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Aenigmatite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About AenigmatiteHide

Formula:
Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Colour:
Velvet-black
Lustre:
Greasy
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
From the Greek αίνιγμα ("aenigma"), "a riddle", alluding to the enigmatic, uncertain chemical composition of the mineral. Named in 1865 by Breithaupt.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
33
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:33:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
4604776d-ce79-4ea5-8464-6b4c3a3c4271

IMA Classification of AenigmatiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1865
Approval history:
Approved: IMA 1967 special procedure.

Classification of AenigmatiteHide

9.DH.40

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
69.2.1a.1

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2
14.9.34

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
AenIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
AenThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of AenigmatiteHide

Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Velvet-black
Comment:
In thin section, reddish brown to black.
Streak:
Reddish brown
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{010} {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven

Optical Data of AenigmatiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.780 - 1.800 nβ = 1.800 - 1.820 nγ = 1.870 - 1.900
2V:
Measured: 27° to 55°, Calculated: 56° to 60°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.090 - 0.100
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
single
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; Z ∧ c = 45°.

Chemistry of AenigmatiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Common Impurities:
Al,Mn,Mg,Ca,K,Cl

Crystallography of AenigmatiteHide

Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.415(1) Å, b = 10.840(1) Å, c = 8.931(1) Å
α = 105.107(4)°, β = 96.610(5)°, γ = 125.398(4)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.961 : 1 : 0.824
Unit Cell V:
746.8 ų
Morphology:
Crystals, prismatic after[001], to 10 cm; as irregular segregations.
Twinning:
By rotation (011) or about [010] of
the pseudomonoclinic cell; polysynthetic.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000224AenigmatiteCannillo E, Mazzi F, Fang J H, Robinson P D, Ohya Y (1971) The crystal structure of aenigmatite sample CM American Mineralogist 56 427-44619710293
0000225AenigmatiteCannillo E, Mazzi F, Fang J H, Robinson P D, Ohya Y (1971) The crystal structure of aenigmatite sample FRO American Mineralogist 56 427-44619710293
0002100AenigmatiteGasparik T, Parise J B, Reeder R J, Young V G, Wilford W S (1999) Composition, stability, and structure of a new member of the aenigmatite group, Na2Mg4+xFe2-2xSi6+xO20, synthesized at 13-14 GPa American Mineralogist 84 257-26619990293
0002350AenigmatiteYang H, Konzett J (2000) High-pressure synthesis of Na2Mg6Si6O18(OH)2 - a new hydrous silicate phase isostructural with aenigmatite American Mineralogist 85 259-26220000293
0007269AenigmatiteGrew E S, Halenius U, Pasero M (2008) The crystal-chemistry of aenigmatite revisited: electron microprobe data, structure refinement and Mossbauer spectroscopy of aenigmatite from Vesteroya (Norway) European Journal of Mineralogy 20 983-9912008Vesteroya, Vestfold District, Norway0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
8.09 Å(very strong)
3.145 Å(very strong)
2.706 Å(strong)
2.547 Å(strong)
2.937 Å(medium strong)
2.119 Å(medium strong)
2.414 Å(medium)
Comments:
Kola Peninsula, Russia.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration4.566-4.550
6 : Secondary asteroid phases4.566-4.560
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust>4.50
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies)
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust>4.4-3.0
19 : Granitic intrusive rocks
20 : Acidic volcanic rocks
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Geological Setting:
A primary constituent in sodium-rich alkalic volcanics, pegmatites, and other silica-poor igneous rocks.

