Rucklidgeite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Rucklidgeite
Formula:
PbBi2Te4
Colour:
Silver-white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
7.739
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after John Christopher Rucklidge (15 January 1938, Halifax, West Yorkshire, England – 7 May 2021, Surrey, England), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Toronto, who first found and partially described the mineral from the Robb-Montbray mine, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec (Rucklidge 1969). The Robb-Montbray mine is considered one of the type localities for the mineral (Clark 1993).
Aleksite Group.
Rucklidgeite is visually indistinguishable from many other bismuth tellurides. Many specimens sold as rucklidgeite have analysed as something else.
Rucklidgeite is visually indistinguishable from many other bismuth tellurides. Many specimens sold as rucklidgeite have analysed as something else.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3474
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3474:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
38f14cf6-ebaf-421c-ba30-34bab0781562
IMA Classification of Rucklidgeite
Approved
Approval year:
1975
First published:
1977
Classification of Rucklidgeite
2.GC.40c
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
C : Poly-sulfarsenites
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
C : Poly-sulfarsenites
2.6.2.7
2 : SULFIDES
6 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 4:3
2 : SULFIDES
6 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 4:3
3.7.38
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ruk | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Ruk | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Rucklidgeite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Rucklidgeite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Silver-white
Streak:
Lead-gray
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN10=51.6 - 62.9 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on the pinacoid and average on the rhombohedron.
Perfect on the pinacoid and average on the rhombohedron.
Comment:
Said to be brittle, but easily split into flexible but inelastic plates. Fractures easily.
Density:
7.739 g/cm3 (Measured) 8.06 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Rucklidgeite
Anisotropism:
Distinct, reddish-brown to bluish-grey
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 440nm | 62.0% | 59.8% |
| 480nm | 62.7% | 60.3% |
| 520nm | 63.3% | 60.5% |
| 560nm | 63.8% | 60.8% |
| 600nm | 64.1% | 61.0% |
| 640nm | 65.0% | 61.9% |
| 680nm | 65.9% | 62.9% |
| 700nm | 66.2% | 63.1% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 66.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White with a very weak rose tint. Creamy relative to volynskite but pale rose relative to altaite.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Very weak in air, noticeable in oil.
Chemistry of Rucklidgeite
Mindat Formula:
PbBi2Te4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ag,Sb
Crystallography of Rucklidgeite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Setting:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.422 Å, c = 41.49 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 9.383
Unit Cell V:
702.61 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
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View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Rotation
Stop | Start
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Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0015894 | Rucklidgeite | Zhukova T B, Zaslavskii A I (1970) X-ray structure determination of PbBi4Te7 Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii 11 462-468 | 1970 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.22 Å | (100) |
| 2.34 Å | (90) |
| 1.473 Å | (60) |
| 1.976 Å | (50) |
| 2.21 Å | (40) |
| 1.822 Å | (40) |
| 1.607 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Rucklidgeite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Very similar to tellurobismuthite, occurring as silver-white foliated aggregates intergrown with gold (9 x 13 mm), and as tabular grains (to 0.5 mm) of different orientations bordering arsenopyrite and boulangerite in dolomite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Vernadsky Geological Museum, Moscow, Russia, 50743.
A. E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 83005, 87446, vis 245, vis247.
A. E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 83005, 87446, vis 245, vis247.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Zav'yalov, Ye.N., Begizov, V.D. (1977) Rucklidgeite, (Bi,Pb)3Te4, a new mineral from from the Zod and Kochkar gold ore deposits. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 106(1): 62-68.
