in basalts and diabases. In serpentinites and peridotites.
Type Occurrence of Pectolite
Co-Type Localities:
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Synonyms of Pectolite
Other Language Names for Pectolite
Russian:Пектолит
Simplified Chinese:针钠钙石
Spanish:Gonsogolita
Pecktolita
Pectolita
Pecktolita
Pectolita
Traditional Chinese:針鈉鈣石
Varieties of Pectolite
Larimar | A trade name for a bluish massive pectolite found in the Dominican Republic and exploited as a gem material. Originally described from Filipinas Larimar Mine, Los Checheses, Sierra de Baoruco, Barahona Province, Dominican Republic. |
Manganese-bearing Pectolite | A manganese-bearing variety of pectolite. |
Relationship of Pectolite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Barrydawsonite-(Y) | Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O8(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Cascandite | CaScSi3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 |
Dalnegorskite | Ca5Mn(Si3O9)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) | Tric. 1 |
Mendigite | Mn2Mn2MnCa(Si3O9)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Murakamiite | LiCa2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Serandite | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Tanohataite | LiMn2Si3O8(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Vistepite | SnMn4B2Si4O16(OH)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
142 photos of Pectolite associated with Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
112 photos of Pectolite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
76 photos of Pectolite associated with Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
62 photos of Pectolite associated with Apophyllite Group | AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O |
59 photos of Pectolite associated with Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
54 photos of Pectolite associated with Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
52 photos of Pectolite associated with Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
44 photos of Pectolite associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
39 photos of Pectolite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
34 photos of Pectolite associated with Sugilite | KNa2Fe3+2Li3[Si12O30] |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.DG. | Calcinaksite | KNaCa(Si4O10) · H2O |
9.DG. | Barrydawsonite-(Y) | Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O8(OH) |
9.DG. | Paratobermorite | Ca4(Al0.5Si0.5)2Si4O16(OH)(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) |
9.DG. | Enricofrancoite | KNaCaSi4O10 |
9.DG. | Alvesite | NaKZrSi6O15 · 2H2O |
9.DG.02 | Steedeite | NaMn2[Si3BO9](OH)2 |
9.DG.02 | Nolzeite | NaMn2[Si3BO9](OH)2 · 2H2O |
9.DG.05 | Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
9.DG.05 | Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) |
9.DG.05 | Serandite | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) |
9.DG.05 | Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
9.DG.05 | Wollastonite-1A | CaSiO3 |
9.DG.05 | Tanohataite | LiMn2Si3O8(OH) |
9.DG.05 | Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) |
9.DG.05 | Murakamiite | LiCa2Si3O8(OH) |
9.DG.05 | Dalnegorskite | Ca5Mn(Si3O9)2 |
9.DG.07 | Cascandite | CaScSi3O8(OH) |
9.DG.08 | Plombièrite | [Ca4Si6O16(OH)2 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 5H2O) |
9.DG.10 | Clinotobermorite | [Ca4Si6O17 · 2H2O] · (Ca · 3H2O) |
9.DG.10 | Riversideite | Ca5(HSi3O9)2 · 2H2O |
9.DG.10 | Tobermorite | Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) |
9.DG.12 | Jusite | Na2Ca15Al4Si16O54 · 17H2O |
9.DG.12 | Kenotobermorite | Ca4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2 · 3H2O |
9.DG.15 | Foshagite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 |
9.DG.20 | Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O |
9.DG.20 | Kamenevite | K2TiSi3O9 · H2O |
9.DG.25 | Paraumbite | K3Zr2H(Si3O9)2 · nH2O |
9.DG.25 | Umbite | K2(Zr,Ti)Si3O9 · H2O |
9.DG.30 | Sørensenite | Na4SnBe2Si6O16(OH)4 |
9.DG.32 | Escheite | Ca2NaMnTi5[Si12O34]O2(OH)3 · 12H2O |
9.DG.35 | Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
9.DG.40 | Hillebrandite | Ca2(SiO3)(OH)2 |
9.DG.45 | Zorite | Na8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2O |
9.DG.45 | Chivruaiite | Ca4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 13-14H2O |
9.DG.50 | Haineaultite | (Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,F)8 · 5H2O |
9.DG.55 | Epididymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O |
9.DG.60 | Eudidymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O |
9.DG.65 | Elpidite | Na2ZrSi6O15 · 3H2O |
9.DG.65 | Patynite | NaKCa4[Si9O23] |
9.DG.67 | Whelanite | Cu2+2Ca6[Si6O17(OH)](CO3)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
9.DG.70 | Fenaksite | (K,Na)4(Fe,Mn)2(Si4O10)2(OH,F) |
9.DG.70 | Litidionite | CuNaKSi4O10 |
9.DG.70 | Manaksite | KNaMnSi4O10 |
9.DG.70 | Yusupovite | Na2Zr(Si6O15) · 2.5H2O |
9.DG.75 | Tinaksite | K2Na(Ca,Mn2+)2TiO[Si7O18(OH)] |
9.DG.75 | Tokkoite | K2Ca4[Si7O18(OH)](OH,F) |
9.DG.75 | Senkevichite | CsKNaCa2TiO[Si7O18](OH) |
9.DG.80 | Canasite | K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4 |
9.DG.80 | Fluorcanasite | K3Na3Ca5Si12O30F4 · H2O |
9.DG.85 | Miserite | K1.5-x(Ca,Y,REE)5(Si6O15)(Si2O7)(OH,F)2 · yH2O |
9.DG.90 | Frankamenite | K3Na3Ca5(Si12O30)(F,OH)4 · H2O |
9.DG.92 | Charoite | (K,Sr)15-16(Ca,Na)32[Si6O11(O,OH)6]2[Si12O18(O,OH)12]2[Si17O25(O,OH)18]2(OH,F)4 · ~3H2O |
9.DG.95 | Yuksporite | K4(Ca,Na)14(Sr,Ba)2(◻,Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3 |
9.DG.97 | Eveslogite | (Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)48 [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe2+)12Si48O144(OH)12](F,OH,Cl)14 |
Other Information
Notes:
May be triboluminescent.