Type Occurrence of AenigmatiteHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany, 29166.
Reference:
Breithaupt, J. F. A. (1865) Mineralogische studien. 29. Kölbingit. Ainigmatit. Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung 24: 397-398

Synonyms of AenigmatiteHide

Other Language Names for AenigmatiteHide

Relationship of Aenigmatite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
KrinoviteNa2Mg4Cr3+2(Si6O18)O2Tric. 1 : P1
KuratiteCa2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18]Tric. 1 : P1
UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNaNa4(Mg5Fe3+7)O4[Si9Fe3+3O36]
WilkinsoniteNa2Fe2+4Fe3+2(Si6O18)O2Tric. 1 : P1

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
23 photos of Aenigmatite associated with AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
20 photos of Aenigmatite associated with MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
20 photos of Aenigmatite associated with EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
17 photos of Aenigmatite associated with AstrophylliteK2NaFe2+7Ti2Si8O26(OH)4F
10 photos of Aenigmatite associated with NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
7 photos of Aenigmatite associated with QuartzSiO2
5 photos of Aenigmatite associated with TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
5 photos of Aenigmatite associated with Ferro-katophorite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2
4 photos of Aenigmatite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
4 photos of Aenigmatite associated with SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.DH.Gageite-2M(Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40Mon. 2/m
9.DH.BavsiiteBa2V2O2[Si4O12]Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.DH.DevilliersiteCa4Ca2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.YuzuxiangiteSr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
9.DH.LouisfuchsiteCa2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.05LeucophaniteNaCaBeSi2O6FOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
9.DH.10OhmiliteSr3(Ti,Fe3+)(Si4O12)(O,OH) · 2-3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
9.DH.15HaradaiteSrVSi2O7Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.DH.15SuzukiiteBaVSi2O7Orth.
9.DH.20BatisiteBaNaNaTi2(Si4O12)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.DH.20Shcherbakovite(K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.DH.20NoonkanbahiteBaKNaTi2(Si4O12)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.DH.25TaikaniteSr3BaMn2+2(Si4O12)O2Mon. 2 : B2
9.DH.30KrauskopfiteBaSi2O5 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DH.35Balangeroite(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+)42Si16O54(OH)40Mon. 2/m
9.DH.35GageiteMn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20Mon. 2/m
9.DH.40DorriteCa4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Si3Al8Fe3+O36)Tric.
9.DH.40HøgtuvaiteCa4[Fe2+6Fe3+6]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40KrinoviteNa2Mg4Cr3+2(Si6O18)O2Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40Makarochkinite(Ca,Na)4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40WelshiteCa4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40WilkinsoniteNa2Fe2+4Fe3+2(Si6O18)O2Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40LeucorhöniteCa2(Mg,Fe3+,Al)6(Si,Al)6O20Tric.
9.DH.40KuratiteCa2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40KhesiniteCa4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Fe3+9Si3)O36Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNaNa4(Mg5Fe3+7)O4[Si9Fe3+3O36]
9.DH.45SapphirineMg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DH.50Khmaralite(Mg,Al,Fe)16[(Al,Si,Be)12O36]O4Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DH.55Surinamite(Mg,Fe)3Al4BeSi3O16Mon. 2/m
9.DH.55UM1988-26-SiO:AlMgMg4Al2O[Si3Al2O15]
9.DH.60Deerite(Fe,Mn)6(Fe,Al)3[Si6O17]O3(OH)5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DH.65HowieiteNa(Fe,Mn)10(Fe,Al)2Si12O31(OH)13Tric.
9.DH.65Taneyamalite(Na,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe)12Si12(O,OH)44Tric.
9.DH.70JohninnesiteNa2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2Tric.
9.DH.75AgrelliteNaCa2Si4O10FTric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Aenigmatite in petrologyHide

Internet Links for AenigmatiteHide

References for AenigmatiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for AenigmatiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria
 
  • Tamanrasset Province (Tamanghasset Province)
apports des donnees radiometriques (K/Ar) +6 other references
Angola
 
