Stephanite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Stephanite
Formula:
Ag5SbS4
Colour:
Lead gray or black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
6.26
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named after the Austrian Mining Director/engineer and life-long mineral collector, Archduke Stephan Franz Victor von Habsburg-Lothringen (1817-1867).
Type Locality:
A less common Ag-rich silver sulphosalt.
Stephanite is stable below 197 +/- 5Β°C (Keighin & Honea, 1969).
Stephanite is stable below 197 +/- 5Β°C (Keighin & Honea, 1969).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3764
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3764:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
e7c8b087-fe0e-4d76-8634-81a565732a96
IMA Classification of Stephanite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Stephanite
2.GB.10
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
B : Neso-sulfarsenites, etc. with additional S
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
B : Neso-sulfarsenites, etc. with additional S
3.2.4.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
2 : ΓΈ = 4
3 : SULFOSALTS
2 : ΓΈ = 4
5.2.11
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
2 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Ag
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
2 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Ag
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Sph | IMAβCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Sph | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Stephanite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead gray or black
Comment:
Occasionally has a dull blue iridescence.
Streak:
Iron black
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
[010] Imperfect, [021] Poor
[010] Imperfect, [021] Poor
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
6.26 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.28 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Stephanite
Anisotropism:
Strong, in vivid colors
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R |
---|---|
400nm | 32.0β33.0% |
420nm | 32.1β33.2% |
440nm | 32.2β33.4% |
460nm | 31.5β33.2% |
480nm | 30.7β32.6% |
500nm | 30.0β32.0% |
520nm | 29.0β31.3% |
540nm | 28.4β30.6% |
560nm | 28.0β30.2% |
580nm | 27.6β29.8% |
600nm | 27.5β29.6% |
620nm | 27.6β29.6% |
640nm | 27.8β29.5% |
660nm | 28.0β29.2% |
680nm | 28.5β28.7% |
700nm | 28.2β28.2% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 32.2β33.4%.
Colour in reflected light:
White-grey
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
White to pink-white
Chemistry of Stephanite
Mindat Formula:
Ag5SbS4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
As,Cu,Fe
Crystallography of Stephanite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mm2 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
Cmc21
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.837(3) Å, b = 12.467(6) Å, c = 8.538(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.629 : 1 : 0.685
Unit Cell V:
834.20 Γ
Β³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals short prismatic to tabular
Twinning:
On {110}; less common on {130}{100}{010}.
Crystallographic forms of Stephanite
Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
Click on an icon to view
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0009367 | Stephanite | Ribar B, Nowacki W (1970) Die kristallstruktur von stephanit, [SbS3|S|Ag5] Acta Crystallographica B26 201-207 | 1970 | 0 | 293 | ||
0014585 | Stephanite | Leitl M, Pfitzner A, Bindi L (2009) Preferred ion diffusion pathways and activation energies for Ag in the crystal structure of stephanite, Ag5SbS4 Mineralogical Magazine 73 17-26 | 2009 | Freiberg District, Saxony, Germany | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.56 Γ | (30) |
3.08 Γ | (100) |
2.89 Γ | (60) |
2.58 Γ | (90) |
2.19 Γ | (40) |
2.13 Γ | (50) |
1.834 Γ | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-π alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Late stage mineral in hydrothermal silver deposits.