Health Risks:
The white needles of pectolite are sharp and stiff and easily penetrate the skin. Once embedded they are invisible and brittle and difficult to remove, often very painful. Handle with caution at all times. Do not rub your hands after handling. Rinse hands in a strong stream of water before handling anything else, especially food.
Pectolite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Pectolite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3141.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Pectolite
Reference List:
Schaller, Waldemar T. (1955) The pectolite-schizolite-serandite series. American Mineralogist, 40 (11-12) 1022-1031
Ohashi, Yoshikazu, Finger, Larry W. (1978) The role of octahedral cations in pyroxenoid crystal chemistry. I. Bustamite, wollastonite, and the pectolite-schizolite-serandite series. American Mineralogist, 63 (3-4) 274-288
Fleischer, Michael, Cabri, Louis J., Chao, George Y., Pabst, Adolf (1978) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 63 (3-4) 424-427
Hammer, Vera M. F., Libowitzky, Eugen, Rossman, George R. (1998) Single-crystal IR spectroscopy of very strong hydrogen bonds in pectolite, NaCa2[Si3O8(OH)], and serandite, NaMn2[Si3O8(OH)]. American Mineralogist, 83 (5) 569-576 doi:10.2138/am-1998-5-617
Nagashima, Mariko, Imaoka, Teruyoshi, Fukuda, Chihiro, Pettke, Thomas (2018) Relationship between cation substitution and hydrogen-bond system in hydrous pyroxenoids with three-periodic single-chain of SiO4 tetrahedra: pectolite, murakamiite, marshallsussmanite, serandite and tanohataite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 30 (3) 451-463 doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2744
Lussier, Aaron J., Grice, Joel D., Friis, Henrik, Poirier, Glenn G. (2021) Insights into the crystal chemistry of the serandite–schizolite–pectolite series. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (3) 551-572 doi:10.3749/canmin.1900097
Localities for Pectolite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
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Guarino, Vincenza, Lustrino, Michele, Zanetti, Alberto, Tassinari, Colombo C.G., Ruberti, Excelso, de' Gennaro, Roberto, Melluso, Leone (2021) Mineralogy and geochemistry of a giant agpaitic magma reservoir: The Late Cretaceous Poços de Caldas potassic alkaline complex (SE Brazil) Lithos, 398-399. 106330 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106330 | |
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Cámara, F., Sokolova, E., Hawthorne, F. C., Rowe, R., Grice, J. D., Tait, K. T. (2013) Veblenite, K2☐2Na(Fe2+5Fe3+4Mn2+7☐)Nb3Ti(Si2O7)2(Si8O22)2O6(OH)10(H2O)3, a new mineral from Seal Lake, Newfoundland and Labrador: mineral description, crystal structure, and a new veblenite Si8O22ribbon. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (7) 2955-2974 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.7.06 | |
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| Chakrabarty, A., Mitchell, R. H., Ren, M., Sen, A. K., Pruseth, K. L. (2013) Rinkite, cerianite-(Ce), and hingganite-(Ce) in syenite gneisses from the Sushina Hill Complex, India: occurrence, compositional data and petrogenetic significance. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (8) 3137-3153 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.8.08 |
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Lesotho | |
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Madagascar | |
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Mexico | |
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Morocco | |
| Bea, F., Montero, P., Haissen, F., El Archi, A. (2013) 2.46Ga kalsilite and nepheline syenites from the Awsard pluton, Reguibat Rise of the West African Craton, Morocco. Generation of extremely K-rich magmas at the Archean–Proterozoic transition. Precambrian Research, 224. 242-254 doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2012.09.024 |
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| El Khalile, Abdessamed, Aissa, Mohamed, Touil, Ahmed, Hibti, Mohamed, Loudaoued, Ilyasse, Bilal, Essaid (2023) Evolution of Ore-Forming Fluids at Azegour Mo-Cu-W Skarn Deposit, Western High Atlas, Morocco: Evidence from Mineral Chemistry and Fluid Inclusions. Minerals, 13 (12) doi:10.3390/min13121537 |
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Myanmar | |
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Namibia | |
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New Zealand | |
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Norway | |
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| Berge, Svein A. (n.d.) Personal communication.John Brommeland collection/observation 1977 |
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Pakistan | |
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Poland | |
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Romania | |
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Russia | |
