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Romarchite

A valid IMA mineral species
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About RomarchiteHide

08205050014950385155767.png
Royal Ontario Museum logo
Formula:
SnO
Colour:
black
Lustre:
Adamantine, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
6.374 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Tin pannikins, lost from the overturned canoe of a voyageur between 1811 and 1821, were recovered 15 feet below the surface of the water at Boundary Falls, Winnipeg River, Ontario. Some of the surfaces of the pannikins have a thin crust of alteration products consisting of white crystals and black crystals.
The black crystals were named "romarchite", referring to the Royal Ontario Museum Archaeology section, where the mineral was first studied. The white crystals were named "hydroromarchite" because it is a hydrated tin oxide chemically related to the anhydrous romarchite (Organ & Mandarino, 1971).

The type material of both minerals is clearly anthropogenic, but the species were accepted before the current IMA CNMMN rules excluding such species came into effect.
This page provides mineralogical data about Romarchite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3442
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3442:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
358cfed1-d650-4482-868d-3d4f54a54249

IMA Classification of RomarchiteHide

Classification of RomarchiteHide

4.AC.20

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
C : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (+- smaller ones)
4.2.5.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX
7.11.1

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
RomIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of RomarchiteHide

Adamantine, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
black
Streak:
clove brown
Hardness:
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
6.374 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Chemistry of RomarchiteHide

Mindat Formula:
SnO

Crystallography of RomarchiteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P4/mmm
Setting:
P4/mmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.8014(3) Å, c = 4.8559(6) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.277
Unit Cell V:
70.17 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
from powder

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0009724RomarchitePannetier J, Denes G (1980) Tin(II) oxide: structure refinement and thermal expansion Acta Crystallographica B36 2763-276519800293
0013417RomarchiteIzumi F (1981) Pattern-fitting structure refinement of tin(II) oxide Journal of Solid State Chemistry 38 381-3851981synthetic0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.98 Å(10)
1.601 Å(9)
1.799 Å(7)
2.679 Å(6)
1.491 Å(6b)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
57 : Other minerals formed by human processes

Type Occurrence of RomarchiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
lustrous euhedral crystals between 10 to 50 μm in diameter
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, M28744
Geological Setting of Type Material:
oxidation on pewter panikins
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Organ R M, Mandarino J A (1971) Abstract: Romarchite and hydroromarchite, two new stannous minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist 10, 916-916

Synonyms of RomarchiteHide

Other Language Names for RomarchiteHide

German:Romarchit
Simplified Chinese:黑锡矿
Spanish:Romarchita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Romarchite associated with AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
1 photo of Romarchite associated with MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
1 photo of Romarchite associated with CerussitePbCO3
1 photo of Romarchite associated with GoldAu
1 photo of Romarchite associated with TinSn

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.AC.05SwedenborgiteNaBe4Sb5+O7Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.AC.10BrownmilleriteCa2(Al,Fe3+)2O5Orth. mm2
4.AC.10SrebrodolskiteCa2Fe3+2O5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.AC.10ShulamititeCa3TiFe3+AlO8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmma
4.AC.10SharyginiteCa3TiFe2O8Orth. mm2 : Pmc21
4.AC.15MontroyditeHgOOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
4.AC.20LithargePbOTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
4.AC.25MassicotPbOOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmmm
4.AC.30NataliakulikiteCa4Ti2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(Si,Fe3+,Al)O11Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for RomarchiteHide

References for RomarchiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for RomarchiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bolivia
 
  • Oruro
    • Eduardo Abaroa Province
      • Huari
The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 41 (2003)
Canada (TL)
 
  • Ontario
    • Kenora District
      • Winnipeg River
ORGAN et al. (1971)
China
 
Pavel Kartashov
Jamaica
 
  • Kingston Parish
Dunkle (2002)
Russia
 
  • Bashkortostan
    • Uchalinsky District
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2018
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2005)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Alapayevsk Urban Okrug
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Saudi Arabia
 
  • Mecca Region
    • Jiddah (Jeddah)
rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.) +1 other reference
USA
 
  • Florida
    • Monroe County
Dunkle (2002)
  • Idaho
    • Custer County
The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 41 (2003)
  • Minnesota
The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 41 (2003)
  • North Carolina
    • Carteret County
      • Beaufort
Canadian Mineralogist 41:659-669. +1 other reference
  • Texas
    • El Paso County
      • Franklin Mountains (Franklin Range)
Smith (1991)
  • U.S. Virgin Islands
Alminas +2 other references
Alminas +2 other references
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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