Type Occurrence of Stephanite
Synonyms of Stephanite
Other Language Names for Stephanite
German:Stephanit
Antimonsilberglanz
Melanglanz
Prismatischer Melanglanz
SchwarzgΓΌltigerz
Schwarzsilberglanz
SprΓΆdes Silberglanzerz (of Emmerling)
SprΓΆdglanzerz
Stefanit
Tigererz
Schwarzerz (in part)
SprΓΆdglaserz (in part)
Antimonsilberglanz
Melanglanz
Prismatischer Melanglanz
SchwarzgΓΌltigerz
Schwarzsilberglanz
SprΓΆdes Silberglanzerz (of Emmerling)
SprΓΆdglanzerz
Stefanit
Tigererz
Schwarzerz (in part)
SprΓΆdglaserz (in part)
Italian:Stefanite
Russian:Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Simplified Chinese:θιΆηΏ
Swedish:Svartgylden
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
106 photos of Stephanite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
66 photos of Stephanite associated with Acanthite | Ag2S |
65 photos of Stephanite associated with Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
65 photos of Stephanite associated with Pyrargyrite | Ag3SbS3 |
61 photos of Stephanite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
46 photos of Stephanite associated with Silver | Ag |
36 photos of Stephanite associated with Galena | PbS |
30 photos of Stephanite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
18 photos of Stephanite associated with Rammelsbergite | NiAs2 |
17 photos of Stephanite associated with Skutterudite | CoAs3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.GB. | Polybasite-Tac | |
2.GB. | Argentotetrahedrite-(Hg) | Ag6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB. | Hakite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4Se12Se |
2.GB. | Hakite-(Cd) | Cu6(Cu4Cd2)Sb4Se12Se |
2.GB. | Argentotetrahedrite-(Zn) | Ag6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB. | PoΕ‘epnΓ½ite | (Cu+3β»3)(Hg2+4Cu+2)Sb4Se12(Se0.5β»0.5) |
2.GB. | Argentopearceite | Ag16As2S11 |
2.GB. | ZvΔstovite-(Zn) | Ag6(Ag4Zn2)As4S12S |
2.GB. | Kenoargentotennantite-(Fe) | [Ag6]4+(Cu4Fe2)As4S12β» |
2.GB. | Tennantite-(Hg) | Cu6(Cu4Hg2)As4S12S |
2.GB. | Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Zn) | [Ag6]4+(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S12β» |
2.GB. | Tennantite-(Cu) | Cu6(Cu4Cu2)As4S12S |
2.GB. | Stibiogoldfieldite | (Cu4Cu2)(Cu4Cu+2)(Sb2Te2)S12S |
2.GB. | Tennantite-(Ni) | Cu6(Cu4Ni2)As4S12S |
2.GB. | Tetrahedrite-(Ni) | Cu6(Cu4Ni2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB. | StibioΓΊstaleΔite | (Cu4Cu2)(Cu4Cu+2)(Sb2Te2)Se12Se |
2.GB. | Arsenogoldfieldite | (Cu4Cu2)(Cu4Cu+2)(As2Te2)S12S |
2.GB. | Tennantite-(In) | Cu6(Cu4(In3+Cu+))As4S12S |
2.GB. | Tennantite-(Cd) | Cu6(Cu4Cd2)As4S12S |
2.GB. | Tetrahedrite-(Mn) | Cu6(Cu4Mn2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB. | Argentopolybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9AgS4] |
2.GB.X | Kenorozhdestvenskayaite-(Fe) | [Ag6]4+(Ag4Fe2+2)Sb4S12β» |
2.GB. | Argentotetrahedrite-(Cd) | Ag6(Cu4Cd2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB. | Tennantite-(Mn) | Cu6(Cu4Mn2)As4S12S |
2.GB. | ZvΔstovite-(Fe) | Ag6(Ag4Fe2+2)As4S12S |
2.GB. | Hakite-(Fe) | Cu6(Cu4Fe2+2)Sb4Se12Se |
2.GB. | Tetrahedrite-(Cu) | Cu6(Cu4Cu2+2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB. | ArsenoΓΊstaleΔite | (Cu4Cu2)(Cu4Cu+2)(As2Te2)Se12Se |
2.GB. | Tetrahedrite-(Cd) | Cu6(Cu4Cd2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Argentotennantite-(Zn) | Ag6(Cu4Zn2)As4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Freibergite Subgroup | (Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C2+2)Sb4S12S0-1 |
2.GB.05 | Giraudite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)As4Se12Se |
2.GB.05 | Goldfieldite | (Cu4β»2)(Cu4Cu+2)Te4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Hakite-(Hg) | Cu6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4Se12Se |
2.GB.05 | Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Argentotetrahedrite-(Fe) | Ag6(Cu4Fe2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Rozhdestvenskayaite-(Zn) | Ag6(Ag4Zn2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB.05 | UM1992-21-S:AgFeSb | Ag6(Ag4Fe2+2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Tennantite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)As4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Tetrahedrite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Tennantite-(Fe) | Cu6(Cu4Fe2+2)As4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Tetrahedrite-(Fe) | Cu6(Cu4Fe2+2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB.05 | Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe) | [Ag6]4+(Cu4Fe2+2)Sb4S12β» |