  • Bié Province
Andrade (note preliminaire) +1 other reference
  • Cuanza Sul Province
Andrade (note preliminaire) +1 other reference
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Queen Maud Land
Harris et al. (2002)
Harris et al. (1993)
    • Victoria Land
Smith (1959)
Proceedings of the VII International ... +1 other reference
Harrington et al. (1967) +1 other reference
Müller et al. (1991)
Kyle (1990)
Proceedings of the VII International ... +1 other reference
Martin et al. (2013)
Martin et al. (2010)
  • Western Antarctica
    • Marie Byrd Land
      • Ames Range
Rowley et al. (1990)
      • Executive Committee Range
LeMasurier (1990)
Woolley (2019)
LeMasurier (1990)
Woolley (2019)
Woolley (2019)
      • Flood Range
LeMasurier (1990)
LeMasurier (1990)
LeMasurier (1990)
Adie (Ed.)
      • McCuddin Mountains
        • Mount Flint
LeMasurier (1990)
LeMasurier (1990) +2 other references
Australia
 
Cundari (1973) +3 other references
  • New South Wales
    • Ashburnham Co.
Wellman et al. (1974) +1 other reference
    • Macquarie Co.
      • Port Macquarie
Knutson +4 other references
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +8 other references
    • Rous Co.
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +3 other references
    • Wallace Co.
Mackenzie et al. (1970)
Wellman et al. (1974) +3 other references
  • Queensland
    • Central Highlands Region
      • Capella
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +3 other references
    • Sunshine Coast Region
Stevens +3 other references
Bryan et al. (1973) +3 other references
Bryan et al. (1973) +3 other references
  • Tasmania
    • Central Highlands municipality
      • Interlaken
Bottrill et al. (2008)
    • Huon Valley municipality
      • Huon-Channel region
Taheri
  • Victoria
    • Macedon Ranges Shire
Edwards (1938) +6 other references
Belarus
 
  • Mogilev Region
    • Babruysk District
Levitskiy et al. (2018, July)
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
Guarino et al. (2021)
  • Paraná
    • Tijucas do Sul
      • Morro Redondo complex
Vilalva et al. (2010)
  • Rio de Janeiro
    • Itatiaia
Rosa et al. (2018)
  • São Paulo
    • Ilhabela
      • Búzios island
de Barros Gomes et al. (2017)
Cameroon
 
  • Adamawa Region
    • Mayo-Banyo
      • Tikar plain
Koch (E41) +1 other reference
  • Far North Region
Lasserre (1978)
  • North Region
    • Bénoué
      • Ngong
November 2001 +4 other references
  • Northwest Region
Marzoli et al. (Africa) +8 other references
  • Southwest Region
Marzoli et al. (Africa) +12 other references
    • Fako
      • Buea
doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800064128 +18 other references
Jérémine (1941) +6 other references
Jérémine (1943) +2 other references
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Liard Mining Division
Ostinsoe
Yagi et al. (1974)
  • New Brunswick
    • Queens Co.
Martin et al. (1988)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Labrador
Miller (1988) +1 other reference
Curtis et al. (1977) +1 other reference
      • Seal Lake alkaline complex (Letitia Lake)
GSC database locality No. 4100 +1 other reference
GSC database +1 other reference
    • Newfoundland
      • Baie Verte Peninsula
        • King's Point
Miller et al. (1995)
  • Northwest Territories
    • Blachford Lake alkaline complex
SHEARD et al. (2012)
    • North Slave Region
      • Blachford Lake alkaline complex
        • Thor Lake syenite complex
Sheard (2010) +1 other reference
  • Ontario
    • Thunder Bay District
Mitchell (1991)
      • Pic Township
Sabina (1991)
  • Québec
    • Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine
      • La Haute-Gaspésie RCM
Wallace et al. (1990) +1 other reference
    • Montérégie
      • La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
Canadian Micro Mineral Association (CMMA)
    • Montréal
      • Mont Royal
Finley (1930)
Currie (1985) +2 other references
  • Yukon
    • Watson Lake mining district
Geol
China
 
  • Hebei
    • Chengde
      • Chengde County
Zhang et al. (2012)
  • Sichuan
    • Liangshan Yi
      • Mianning County
Orris et al. (2002)
      • Xichang County
Shellnutt et al. (2010) +1 other reference
    • Panzhihua
      • Dong District
Zhang et al. (Eds.) +6 other references
Denmark
 