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| Men'shikov, Y. P. (2006) Chivruaiite, Ca4(Ti,Nb)5[(Si6O17)2[(OH,O)5]·13-14H2O, a new mineral from hydrothermal veins of Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline massifs. American Mineralogist, 91 (5) 922-928 doi:10.2138/am.2006.2032 Yakovenchuk, V. N., Ivanyuk, G. Y., Pakhomovsky, Y. A., Selivanova, E. A., Men'Shikov, Y. P., Korchak, J. A., Krivovichev, S. V., Spiridonova, D. V., Zalkind, O. A. (2010) Punkaruaivite, LiTi2[Si4O11(OH)]2·H2O, a new mineral species from hydrothermal assemblages, Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline massifs, Kola Peninsula, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (1) 41-50 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.1.41 |
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Khomyakov, A. P., Nechelyustov, G. N., Sokolova, E., Bonaccorsi, E., Merlino, S., Pasero, M. (2002) Megakalsilite, a new polymorph of KAlSiO4 from the Khibina Alkaline Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia: mineral description and crystal structure. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (3) 961-970 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.3.961 | |
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Yakovenchuk, V. N., Ivanyuk, G. Y., Krivovichev, S. V., Pakhomovsky, Y. A., Selivanova, E. A., Korchak, J. A., Men'shikov, Y. P., Drogobuzhskaya, S. V., Zalkind, O. A. (2011) Eliseevite, Na1.5Li[Ti2Si4O12.5(OH)1.5] · 2H2O, a new microporous titanosilicate from the Lovozero alkaline massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia) American Mineralogist, 96 (10) 1624-1629 doi:10.2138/am.2011.3726 | |
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South Africa | |
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Sweden | |
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| Adamson, Olge J. (1942) Eckermannite, a new alkali amphibole. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 64 (3) 329-334 doi:10.1080/11035894209446082 Adamson, Olge Jungstedt (1944) The Petrology of the Norra Kärr District. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 66 (2) 112-255 doi:10.1080/11035894409451831 von Eckermann, Harry (1968) New contributions to the interpretation of the genesis of the Norra Kärr alkaline body in Southern Sweden. Lithos, 1 (1) 76-88 doi:10.1016/s0024-4937(68)80037-4 Fryer, B. J., Edgar, A. D. (1977) Significance of rare earth distributions in coexisting minerals of peralkaline undersaturated rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 61 (1) 35-48 doi:10.1007/bf00375944 Kramm, Ulrich, Koark, Hans J. (1988) Isotopic composition of galena lead from the Norra Kärr peralkaline complex, Sweden. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 110 (4) 311-316 doi:10.1080/11035898809452665 Oberti, R., Boiocchi, M., Hawthorne, F. C., Ball, N. A., Harlow, G. E. (2015) Eckermannite revised: The new holotype from the Jade Mine Tract, Myanmar--crystal structure, mineral data, and hints on the reasons for the rarity of eckermannite. American Mineralogist, 100 (4) 909-914 doi:10.2138/am-2015-5132 Sjöqvist, Axel S.L., Cornell, David H., Andersen, Tom, Christensson, Ulf I., Berg, Johan T. (2017) Magmatic age of rare-earth element and zirconium mineralisation at the Norra Kärr alkaline complex, southern Sweden, determined by U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope analyses of metasomatic zircon and eudialyte. Lithos, 294. 73-86 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2017.09.023 |
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Tajikistan | |
| Agakhanov, A. A., Pautov, L. A., Uvarova, Y. A., Sokolova, E. V., Hawthorne, F. C., Karpenko, V. Yu. (2005) Senkevichite, CsKNaCa2TiO[Si7O18(OH)], a new mineral. New Data on Minerals, 40. Moscow. 17-22 Agakhanov, A. A., Pautov, L. A., Karpenko, V. Yu., Bekenova, G. K., Uvarova, Y. A. (2011) Orlovite, KLi2TiSi4O11F, a new mineral of the mica group. New Data on Minerals, 46. Moscow. 13-19 Agakhanov, Atali A., Pautov, Leonid A., Sokolova, Elena, Hawthorne, Frank C., Yu Karpenko, Vladimir, Siidra, Oleg I., Muftakhov, Vyacheslav A. (2017) Odigitriaite, CsNa5Ca5[Si14B2O38]F2, a new caesium borosilicate mineral from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tajikistan: Description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (1) 113-122 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.074 Agakhanov, Atali A., Pautov, Leonid A., Sokolova, Elena, Hawthorne, Frank C., Yu Karpenko, Vladimir, Siidra, Oleg I., Garanin, Viktor K. (2017) Mendeleevite-(Nd), (Cs,□)6(□,Cs)6(□,K)6(REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,H2O,F)35, a new mineral from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tajikistan. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (1) 135-141 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.076 |
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Millington Quarry, Bernards Township, Somerset County, New Jersey, USA