2.GB.05 | Tetrahedrite-(Hg) | Cu6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4S12S |
2.GB.10 | Selenostephanite | Ag5SbSe4 |
2.GB.15 | Pearceite | [Ag6As2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
2.GB.15 | Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
2.GB.15 | UM2003-14-S:AgBiFeTe | Ag16FeBiTe3S8 |
2.GB.15 | Selenopolybasite | [(Ag,Cu)6(Sb,As)2(S,Se)7][Ag9Cu(S,Se)2Se2] |
2.GB.15 | Cupropearceite | [Cu6As2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
2.GB.15 | Cupropolybasite | [Cu6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
2.GB.15 | UM1979-17-S:BiCuFe | ~Cu18Fe4BiS16 |
2.GB.20 | Galkhaite | (Hg5Cu)CsAs4S12 |
2.GB.20 | Vorontsovite | (Hg5Cu)Ξ£6TlAs4S12 |
2.GB.20 | Ferrovorontsovite | (Fe5Cu)Ξ£6TlAs4S12 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Silver ore
Internet Links for Stephanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3764.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Stephanite
Reference List:
Poitevin, Eugene (1919) Crystallography of some Canadian minerals: stephanite, epidote, and calamine. American Mineralogist, 4 (3) 22-25
Localities for Stephanite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
β - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Sureda (1978) |
| Paar et al. (2016) |
| Coira et al. (1995) |
| DE BRODTKORB |
Brodtkorb (2002) | |
| ROBL +1 other reference |
Brodtkorb (2002) | |
| P&E Mining Consultants Inc. (2007) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Melekestseva |
Australia | |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
McClatchie & Sylvester (1970) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Graham et al. (2021) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Worner et al. (et al) |
L.Lawrence +1 other reference | |
| Birch et al |
Teale et al. (2006) | |
| Mines of the Broken Hill District |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1984) |
| Haupt |
| Singer et al. (2009) |
| A. R. Seymon |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Feitzinger et al. (1995) |
| Paar (1986) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| [Lapis 1993:5 p.13-28] +1 other reference |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Jakely (2008) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
Bolivia | |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 |
USGS Bulletin # 1975 | |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) |
USGS Bulletin # 1975 | |
| Pastor et al. (2015) |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 |
| Federico Ahlfeld y Jorge MuΓ±oz Reyes (1955) |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) | |
Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) +1 other reference | |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) | |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
| Wilson (2001) |
| Agustin Arando specimen |
| Wilson (2001) |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) | |
| Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental (USGS Bulletin no. 1975) |
| Lindgren et al. (1928) +1 other reference |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Slobodan A. RadosavljeviΔ et al. (2016) |
Bulgaria | |
| Petrova et al. (2007) |
| K. Bogdanov et al. (2005) +2 other references |
| www.geologija-revija.si (n.d.) +3 other references |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Ingelson et al. (1989) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
Montgomery (n.d.) | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| British Columbia Geological Survey +1 other reference |
| Mauthner (1996) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Waterloo No. #3 report +1 other reference |
| Brueckner et al. (2015) |
| Badham (1975) |
| Rich et al. (1977) |
| Harris et al. (1984) |
| Grant (2009) |
| Can Mineral May 1976 v. 14 no. 2 p. ... |
| Geoffrey Khalil Abdallah (1990) |
| Wilson (1986) |
| 159-161. +1 other reference |
| Petruk et al. (1969) |
| Traill (1983) |
Traill (1983) | |
Miller | |
Can Min (1971) | |
Traill (1983) | |
Traill (1983) | |
the Canadian Mineralogist V 11 Part 1 ... | |
Reiner Mielke 2016 | |
Traill (1983) | |
Thirty - First Annual Report of the ... +1 other reference | |
Petruk (1971) | |
Sabina (1974) +1 other reference | |
Petruk (1971) | |
| Petruk (1971) +2 other references |
| Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference |
| Mineral. Deposita 42 (2007) |
| Economic Geology (1996) |
| Williams (1990) |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference |
| Thompson (1951) |
Lynch (1989) +1 other reference | |
FΓ€rber (n.d.) | |
Dawson Creek +1 other reference | |
Chile | |
| A.G. GarcΓa Z. +2 other references |
| Cecioni et al. (2000) |
| A. Moesta +3 other references |
A. Moesta +3 other references | |
| I. Domeyko collection Mineralogical ... |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Chinchilla et al. (2013, August) +1 other reference |
| - (2003) |
China | |
| Feng Chengyou et al. (2005) |
| He Zhang et al. (2018) |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Puritch et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Guicheng Huang et al. (2001) |
| Dequan Shuai (1992) |
| Yunying Shu and Peiling Zhou (1990) |
| Hongzhong Xu et al. (1997) |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Peixue Ma and Anguo Chen (1994) +1 other reference |
| Dianhao Huang et al. (1991) +2 other references |
| Fanglin Yang et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
| Erchen Gong (2008) |
| Jingchun Wang et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Youxun Liu et al. (2003) |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
Yi Li and Youbin Liang (1991) | |
| Bosheng Zhou et al. (2002) |
| Yuhua Xie and Jiayin Zhang (1990) +2 other references |
| Qian Zhang et al. (2002) +3 other references |
| εΌ δΈδΏ et al. (2017) |
Liu et al. (2022) | |
| Libo Hao et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Leiming Xu et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000) |
| Dong Zhensheng et al. (1996) |
| Hui Luo and Junjian Li (2002) +1 other reference |
Wentao Sun et al. (2008) | |
| Zhao et al. (2003) |
Zhao et al. (2003) | |
Zhao et al. (2003) | |
| Guoxing Wu (1990) |
| Jiyuan Zhou et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Xinpei Jiang (1994) |
| Yaoguo Hu et al. (2000) |
| Pirajno et al. (1997) |
| Pirajno et al. (1997) |
Colombia | |
| Publications of the Field Columbian ... |
Publications of the Field Columbian ... | |
Cuba | |
| Lastra-Rivero et al. (2018) |
Czech Republic | |
| |
PaΕΎout et al. (2019) | |
| Sejkora |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 |
[Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 | |
| |
| KaΕ‘par |
| Ondrus et al. (2003) |
86. +1 other reference | |
| Fengl (1.) |
Scharm +7 other references | |
| Fojt |
| Sejkora (1994) |
| PauliΕ‘ et al. (2019) |
VeselovskΓ½ (2019) | |
| PauliΕ‘ P. NejzajΓmavΔjΕ‘Γ ... |
| ΔECH V et al. (1952) |
ΔECH V et al. (1952) | |
| |
Hyrsl et al. (2009) | |
| |
| DoleΕΎalovΓ‘ H. |
Ecuador | |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
Egypt | |
| Faisal et al. (2021) |
Ibrahim M. Shalaby et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
Finland | |
| Hietanen (2015) |
France | |
| |
| J.-J. PΓ©richaud: Les MinΓ©raux d'Auvergne et al. (1986) |
| De Ascençao Guedes (2003) |
| Confirmed by Quantitative Micro Analysis (N. MEISSER 2013) |
P&T NΒ°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin) | |
| N. MEISSER 2013 analysis. |
| Bernadi et al. (2014) |
| Mari (2002) |
Germany | |
| Aufschluss 71 (6) |
| Lieber and Leyerzapf (1986) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler (1988) +1 other reference |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Nickerl et al. (2000) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Andreas Gerstenberg collection | |
| P Haas collection |
| RWMW specimen mined before 1965 |
| Lapis (4) |
Baumann et al. (2000) | |
| |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Hajek (2010) |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
Lapis 30 (7/8) | |
Lapis 30 (7/8) | |
Lapis 30 (7/8) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Lapis (2008) |
Haake et al. (1994) | |
| St. Michalski collection - checked by ... |
| Baumann et al. (2000) |
| |
P Haas collection | |
| Baumann et al. (1997) |
| Klaproth (1795) |
| Encyclopedia of Mins. |
| Lapis 11 (7/8) |
| L. Baumann et al. (Stuttgart) |
| Lapis 11 (7/8) |
| J.C. Freiesleben (1847) |
| Baumann et al. (2000) |
| Frenzel |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2008) |
Voudouris et al. (2018) | |
| Voudouris et al. (2019) |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
| M. Grossou-Valta et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Wagner et al. (1980) |