Pedersen et al. (1975) +1 other reference
Djibouti
 
  • Tadjourah Region
Richard +3 other references
DR Congo
 
  • South Kivu
    • Kabare Territory
Kanika et al. (1981) +3 other references
    • Kalehe Territory
implications sur l'évolution magmatique et structurale. Geologische Rundschau (1) +7 other references
Egypt
 
  • Aswan Governorate
Hashad et al. (1979) +1 other reference
  • Red Sea Governorate
Stern et al. (1985) +3 other references
Ethiopia
 
  • Afar Region
    • Fanti Rasu
Barberi et al. (Ethiopia) +3 other references
    • Kilbet Rasu
Barberi et al. (Ethiopia) +4 other references
  • Oromia Region
    • Arsi Zone
Dakin et al. (1971) +2 other references
Di Paola (between 7º00' and 8º40' lat.north) +3 other references
Di Paola (1976)
Di Paola (between 7º00' and 8º40' lat.north) +3 other references
    • Bale Zone
Mohr (1962) +1 other reference
    • East Shewa Zone
Brotzu et al. (Main Ethiopian Rift) +3 other references
      • Corbetti Volcanic Complex
Mohr (1966) +2 other references
Gibson +6 other references
Mohr (1962) +1 other reference
    • Jimma Zone
Pagliani (1940)
    • West Shewa Zone
Comucci (Africa orientale) +4 other references
    • West Welega Zone
Mohr (1962) +2 other references
Gaeta et al. (1991) +1 other reference
Federated States of Micronesia
 
the evolution of a young hot spot trace across old Pacific Ocean crust. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (1) +2 other references
Finland
 
  • Kainuu
    • Kajaani
Lindholm et al. (toim.)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Haute-Loire
      • Le Puy-en-Velay
Brousse +15 other references
  • French Polynesia
    • Austral Islands
      • Bass Islands
Chubb (1927) +6 other references
Brousse et al. (1980) +8 other references
    • Marquesas Islands
Lacroix A. (1931) +3 other references
    • Society Islands
      • Leeward Islands
LEGENDRE et al. (2003)
    • Tuamotu-Gambier (Tuamotu and Gambier Islands)
      • Tuamotu Archipelago (Tuamotus)
I et al. (5) +6 other references
  • French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Nougier (1972) +21 other references
  • Réunion
aspects petrologiques. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (5) +5 other references
Greenland
 
  • Kujalleq
    • Igaliku
      • Narsaarsuk Plateau
Bøggild (1953) +1 other reference
Petersen (2001) +1 other reference
Clark (1993) +1 other reference
Larsen (1977)
Otter (2023)
Soerensen (1962)
      • Tunulliarfik Fjord
Bøggild (1953) +1 other reference
Bøggild (1953) +1 other reference
Roda Robles et al. (2001)
    • Nunarsuit Island
www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
Marks et al. (2003)
  • Sermersooq
Woolley (1987)
    • Kialineq Bay
www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
Hungary
 
  • Baranya County
    • Komló District
      • Szászvár
Mineral Species of Hungary
Harangi et al. (1993) +4 other references
Iceland
 
  • Southern Region
    • Rangárþing eystra
Jørgensen (1980) +1 other reference
    • Vestmannaeyjar
Jakobsson (1979)
India
 
  • Andhra Pradesh
    • Prakasam District
Leelanandam et al. (1980) +4 other references
Madhavan et al. (1981) +5 other references
  • Rajasthan
    • Jodhpur Division
      • Barmer District
Bhushan +6 other references
Mondal et al. (2021)
Italy
 
  • Campania
    • Naples
Melluso et al. (2014)
  • Sardinia
    • South Sardinia Province
Araña et al. (1974)
  • Sicily
    • Trapani Province
Foerstner H. (1881) +15 other references
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +2 other references
  • Umbria
    • Terni Province
      • San Venanzo
Stoppa et al. (1997)
Japan
 
  • Aichi Prefecture
    • Kitashitara County
The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed)
    • Shinshiro city
Kuno (1960) +1 other reference
  • Shimane Prefecture
    • Oki District
      • Okinoshima
        • Oki Islands
The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) +6 other references
Kenya
 
Hackmann +3 other references
  • Baringo County
Ridolfi et al. (2006)
Hackmann +3 other references
Webb +2 other references
Sanders (1963) +1 other reference
Truckle (Scale 1:125000) +2 other references
  • Kajiado County
Baker (1958) +2 other references
Baker (1958) +5 other references
Nash et al. (1969) +7 other references
Matheson (1966) +2 other references
Baker (1958) +2 other references
Baker (1958) +2 other references
Baker et al. (1988) +1 other reference
  • Kitui County
Dodson (1953) +4 other references
  • Machakos County
Fairburn (1963) +1 other reference
  • Marsabit County
Rix (1973) +4 other references
Baker (1963) +13 other references
Ministry of Energy and Regional ... +4 other references
  • Meru County
Baker (1967) +1 other reference
Williams (1966) +6 other references
  • Nairobi County
Saggerson (1991)
  • Nakuru County
Macdonald +2 other references
Davies et al. (1987) +9 other references
Scott (1980) +4 other references
McCall (1967) +6 other references
Jennings (1971)
Thompson et al. (1963) +5 other references
McCall (1967)
  • Nandi County
Schoeman (1949) +1 other reference
  • Narok County
Williams (1991)
Shackleton (1946) +2 other references
  • Nyeri County
Shackleton (1945) +1 other reference
  • Samburu County
Hackman et al. (1989)
Shotton et al. (1974) +5 other references
  • Turkana County
Smith (1938) +4 other references
Webb +1 other reference
Mason et al. (1957) +1 other reference
Key (1987)
Key (1987)
Shackleton (1946) +4 other references
Weaver et al. (1972) +1 other reference
Smith (1938) +3 other references
Smith (1938) +1 other reference
Libya
 
  • Jabal al Gharbi District
Piccoli (1970) +6 other references
Lustrino et al. (2012)
Madagascar
 
James +8 other references
  • Bongolava
    • Tsiroanomandidy District
      • Ambatolampy Commune
Mukosi (2012)
  • Diana
    • Ambanja
      • Anorotsangana
Lacroix (1922) +2 other references
      • Antsirabe
Lacroix (1922) +1 other reference
Behier (1963)
Lacroix (1922) +5 other references
    • Nosy Be
Lacroix (1922) +2 other references
  • Sofia
    • Befandriana Nord District
Lacroix (1923) +2 other references
Malawi
 
  • Southern Region
    • Chikwawa
Garson
    • Mangochi
Garson
    • Mulanje
pdfs.semanticscholar.org (n.d.) +5 other references
Woolley (2001)
    • Phalombe
Garson et al. (1969)
Garson (1963) +1 other reference
Bloomfield (Compiler) +6 other references
Mali
 
  • Kidal Region
    • Kidal Cercle
Black et al. (1979) +2 other references
    • Tessalit Cercle
J.F. Sauvage (pers. comm. 1985) +1 other reference
Ba et al. (1985) +1 other reference
Mauritius
 
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Pueblito de Allende
Brearley et al. (1998)
  • Colima
    • Manzanillo Municipality
      • Revillagigedo Islands
Richards (1966)
doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.9.1137 +3 other references
Mongolia
 
  • Govi-Altai Province
    • Altai District
Sokol (2007) +1 other reference
  • Khovd Province
    • Myangad District
G.M. Tsareva data
Kempe et al. (2015)
        • Mount Ulyn Khuren
Kartashov P.M. et al. (Mongolian Altai)
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
      • Khalzan Buregte
Kempe et al. (2015)
Morocco
 
  • Souss-Massa Region
    • Taroudant Province
      • Taliouine Cercle
        • Askaouen Caïdat
Choubert et al. (pontien) +4 other references
Mozambique
 
  • Sofala Province
    • Gorongosa District
Teale et al. (1923)
    • Maringué District
Teale et al. (1923)
  • Tete Province
    • Dôa District
Hunting Geology & Geophysics Ltd . ... +8 other references
Namibia
 
  • Khomas Region
    • Windhoek Rural
      • Aris
... +1 other reference
  • ǁKaras Region
    • ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency
Verwoerd (1967) +3 other references
Kaiser (Ed.) +4 other references
New Zealand
 
Railton et al. (1990)
  • Bay of Plenty Region
Osborne Hutton (1956) +6 other references
NZJGG
NZJGG
NZJGG
  • Canterbury Region
    • Christchurch City
Sewell +7 other references
  • New Zealand Outlying Islands
    • Campbell Island group
Railton et al. (1990)
  • Otago Region
Railton et al. (1990)
      • East Otago Volcanic Province
Turner et al. (1960) +7 other references
Mineralogical Society of America - ...
  • West Coast Region
    • Grey District
Tulloch et al. (1990) +2 other references
Niger
 
  • Agadez
    • Aïr Mountains
      • South Aïr
J. Fabriès and G. Rocci
    • Tchirozerine
consequences. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (6) +4 other references
Black +3 other references
  • Diffa
    • Maïné-Soroa
Garde
  • Zinder
Black (1963) +2 other references
Black (1963) +2 other references
Nigeria
 
  • Bauchi
    • Shira
Bennett et al. (1984) +3 other references
  • Jigawa
    • Dutse
Bennett et al. (1984) +1 other reference
  • Katsina
    • Zango
a link between the Younger Granite districts of Nigeria and S Niger. Journal of the Geological Society (1) +2 other references
  • Yobe
    • Machina
Turner +1 other reference
North Korea
 
  • Kangwon Province
    • Pyonggang County
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
  • Ryanggang Province
    • Samjiyon City
      • Paektu Mountain
Suzuki (1938)
Norway
 
  • Buskerud
    • Øvre Eiker
      • Hamre
Dietrich et al. (1965)
  • Telemark
    • Porsgrunn
      • Auenlandet
        • Sagåsen
Larsen et al. (2010)
Andersen et al. (1996) +1 other reference
  • Vestfold
    • Larvik
      • Stavern (Fredriksvärn)
        • Jahren pegmatite
Andresen et al. (2018)
Åsheim (1994)
    • Sandefjord
Larsen et al. (2010)
      • Østerøya
Berge (n.d.)
Grew et al. (2008)
        • Auve
Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)
Åsheim et al. (2008) +1 other reference
        • Framnes
Larsen et al. (2010)
Berge et al. (2002)
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 1833 +1 other reference
Berge (n.d.) +1 other reference
Berge et al. (2002) +1 other reference
Larsen et al. (2010)
Berge et al. (2002)
Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)
Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)
Åsheim et al. (2008)
Raade et al. (1980) +1 other reference
Papua New Guinea
 
  • Milne Bay Province
Smith (1976) +1 other reference
Paraguay
 
  • Alto Paraguay Department
Comin-Chiaramonti et al. (2016)
Portugal
 
  • Azores
Abdel-Monem et al. (1975) +11 other references
Ridolfi et al. (Sao Miguel, Azores Islands)
      • Ribeira Grande
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
      • Vila Franca do Campo
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
Weston (1964) +6 other references
      • Angra do Heroísmo
Jeffery et al. (2016)
  • Madeira
    • Madeira Island
      • Machico
        • Porto da Cruz
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
  • Portalegre
    • Monforte
Assunção et al. (gnaisses hastingsíticos) +4 other references
Romania
 
