Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Armalcolite

A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About ArmalcoliteHide

04417480014946665354255.jpg
Armstong, Aldrin & Collins
Formula:
(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
Colour:
Grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
4.94
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in 1970 by A. T. Andersen, T. E. Bunch, Eugene N. Cameron, S. E. Haggery, F. R. Boyd, O. B. James, K. Keil, Marun Prinz, Paul Ramdohr, and A. El Goresy. This name is in honor of the first three astronauts who traveled to Earth's Moon. The name is an acronym derived from the last names of Neil Alden ARMstrong (b. 1930, d. 2012), Edwin Eugene ALdrin (b. 1930) and Michael COLlins (b. 1930), the Apollo 11 astronauts who collected the type samples.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
341
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:341:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
b4349252-d46f-4b44-a7ef-ea886651fb02

IMA Classification of ArmalcoliteHide

Classification of ArmalcoliteHide

4.CB.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
7.7.1.2

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
7 : AB2X5
7.9.21

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
ArmIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
ArmWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371

Physical Properties of ArmalcoliteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Grey
Hardness:
Density:
4.94 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.64 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ArmalcoliteHide

Type:
Biaxial
Anisotropism:
Strong, pale grey to dark bluish gray
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
450 nm14.1% 15.2%
470 nm14.0% 15.0%
500 nm13.8% 14.7%
520 nm13.7% 14.5%
546 nm13.4% 14.4%
586 nm13.3% 14.3%
620 nm13.2% 14.2%
640 nm13.0% 14.1%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 15.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Grey to tan
Pleochroism:
Visible

Chemistry of ArmalcoliteHide

Mindat Formula:
(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5

Crystallography of ArmalcoliteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.743 Å, b = 10.023 Å, c = 3.738 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.972 : 1 : 0.373
Unit Cell V:
365.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
Space Group: Bbmm

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File    Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000590ArmalcoliteWechsler B A (1977) Cation distribution and high-temperature crystal chemistry of armalcolite American Mineralogist 62 913-92019770297
0000591ArmalcoliteWechsler B A (1977) Cation distribution and high-temperature crystal chemistry of armalcolite American Mineralogist 62 913-92019770297
0000592ArmalcoliteWechsler B A (1977) Cation distribution and high-temperature crystal chemistry of armalcolite American Mineralogist 62 913-920197701373
0000593ArmalcoliteWechsler B A (1977) Cation distribution and high-temperature crystal chemistry of armalcolite American Mineralogist 62 913-92019770297
0000594ArmalcoliteWechsler B A (1977) Cation distribution and high-temperature crystal chemistry of armalcolite American Mineralogist 62 913-92019770673
0009835ArmalcoliteWechsler B A, Von Dreele R B (1989) Structure refinements of Mg2TiO4, MgTiO3 and MgTi2O5 by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction Acta Crystallographica B45 542-5491989synthetic0293
0009836ArmalcoliteWechsler B A, Von Dreele R B (1989) Structure refinements of Mg2TiO4, MgTiO3 and MgTi2O5 by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction Acta Crystallographica B45 542-5491989synthetic0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.468 Å(100)
1.958 Å(80)
2.763 Å(25)
2.454 Å(25)
2.235 Å(15)
2.199 Å(15)
2.414 Å(10)
Comments:
Recorded on type material

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 1: Primary nebular phases4.567-4.561
4 : Primary chondrule phases4.566–4.561
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust>4.50
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks
Near-surface Processes
30 : Terrestrial impact minerals
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
41 : Mantle metasomatism
Geological Setting:
in salic volcanics; in ultramafic rocks, lamproites and kimberlites; in terrestrial impact craters; in inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites; rarely in granite pegmatites

Type Occurrence of ArmalcoliteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
subhedral to anhedral grains to 300 µm across
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Lunar Science Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
Geological Setting of Type Material:
in Ti-rich basalt and microbreccias of lunar samples, formed at low pressures and high temperatures
Reference:
Anderson, A.T., Bunch, T.E, Cameron, E.N, Haggerty, S.E., Boyd, F.R., Finger, L.W., James, O.B., Keil, K., Prinz, M., Ramdohr, P., El Goresy, A. (1970) Armalcolite, a new mineral from the Apollo 11 samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 34: Supplement 1: 55-63.

Other Language Names for ArmalcoliteHide

Relationship of Armalcolite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
FerropseudobrookiteFe2+Ti2O5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
GriffiniteAl2TiO5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
SassiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Armalcolite associated with TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
2 photos of Armalcolite associated with SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
1 photo of Armalcolite associated with PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.CB.Ferrohögbomite-2N2S[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.Magnesiohögbomite-6N12SMg5Al11TiO23(OH)Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.Zhenruite(MoO3)2 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
4.CB.Pengite(Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.VirgilluethiteMoO3 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.05BrizziiteNaSb5+O3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05CorundumAl2O3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05Ecandrewsite(Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05EskolaiteCr2O3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05GeikieliteMgTiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05HematiteFe2O3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05IlmeniteFe2+TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05KarelianiteV3+2O3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05MelanostibiteMn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05Akimotoite(Mg,Fe2+)SiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05AuroantimonateAuSbO3
4.CB.05UM1998-11-O-AuHSbAu+2Sb3+O2(OH)
4.CB.05TistariteTi3+2O3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide)FeCrO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05Hemleyite(Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.10AvicenniteTl2O3Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3
4.CB.10Bixbyite-(Mn)Mn3+2O3Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3
4.CB.10Bixbyite-(Fe)(Fe,Mn)2O3Iso.
4.CB.15SassiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.CB.15FerropseudobrookiteFe2+Ti2O5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15GriffiniteAl2TiO5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15Pseudobrookite Group
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S[(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S[(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S[(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S[(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S[(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Ferrohögbomite-6N12S[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S(Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)sum=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S(Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 Trig. 3m : P3m1
4.CB.20Zincovelesite-6N6SZn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH)Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
4.CB.25PseudorutileFe2Ti3O9Hex. 6 2 2 : P63 2 2
4.CB.25KleberiteFeTi6O11(OH)5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.30BerdesinskiiteV3+2TiO5Mon.
4.CB.30OxyvaniteV3+2V4+O5Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.30KaitianiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35Olkhonskite(Cr,V)2Ti3O9Mon.
4.CB.35SchreyeriteV3+2Ti3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35MachiiteAl2Ti3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35Vestaite(Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.40KamiokiteFe2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40NolaniteV3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40RinmaniteZn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2Hex. 6 : P63
4.CB.40IseiteMn2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40MajindeiteMg2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.45ClaudetiteAs2O3Mon. 2/m
4.CB.45StibioclaudetiteAsSbO3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
4.CB.50ArsenoliteAs2O3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.50SenarmontiteSb2O3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.55ValentiniteSb2O3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pccn
4.CB.60BismiteBi2O3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.65SphaerobismoiteBi2O3Tet.
4.CB.70SilléniteBi12SiO20Iso. 2 3 : I2 3
4.CB.75KyzylkumiteV3+Ti2O5(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.80TietaiyangiteFe3+4Fe2+TiO9Hex.
4.CB.85LiuiteFeTiO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CB.90LuogufengiteFe2O3Orth. mm2 : Pna21
4.CB.95WangdaodeiteFeTiO3Trig. 3m : R3c

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Armalcolite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Internet Links for ArmalcoliteHide

References for ArmalcoliteHide

Reference List:

Localities for ArmalcoliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Victoria Land
      • Allan Hills
Makoto Kimura & Ahmed El Goresy (1989)
Argentina
 
  • Santa Cruz Province
    • Río Chico Department
Tassara et al. (2017)
Australia
 
  • Queensland
    • Western Downs Region
      • Moonie
Ikeda et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Austria
 
  • Styria
    • Südoststeiermark District
      • Klöch
Taucher et al. (1998)
Brazil
 
  • Pernambuco
    • Fernando de Noronha archipelago
Kogarko et al. (2001)
Canada
 
  • Nunavut
    • Coppermine River area
Roach et al. (1998)
China
 
  • Shaanxi
    • Hanzhong
      • Ningqiang County
Lin et al. (1996)
Czech Republic
 
  • Liberec Region
Kühn +5 other references
France
 
  • French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. et al. (1995) +1 other reference
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Upper Bavaria
      • Traunstein District
Neumair et al. (2016)
J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Pellenz
        • Nickenich
Schäfer (2021)
Greenland
 
  • Qeqertalik
J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
Pedersen (1979)
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Pueblito de Allende
Brearley et al. (1998)
  • San Luis Potosí
J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
Mongolia
 
  • Khovd Province
    • Myangad District
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Oman
 
  • Dhofar Governorate
Meteoritical Bulletin No. 86
Russell et al. (2003)
The Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2004)
Romania
 
  • Timiș
    • Gătaia
Seghedi I. (SW Romania)
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
Cesnokov et al. (1998)
    • Korkinsky District
Sharygin et al. (2010)
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
      • Taimyr Peninsula
        • Khatanga
          • Malaya Romanikha River
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Oymyakonsky District
Litasov et al. (2017) +1 other reference
6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 ...
Serbia
 
  • Central Serbia
    • Pčinja District
      • Preševo
Kostić +3 other references
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Banská Bystrica District
      • Brusno
Uher
South Africa
 
  • Free State
    • Xhariep District Municipality
      • Kopanong Local Municipality
        • Jagersfontein
Cairncross et al. (1995)
  • Limpopo
    • Waterberg District Municipality
      • Mogalakwena Local Municipality
        • Mogalakwena
          • Mokopane
MCDONALD I. (2005)
  • Northern Cape
    • Frances Baard District Municipality
      • Sol Plaatje Local Municipality
        • Kimberley
          • KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine)
J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Granada
      • Colomera
Prinz et al. (1983, March)
  • Castile-La Mancha
    • Albacete
      • Hellín
Venturelli et al. (1984) +2 other references
E. Salvioli-mariani et al.
  • Catalonia
    • Lleida
      • El Pallars Jussà
        • Tremp
          • Casterner de les Olles
Joan Rosell
Joan Rosell SEM-EDS analysis
  • Murcia
J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
USA
 
  • Montana
    • Garfield County
Velde (1975) +1 other reference
  • Texas
    • Uvalde County
      • Knippa
Smith (1991)
  • Utah
    • Piute County
Mineralogical Magazine 1998 62 : 265-269
  • Washington
    • Skamania County
Zach Capel
  • Wyoming
    • Sweetwater County
gsa.confex.com (n.d.)
Zimbabwe
 
  • Masvingo
J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
The Moon
 
  • Descartes Highlands
Dowty et al. (1974) +1 other reference
  • Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility)
Anderson et al. (1970)
  • Taurus-Littrow Valley
... +1 other reference
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: March 29, 2024 10:49:42 Page updated: March 22, 2024 16:03:19
Go to top of page