Synonyms of Rucklidgeite
Other Language Names for Rucklidgeite
Relationship of Rucklidgeite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Aleksite | PbBi2Te2S2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
| Babkinite | Pb2Bi2(S,Se)3 | Trig. |
| Kochkarite | PbBi4Te7 | Trig. |
| Poubaite | PbBi2(Se,Te,S)4 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Saddlebackite | Pb2Bi2Te2S3 | Hex. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 9 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Gold | Au |
| 5 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 4 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Hessite | Ag2Te |
| 4 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Altaite | PbTe |
| 3 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 |
| 2 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 2 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Petzite | Ag3AuTe2 |
| 2 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Volynskite | AgBiTe2 |
| 1 photo of Rucklidgeite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.GC. | Clogauite | PbBi4Te4S3 |
| 2.GC.05 | Hatchite | AgTlPbAs2S5 |
| 2.GC.05 | Wallisite | (Cu,Ag)TlPbAs2S5 |
| 2.GC.10 | Sinnerite | Cu6As4S9 |
| 2.GC.15 | Watanabeite | Cu4(As,Sb)2S5 |
| 2.GC.20 | Simonite | TlHgAs3S6 |
| 2.GC.25 | Quadratite | Ag(Cd,Pb)AsS3 |
| 2.GC.25 | Manganoquadratite | AgMnAsS3 |
| 2.GC.30 | Smithite | AgAsS2 |
| 2.GC.35 | Trechmannite | AgAsS2 |
| 2.GC.35 | Debattistiite | Ag9Hg0.5As6S12Te2 |
| 2.GC.40a | Aleksite | PbBi2Te2S2 |
| 2.GC.40b | Kochkarite | PbBi4Te7 |
| 2.GC.40c | Poubaite | PbBi2(Se,Te,S)4 |
| 2.GC.40e | Babkinite | Pb2Bi2(S,Se)3 |
| 2.GC.40d | Saddlebackite | Pb2Bi2Te2S3 |
| 2.GC.45 | Tvalchrelidzeite | Hg3SbAsS3 |
| 2.GC.50 | Mutnovskite | Pb4As2S6ICl |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Non-Magnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Rucklidgeite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3474.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Rucklidgeite
Localities for Rucklidgeite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Armenia (TL) | |
| Harris et al. (1973) +2 other references |
Australia | |
| |
| Hudson et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| Hassan et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Hassan (2017) +1 other reference |
| McQueen et al. (1990) |
| Hassan et al. (2017) |
| Hassan (2014) | |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
Canada | |
| British Columbia Ministry of Energy |
| Roberts (2017) |
| Healy et al. (1990) |
| a preserved late Proterozoic high-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit and its implications for exploration. Economic Geology (4) +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol (1987) |
| Wilson et al. (2013) |
| Dana's New Mineralogy +1 other reference |
| RUCKLIDGE (1969) +2 other references |
China | |
| Peihua Zhang et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Huijuan Zhu et al. (1989) |
| 王鹏 et al. (2016) |
| Chang et al. (2022) |
| Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1992) | |
| Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Liu et al. (2019) |
| preprint | |
| Shuzhang Tian et al. (1993) | |
| Taomei Liu (1984) |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Hongbo Xin et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Minqing Cheng et al. (1993) |
| www.portergeo.com.au (2007) |
Cuba | |
| López K Jesús M. et al. (2006) |
| Torró et al. (2016) |
Czech Republic | |
| Lapis 2000 (4) +2 other references |
| Lapis 2000 (4) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
Finland | |
| Pelayo Barrón Francisco (2020) |
| Hytönen (1999) |
| Kojonen | |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008. Pampalo (Ward) +1 other reference | |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ... +1 other reference |
| Kinnunen |
| www.gsf.fi (2001) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
Hungary | |
| GEODA 2010/1 |
Japan | |
| Kase et al. (1993) |
| Ii et al (1993) |
| Izumino et al. (2014) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Filimonova et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Norway | |
| McQueen (1990) +1 other reference |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Espi et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| Alfonso et al. (2023) |
Poland | |
| Mikulski (2005, January) |
| Harańczyk (1983) |
Romania | |
| Ciobanu et al. (2007) +2 other references |
| Cook et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Падучина et al. (2019) |
| Tseluyko et al. (2019) | |
| Kasatkin et al. (2022) |
| Safina et al. (2015) |
| Pekov (1998) |
| ZVMO (1977) +1 other reference |
| Spiridonov et al. (the South Urals) |
| Bonev et al. (2005) |
| Kalinin (2021) |
| Kalinin (2021) | |
| Chernyavsky et al. (2012) +1 other reference | |
| Kompanchenko et al. (2019) |
| Zaikov et al. (2006) |
| Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September) |
| Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September) |
| V. I. Ivashchenko et al. (2007) |
| Kondratieva et al. (2021) +3 other references |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Kuzhuget et al. (2022) |
Sweden | |
| Bonev et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Corkhill et al. (2010) |
USA | |
| Graeme (1993) |
| Graeme (1993) +2 other references | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Matrix 11:4 pp 181-190 |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Callahan |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Uzbekistan | |
| Kovalenker (2003) |
| Plotinskaya et al. (2006) | |
Zimbabwe | |
| Allan H. Wilson and Martin D. Prendergast (2001) +1 other reference |
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Harrison Gold Mine, Bear Mountain, Harrison Lake, New Westminster Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada