Quenstedtite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Quenstedtite
Formula:
Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O
Colour:
White to very pale violet to red-violet; colorless to pale rose in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Silky
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.11 - 2.15
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named in 1888 by Gottlob Eduard Linck in honor of Friedrich August von Quenstedt [July 10, 1809 Eisleben, Saxony, Germany – December 21, 1889], professor of mineralogy and geology at Eberhard Karls Universität in Tübingen. Quenstedt was also noted for his paleontological research (ammonites and pterodactyls) and a fossil turtle, Proganochelys quenstedti, is named for him as well as five genera of other extinct species (2 coenlenterates, 1 ammonite, 1 mollusc, and 1 crinoid).
Type Locality:
Straight fibrous to columnar crystals with a bright luster and fibrous appearance
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3341
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3341:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
5f7ae427-0d96-4bf1-b761-c9ffbb84be3f
IMA Classification of Quenstedtite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe3+2(SO4)3 · 11H2O
First published:
1888
Classification of Quenstedtite
7.CB.65
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.8.5.1
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
8 : A2(XO4)3·H2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
8 : A2(XO4)3·H2O
25.10.11
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Qst | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Quenstedtite
Sub-Vitreous, Silky
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
White to very pale violet to red-violet; colorless to pale rose in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {010}
Good on {100}
Perfect on {010}
Good on {100}
Fracture:
Fibrous
Density:
2.11 - 2.15 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.14 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Quenstedtite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.547 nβ = 1.566 nγ = 1.594
2V:
Measured: 70° , Calculated: 82°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.047
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
Strong r
Optical Extinction:
X(–43°,45°); Y(128°,43°); Z(–138°,88°) with c(0°,0°) and b*(0°,90°) using (φ,ρ).
Chemistry of Quenstedtite
Mindat Formula:
Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Quenstedtite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.184(5) Å, b = 23.6(2) Å, c = 6.539(5) Å
α = 94.18(8)°, β = 101.73(8)°, γ = 96.27(8)°
α = 94.18(8)°, β = 101.73(8)°, γ = 96.27(8)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.262 : 1 : 0.277
Unit Cell V:
924.35 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Aggregates of minute crystals, tabular {010}, or short prismatic [100], highly modified at times.
Twinning:
Common on {010}.
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000409 | Quenstedtite | Thomas J N, Robinson P D, Fang J H (1974) Crystal structures and mineral chemistry of hydrated ferric sulfates. IV. The crystal structure of quenstedtite American Mineralogist 59 582-586 | 1974 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.08 Å | (very very strong) |
5.78 Å | (very strong) |
4.19 Å | (very strong) |
3.80 Å | (strong) |
5.03 Å | (moderately strong) |
5.57 Å | (moderately weak) |
5.34 Å | (moderately weak) |
Comments:
Tierra Amarilla, Chile. The data are from Cesbron (1964).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] |
Geological Setting:
Oxidized zone of pyrite rich orebodies, especially in arid climates.
Type Occurrence of Quenstedtite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Small reddish-violet gypsum-like tablets up to 5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide and 1 mm thick.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Sulfate deposit. Oxidized zone of a pyrite-rich deposit in a desert.
Other Language Names for Quenstedtite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
7.CB.15 | Aplowite | (Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Ilesite | (Mn,Zn,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.25 | Bianchite | Zn(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | FeSO4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.35 | Bieberite | CoSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Boothite | CuSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Mallardite | MnSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | (Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu)(SO4) · 7H2O |
7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | 3CdSO4 · 8H2O |
7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
7.CB.57 | Caichengyunite | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | (Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | (Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Easily soluble in water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Quenstedtite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3341.html
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References for Quenstedtite
Reference List:
Ungemach, Henri (1935) Sur certains minéraux sulfatés du Chili. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 58 (3) 97-221 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1935.4369
Bandy, Mark C. (1938) Mineralogy of three sulphate deposits of northern Chile. American Mineralogist, 23 (11) 669-760
Localities for Quenstedtite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Morello et al. (2016) |
Canada | |
| Gomi (2001) |
Chile | |
| Färber (n.d.) |
identified by Gerhard Möhn et al. (unlike Coquimbite) | |
| Kampf +5 other references |
| Natural History Museum Vienna collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD on Arturo Molina material) |
| Neues Jahrb.Min. (1888) +2 other references |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 +2 other references |
Greece | |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference |
Branko Rieck collection | |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Hans van Zelfeld |
Japan | |
| Miura et al. (1994) |
Romania | |
| Ed.:Szakáll S.-Kristály ... |
Slovakia | |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
USA | |
| part 2 +5 other references |
| Yale Peabody Museum |
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Slag dumps, Richelsdorf Smelter, Süß, Nentershausen, Hersfeld-Rotenburg, Kassel Region, Hesse, Germany