  • Harghita County
Hirtopanu (2006)
Russia
 
  • Irkutsk Oblast
    • Lake Baikal area
Starikova et al. (2017)
  • Murmansk Oblast
David Zakharov specimen +1 other reference
    • Kandalakshsky District
Akimenko et al. (2014, September)
    • Khibiny Massif
[World of Stones 95:5-6
        • Astrophyllite Stream
Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
Azarova et al. (2009)
Konopleva et al. (2008) +1 other reference
      • Koashva Mt
Konopleva et al. (2008)
Pekov et al. (2004)
Konopleva et al. (2008)
Takai et al. (2011)
Konopleva et al. (2008)
Am Min 79:1011 +1 other reference
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
Konopleva et al. (2008)
Konopleva et al. (2008)
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Pavel Kartasov photo +1 other reference
Konopleva et al. (2008)
    • Lovozersky District
      • Keivy Mountains
Zozulya et al. (2022)
[World of Stones 95:5-6
Arzamastseva et al. (1999) +1 other reference
  • Sakha
    • Oymyakonsky District
Litasov et al. (2017) +1 other reference
  • Sakhalin Oblast
    • Sakhalin Island
      • Morotu (Morotsu; Morutu)
Grapes et al. (1979)
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
 
Bell +20 other references
C. Harris et al. (1982)
Mineralogical Magazine (1952)
Baker et al. (1967) +6 other references
Saudi Arabia
 
  • Ha'il Region
du Bray +3 other references
Quick (1983) +1 other reference
  • Medina Region
    • Ithnayn and Kura Lava Fields
Baker et al. (1973) +1 other reference
Pellaton et al. (and Explanatory Notes) +1 other reference
  • Tabuk Region
Harris et al. (1980) +1 other reference
Seychelles
 
Baker +1 other reference
South Africa
 
  • North West
    • Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
      • Moses Kotane Local Municipality
Wooley (2001)
          • Ledig village area
Dal Bo et al. (2024)
South Korea
 
  • North Gyeongsang Province
    • Ulleung County
Kim +7 other references
Spain
 
  • Galicia
    • A Coruña
Capdevila et al. (1974)
Tanzania
 
  • Arusha Region
    • Monduli District
Journal of Conference Abstracts
    • Ngorongoro District
Zaitsev A.N. et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Turkey
 
  • Bitlis Province
    • Ahlat District
Pearce et al. (1990) +9 other references
UK
 
Tindle (2008)
    • North Ayrshire
      • Beith
Day (1999)
    • South Ayrshire
Harrison et al. (1987) +1 other reference
Ukraine
 
  • Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
    • Synelnykove Raion
  • Donetsk Oblast
    • Azov Sea Region
      • Oktyabr'skii Massif
Dubyna O.V. et al. (2020)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Coconino County
      • San Franciscan volcanic field (San Francisco Peaks; San Francisco Mts)
        • San Francisco Mountain
Robinson (1913)
azminerals.com
      • Navajo volcanic field
Laughlin et al. (1986) +1 other reference
  • Arkansas
    • Pulaski County
      • Little Rock
Smith (1988) +1 other reference
Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
  • California
    • Sonoma County
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 473. +2 other references
Murdoch et al. (1966)
Murdoch et al. (1966)
  • Colorado
    • El Paso County
Livingston (2020)
  • Hawaii
    • Maui County
      • Maui Island
Velde (1978)
  • Idaho
    • Owyhee County
      • De Lamar Mining District
Mineralogical Record
  • Maine
    • York County
Toulmin
      • York
King et al. (1994)
  • Massachusetts
    • Essex County
Gleba (2008)
Gleba (2008)
    • Norfolk County
Sayer (1974)
  • Nevada
    • Humboldt County
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Nye County
MacDonald et al. (2019)
  • New Mexico
    • Otero County
      • Cornudas Mountains
USGS Open-File Report 02-189
  • Texas
    • Hudspeth County
      • Corudas Mountains
Smith (2016)
Smith (2016)
    • Jeff Davis County
      • Davis Mountains
Smith (2016)
  • Washington
    • Okanogan County
      • Golden Horn Batholith
Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8 +1 other reference
Yemen
 
  • Aden Governorate
Cox et al. (1969) +2 other references
Manasse (1908) +3 other references
  • Hadhramaut Governorate
Zolensky et al. (2003)
  • Lahij Governorate
Gass et al. (1968) +1 other reference
 
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