Petzite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Petzite
Formula:
Ag3AuTe2
Colour:
Lead-gray to black
Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
8.7 - 9.4
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named in 1845 by Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger in honor of Karl Wilhelm Petz [1811-1873], a Hungarian pharmacist, chemist and mineral collector.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Petzite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3180
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3180:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
f5fa67cb-d619-44b6-9629-bb25ae738043
IMA Classification of Petzite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Petzite
2.BA.75
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
A : With Cu, Ag, Au
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
A : With Cu, Ag, Au
2.4.3.3
2 : SULFIDES
4 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:1
2 : SULFIDES
4 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:1
3.3.7
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
3 : Sulphides etc. of Au
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
3 : Sulphides etc. of Au
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Ptz | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Petzite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Petzite
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead-gray to black
Comment:
Commonly tarnished from bronze-yellow to sooty black; sometimes iridescent.
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN10=48 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
on {001}
on {001}
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
8.7 - 9.4 g/cm3 (Measured) 8.74 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Petzite
Anisotropism:
Anisotropism is noticeable in part
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R |
---|---|
400nm | 45.0% |
420nm | 43.7% |
440nm | 42.4% |
460nm | 41.4% |
480nm | 40.6% |
500nm | 39.9% |
520nm | 39.3% |
540nm | 38.8% |
560nm | 38.5% |
580nm | 38.3% |
600nm | 38.2% |
620nm | 38.1% |
640nm | 38.0% |
660nm | 37.8% |
680nm | 37.8% |
700nm | 37.8% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 45.0%.
Colour in reflected light:
greyish white with a pale bluish tint. Pale gray lilac, with a light-pinkish hue (Ramdohr).
Chemistry of Petzite
Mindat Formula:
Ag3AuTe2
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Hg,Cu
Crystallography of Petzite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
4 3 2 - Gyroidal
Space Group:
I41 3 2
Setting:
I41 3 2
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.385(4) Å
Unit Cell V:
1,120.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Massive, fine granular to compact and as irregular shaped blebs, to 2 mm. Distinct crystals rare.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000087 | Petzite | Frueh A J (1959) The crystallography of petzite, Ag3AuTe2 American Mineralogist 44 693-701 | 1959 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
7.31 Å | (50) |
3.66 Å | (30) |
3.27 Å | (10) |
2.99 Å | (30) |
2.77 Å | (100) |
2.59 Å | (20) |
2.44 Å | (60) |
2.32 Å | (60) |
2.21 Å | (10) |
2.12 Å | (80) |
2.03 Å | (70) |
1.89 Å | (50) |
1.835 Å | (30) |
1.683 Å | (10) |
1.565 Å | (20) |
1.532 Å | (20) |
1.499 Å | (20) |
1.469 Å | (20) |
1.440 Å | (20) |
1.403 Å | (30) |
1.316 Å | (50) |
1.296 Å | (30) |
1.276 Å | (30) |
1.205 Å | (30) |
1.175 Å | (30) |
1.146 Å | (10) |
1.132 Å | (20) |
1.119 Å | (20) |
1.106 Å | (20) |
1.093 Å | (20) |
1.070 Å | (30) |
1.048 Å | (20) |
1.008 Å | (10) |
0.990 Å | (40) |
Comments:
Botes, Romania. ICDD 12-424. See also Red Jacket mine, Wallow Mts., Baker Co., Oregon, USA (ICDD 00-044-1420).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
With other tellurides in vein-controlled gold deposits.
Type Occurrence of Petzite
Synonyms of Petzite
Other Language Names for Petzite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
67 photos of Petzite associated with Gold | Au |
42 photos of Petzite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
31 photos of Petzite associated with Coloradoite | HgTe |
22 photos of Petzite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
21 photos of Petzite associated with Calaverite | AuTe2 |
21 photos of Petzite associated with Hessite | Ag2Te |
20 photos of Petzite associated with Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
18 photos of Petzite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
15 photos of Petzite associated with Altaite | PbTe |
14 photos of Petzite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.BA. | Orileyite | (Fe,Cu)2As |
2.BA. | Alburnite | Ag8GeTe2S4 |
2.BA. | Dzierżanowskite | CaCu2S2 |
2.BA. | Makotoite | Ag12(Cu3Au)S8 |
2.BA. | Xuwenyuanite | Ag9Fe3+Te2S4 |
2.BA.05 | Chalcocite | Cu2S |
2.BA.05 | Djurleite | Cu31S16 |
2.BA.05 | Geerite | Cu8S5 |
2.BA.05 | Roxbyite | Cu9S5 |
2.BA.10 | Anilite | Cu7S4 |
2.BA.10 | Digenite | Cu9S5 |
2.BA.15 | Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
2.BA.20 | Bellidoite | Cu2Se |
2.BA.20 | Berzelianite | Cu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12) |
2.BA.25 | Athabascaite | Cu5Se4 |
2.BA.25 | Umangite | Cu3Se2 |
2.BA.30 | Rickardite | Cu7Te5 |
2.BA.30 | Weissite | Cu2-xTe |
2.BA.35 | Acanthite | Ag2S |
2.BA.35 | Spryite | Ag8(As3+0.5As5+0.5)S6 |
2.BA.40 | Mckinstryite | Ag5-xCu3+xS4 |
2.BA.40 | Stromeyerite | AgCuS |
2.BA.40d | UM2003-13-S:AgAuCu | Ag6AuCu2S5 |
2.BA.42 | Honeaite | Au3TlTe2 |
2.BA.45 | Jalpaite | Ag3CuS2 |
2.BA.45 | Kurilite | Ag8Te3Se |
2.BA.45 | Selenojalpaite | Ag3CuSe2 |
2.BA.47 | Spiridonovite | (Cu1-xAgx)2Te |
2.BA.50 | Eucairite | AgCuSe |
2.BA.50 | Wuyanzhiite | Cu2S |
2.BA.52 | Argentite | Ag2S |
2.BA.55 | Aguilarite | Ag4SeS |
2.BA.55 | Naumannite | Ag2Se |
2.BA.60 | Cervelleite | Ag4TeS |
2.BA.60 | Hessite | Ag2Te |
2.BA.60 | Chenguodaite | Ag9Fe3+Te2S4 |
2.BA.65 | Henryite | (Cu,Ag)3+xTe2 , with x ~ 0.40 |
2.BA.65 | Stützite | Ag5-xTe3, x = 0.24-0.36 |
2.BA.70 | Argyrodite | Ag8GeS6 |
2.BA.70 | Canfieldite | Ag8SnS6 |
2.BA.70 | Putzite | (Cu4.7Ag3.3)GeS6 |
2.BA.75 | Fischesserite | Ag3AuSe2 |
2.BA.75 | Penzhinite | (Ag,Cu)4Au(S,Se)4 |
2.BA.75 | Petrovskaite | AuAgS |
2.BA.75 | Uytenbogaardtite | Ag3AuS2 |
2.BA.80 | Bezsmertnovite | (Au,Ag)4Cu(Te,Pb) |
2.BA.80 | Bilibinskite | PbCu2Au3Te2 |
2.BA.80 | Bogdanovite | (Au,Te,Pb)3(Cu,Fe) |
Fluorescence of Petzite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Petzite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3180.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Petzite
Localities for Petzite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| DE BRODTKORB +1 other reference |
PUTZ +1 other reference | |
PUTZ +1 other reference | |
| DE BRODTKORB |
| DE BRODTKORB +1 other reference |
| Gallard-Esquivel et al. (2018) |
| FERNANDEZ +2 other references |
| DE BRODTKORB +2 other references |
DE BRODTKORB | |
Armenia | |
| Kovalenker et al. (1990) |
Kovalenker et al. (2006) | |
| Mederer et al. (2019) |
| Khachaturyan (1958) +1 other reference |
Mederer et al. (2019) | |
| Kukulyan (1988) |
Australia | |
| Lehrmann (2012) |
| Lawrence (2000) |
| Sahlström et al. (2017) |
| Ehrig et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| Ralph Bottrill et al in prep. +1 other reference |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Afifi et al. (1988) |
| Yunxing Xue and Ian Campbell (2014) |
| Mueller (2011) |
McCuiag (1997) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist (2003) +1 other reference |
Simpson (1948) | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Simpson et al. (1948) | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Grice et al. (1989) +1 other reference | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Mueller et al. (2019) | |
Simpson (1948) | |
| Rice et al. (2016) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Nichols et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Sung et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Grguric (2009) |
| Spaggiari et al. (2011) |
| Hassan et al. (2017) |
Hassan (2014) | |
Austria | |
| - (2019) +1 other reference |
Azerbaijan | |
| - (2005) +1 other reference |
| Mansurov et al. (2018) |
Bolivia | |
| Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental (USGS Bulletin no. 1975) |
Brazil | |
| Santos et al. (2023) |
Bulgaria | |
| Marchev +6 other references |
| Bogdanov et al. (2004) |
| Sabeva et al. (2017) |
| Bonev +4 other references |
| Georgiev (2008) |
Burkina Faso | |
| Daniel Gagnon and Marc Huot (2011) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| British Columbia Geological Survey |
| Roberts (2017) |
| Afifi et al. (1988) |
| Robert C. Smit |
| Phillips (1979) |
| Phillips (1979) +1 other reference |
| New Brunswick Mineral Occurrence Database (accessed 11/14/2022) |
| dnre-mrne.gnb.ca (2006) |
| H.A. Sandeman and H. Rafuse (2010) |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Geological Survey of Canada +1 other reference |
Dana 7:I:186. +1 other reference | |
| Ames D et al. (2014) |
| Ann P.Sabina (1991) |
MDI Number: MDI52N04SW00017 | |
| GIDDINGS et al. (1987) |
| Traill (1980) |
| Econ Geol (1987) |
| Ann P.Sabina (1991) |
| R. P Rothwell (1898) |
| Sabina (2003) |
Geological Survey of Canada +2 other references | |
Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73-30 | |
Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73-30 | |
Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73-30 | |
Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73-30 | |
| Ann P.Sabina (2003) |
| Martin +1 other reference |
| Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or +1 other reference |
Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or +1 other reference | |
| an example of a deformed et al. (6) +2 other references |
| Kirkland Lake - Rouyne-Noranda - Val ... +1 other reference |
Kirkland Lake - Rouyne-Noranda - Val ... +1 other reference | |
| Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or +1 other reference |
Sabina (2003) +1 other reference | |
Afifi et al. (1988) | |
Sabina (2003) | |
Sabina (2003) | |
| Afifi et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or +1 other reference | |
Am Min (1948) +1 other reference | |
Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or +1 other reference | |
| Edith Trybalski |
| Cabri et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
Chile | |
| "Faja de mineralización de oro +2 other references |
Henley et al. (2012) +1 other reference | |
| I.Domeyko collection +5 other references |
Samples in the I. Domeyko Museum | |
| Crespo et al. (2018) |
China | |
| Huihuang Zhang et al. (2002) |
| Weining Zhou (1994) +1 other reference |
| Cui et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Yanhe Cui et al. (1994) |
| Xinhui Liu et al. (2011) +2 other references |
| Yunhua Liu et al. (2011) |
| Wang et al. (2023) |
| Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997) +9 other references |
Gao et al. (2015) | |
Peihua Zhang et al. (2002) | |
| Jun Lü et al. (2009) +9 other references |
| Wang et al. (2020) |
| Gao et al. (2022) |
| Gao et al. (2022) |
| Junxian Wang et al. (2011) |
| Huijuan Zhu et al. (1989) +2 other references |
| Zhigang Xin (2010) |
王鹏 et al. (2016) | |
| Vikent'ev et al. (2015, June) |
| Jian et al. (2015) +2 other references |
Fengjun Nie et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
Chang et al. (2022) | |
Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1992) | |
| Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1999) +4 other references |
| Liu et al. (2019) |
preprint | |
Shuzhang Tian et al. (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Han et al. (2020) |
Lin Zhang (2001) | |
Zhao et al. (1999) | |
Zhao et al. (1999) | |
| Taomei Liu (1984) |
| Fushan Wang (1991) |
| Qiangzhi Li et al. (2003) |
Econ Geol (1994) +1 other reference | |
| Fengjun Nie et al. (2002) |
| Jianming Wang et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Minzhi Yang (2006) |
Aixiang Sun (1996) | |
Minzhi Yang (2006) | |
| Keevil et al. (2022) |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| Keevil et al. (2022) |
| Lanjing Men et al. (2010) |
| Li et al. (2019) |
| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov (2004) |
| Kai Zhang and Yongdong Shi (2000) |
| Changfu Chen et al. (1999) +3 other references |
Xuefeng Yu (2001) +1 other reference | |
Deping Zhu et al. (2001) | |
| Jianwei Li et al. (2010) |
| Wenxuan Hu et al. (2005) +3 other references |
Yuehong Deng and Fu Huang (2007) | |
| Jinhui Yang et al. (2001) |
| Zhimin Cao (1991) |
| Zheng et al. (2020) |
| Zhenghua Hu et al. (2012) |
| Shaohuai Wang (2006) +1 other reference |
| Minqing Cheng et al. (1993) |
| Guangming Li et al. (2007) |
| Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1985) +4 other references |
| Pirajno et al. (2002) |
Cuba | |
| López K Jesús M. et al. (2006) |
Czech Republic | |
| Lapis 2000 (4) |
| Lapis 2000 (4) |
Djibouti | |
| Moussa et al. (2019) |
Dominican Republic | |
| Torró et al. (2018) |
Ecuador | |
| Willson Bonilla |
| Willson Bonilla |
I. Vikentyev et al. (2005) | |
Egypt | |
| Osman A. M. |
Ethiopia | |
| A Geological Excursion To The Mesozoic Sediments Of The Abay Basin ( Blue Nile) |
Fiji | |
| Naden +1 other reference |
| 16th Australian Geological Convention +2 other references |
| Naden +5 other references |
Finland | |
| Geological Survey of Finland (2017) |
Eilu (2003) | |
Kojonen et al. (1996) | |
| Kojonen |
Geological Survey of Finland 2008. Pampalo (Ward) +1 other reference | |
| Economic Geology (1996) +1 other reference |
Georgia | |
| Ramaz Migineishvili (2005) |
Ghana | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1990 54 : 617-627 +1 other reference |
Bowell (1992) | |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2018) |
| Vavelidis et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Voudouris et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
P. Voudouris et al. (2022) | |
Voudouris et al. (2007) +1 other reference | |
| Andrew P. Fornadel et al. (2011) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
Voudouris +3 other references | |
Michael (2004) | |
| Voudouris et al. (2005) +2 other references |
| Grosche et al. (2023) |
| Tombros et al. (2004) +3 other references |
Guyana | |
| ... |
Gabriel Voicu (1999) | |
Hungary | |
| Takács et al. (2017) |
| Koch: Minerals of Hungary |
Indonesia | |
| Mulja et al. (2022) |
| Prendergast et al. (2005) |
Prendergast (2003) | |
| Yuningsih et al. (2014) |
| Yuningsih et al. (2014) |
| Kieft et al. (1973) |
Italy | |
| Fadda et al. (2005) |
Ruggieri et al. (1) | |
Ruggieri et al. (1) | |
Japan | |
| Ishibashi (1960) |
| Shimada et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| Ishibashi (1960) +2 other references |
| Yamada (2004) +1 other reference |
| 石橋正夫. (1956) +6 other references |
島倉広至 et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
| Afifi et al. (1988) |
| Ishibashi (1960) |
| Ishibashi (1960) +1 other reference |
| Macuroy et al. (2023) |
| Galena et al. (216) +2 other references |
| Maki et al. (1990) |
| Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan) +1 other reference |
Nakata et al. (2011) | |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +3 other references |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| homepage.usask.ca (2001) +1 other reference |
| Baocheng Fan et al. (2014) |
Malaysia | |
| Hassan (2008) |
Mali | |
| David M. Lawrence et al. (2013) |
Mauritania | |
| Kolb et al. (2006) +2 other references |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Lapis 2001 (1) |
Mongolia | |
| Władysław Zygo (2011) |
Myanmar | |
| Myint et al. (2022) |
Myint et al. (2022) | |
| Cho Cho Aye and Ye Myint Swe (2014) |
New Zealand | |
| Dana 6:A1:52. |
Boyle (1979) | |
Fraser (1910) | |
Nigeria | |
| www.miningdataonline.com (n.d.) |
North Macedonia | |
| Percival et al. (1994) |
| Serafimovski et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Singer et al. (2008) +2 other references |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Lindley (1998) |
| ESPI et al. (22–25 October 2006) +1 other reference |
| Cameron (2013) |
| Denwer (1993) |
Peru | |
| Alfonso et al. (2023) |
Philippines | |
| Callow et al. (1965) +2 other references |
| Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an ... |
| Tarkian et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Jillian Aira Gabo-Ratio et al. (2020) |
| Oberthür et al. (2017) |
Romania | |
| Rădulescu Dan |
| Tamas +5 other references |
| Natural History Museum London 2015 |
| Cook et al. (2003) |
| Afifi et al. (1988) |
| G. Cioflica et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
Cook et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Andrei Ionuț Apopei et al. (2016) |
Săbău et al. (2016) | |
Mineralogical Abstracts +3 other references | |
| Cristeastan et al. (2012) |
| Cristeastan et al. (2012) |
Russia | |
| Некипелова А.В. МИНЕРАЛОГИЯ И УСЛОВИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ Сu-Au-Bi-TeМИНЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ СИНЮХИНСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ (ГОРНЫЙ АЛТАЙ) |
| Vakh et al. (2016) |
| Maslennikov et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Zabotina M et al. (2014) |
| Падучина et al. (2019) |
Vikentev (2016, April) | |
Vikentyev et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
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Plotinskaya et al. (2014) | |
| Amplieva (2008) |
Maslennikov et al. (2019) | |
Vikentyev I.V. e.a. (2004) +1 other reference | |
Maslennikov et al. (2013) | |
| Nagornaya et al. (2012) |
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| www.igem.ru (2001) +1 other reference |
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Palyanova et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
| Mikhailova et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Bazai et al. (2009) |
Чернявский et al. (2013) | |
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| Kondratieva et al. (2021) |
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Saudi Arabia | |
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Serbia | |
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Slovakia | |
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| Duda et. all. |
Ďuďa R. (2001) | |
South Korea | |
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Spain | |
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Cepedal et al. (2021) | |
| C. Canet et al. |
| Castroviejo (1990) |
Castroviejo (1990) | |
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Sweden | |
| Scherbina (1941) +4 other references |
| Gavelin |
| International Geological Congress (2008) |
| Ossian Åström (2015) |
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Tajikistan | |
| Badalov et al. (1975) |
Tanzania | |
| Mnali (2001) |
UK | |
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Ukraine | |
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USA | |
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| Graeme (1993) |
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| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 109 +4 other references |
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Coogan Gold Co. specimens | |
| Dana 7:I:186 +6 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) |
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| Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference |
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Eckel et al. (1997) | |
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Eckel et al. (1997) | |
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| Eckel et al. (1997) |
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Eckel et al. (1997) | |
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Kelly et al. (1969) | |
Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference | |
Kelly et al. (1969) +1 other reference | |
Lovering et al. (1950) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Lovering et al. (1950) |
Lovering et al. (1950) | |
Kelly et al. (1969) | |
| Frank Keutsch specimen and analysis |
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Eckel et al. (1997) | |
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Eckel et al. (1997) | |
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| Econ Geol (1985) +3 other references |
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| Doebrich +3 other references |
| Econ Geol (1994) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| R&M 79:1 p44-54 |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
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Lindgren et al. (1910) | |
Crawford (1937) | |
Crawford (1937) | |
| Callahan |
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| - (2005) |
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| - (2005) |
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| USGS Prof Paper 1024 +1 other reference |
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SEM-EDS analyzed by Dr. Rob Bowell. | |
| In the collection of Alex Earl |
| Callahan |
| Lasmanis (1995) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Jones +1 other reference |
| DeMatties (1996) |
Uzbekistan | |
| Bortnikov et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Rustam Koneev et al. (2005) |
| Eleonora A. Dunin-Barkovskaya et al. (2005) |
GEOCHMISTRY +7 other references | |
Zimbabwe | |
| Afifi et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
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Bald Mountain, Sonora, Sonora Mining District, East Belt, Tuolumne County, California, USA