| Tombros (2008) |
Honduras | |
| - (2005) |
D E Russell (personal communication, 2004) | |
Hungary | |
| SzakΓ‘ll: Minerals of RudabΓ‘nya |
| SzakΓ‘ll et al. (1996) |
| Koch: Minerals of Hungary |
India | |
| HΓΆller et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Mukherjee et al. (1998) |
Iran | |
| Topa et al. (2013) |
Italy | |
| Gentile et al. (2023) |
| Pirargirite e stefanite in paragenesi ... |
| Traverso (1898) +3 other references |
Traverso (1898) +2 other references | |
Fenoglio (1928) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| AA. VV. |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Bombicci (1877) +7 other references |
| Bombicci (1877) +9 other references |
Traverso (1898) +2 other references | |
Richard (1879) +5 other references | |
| Funedda et al. (2018) |
| Dessau G. |
| De Michele (1974) |
Japan | |
| Petrov (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Kamitani et al. (2007) |
| Kotaro Watanabe collection |
| Ishiyama (1982) |
| η’ε³Άζ·³ε (1979) |
| Sugaki et al (1982) |
| Information displayed at Mitsubishi ... |
| Imai et al. (1975) |
| Imai et al. (1975) |
| Imai et al. (1975) |
| ... +3 other references |
| Tharalson +5 other references |
| Sadanaga et al. (1974) +1 other reference |
| Kamitani et al. (2007) |
| Kamitani et al. (2007) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Litvinovich et al. (1960) |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
| Evseev (1995) +1 other reference |
Kosovo | |
| Joana KoΓ Odziejczyk et al. ( 2012) +2 other references |
Laos | |
| Takayuki Manaka et al. (2014) |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Megaw (2023) |
| Wilson et al. (1986) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Querol +1 other reference |
| Arthur L. Flagg Collection No. 1316 |
| Panczner (1987) |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Lou Rector collection - obtained from Dennis Beals (Xtal, Colorado, USA) |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
Panczner (1987) | |
Osterman (1984) | |
| Manhattanville College Mineral ... |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Dana 7:I:360. |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Camprubi |
| Can Mineral June 1965 v. 8 no. 2 p. ... |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
Pancnzer (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
Pancnzer (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Dana 7:I:360. +1 other reference |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Richard Dale specimen +2 other references |
Part I et al. (8) +1 other reference | |
| Hoffay |
| Panczner (1987) |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
Pancnzer (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
Panczner (1987) | |
Morocco | |
| Samira |
Uwe Kolitsch collection (analysed by single-crystal XRD) +1 other reference | |
New Zealand | |
| Fyfe (2014) |
Fyfe (2014) | |
Nigeria | |
| Wolfgang Hampel |
Norway | |
| Naik (1975) |
| Kullerud et al. (2020) |
| Morton (1884) +2 other references |
| Neumann (1944) |
Neumann (1944) | |
Kullerud et al. (2016) | |
Peru | |
| Econ Geol (1985) |
| Gibson (1992) |
| www.sec.gov (n.d.) |
| Gamarra-Urrunaga et al. (2013) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Betts (n.d.) |
King (n.d.) | |
| EDS Analysis Frank Keutsch |
| Benites et al. (2022) |
Philippines | |
| Gardner (1939) |
Poland | |
| Mederski et al. (2020) |
| Siuda (2012) |
Mochnacka et al. (2012) | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) |
| Mederski et al. (2020) |
| Madziarz (2006) +1 other reference |
Muszer A. et al. (PbSe) +1 other reference | |
Portugal | |
| Mateus et al. (2005) |
| |
Bussink (1984) +1 other reference | |
Romania | |
| www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) |
| Marias Francisc |
Marias Francisc | |
| 1-RΔdulescu Dan +7 other references |
Marias Francisc | |
Russia | |
| Eremin +3 other references |
| Damdinov et al. (2018) |
| Gregory Levitan (2008) |
ΠΠ»ΡΡ ΠΎΠ² et al. (2021) +1 other reference | |
| Okrugin et al. (an Example of Mutnovsky Geothermal Area, Southern Kamchatka) |
Okrugin (2004) | |
| ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ² et al. (Π‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠ₯ΠΠ’Π¬Π) |
| Makshakov +2 other references |
Makshakov +2 other references | |
T. V. Zhuravkova et al. (2015) +2 other references | |
| Tauson et al. (2017) |
| Savva et al. (2014) |
Savva et al. (2007) | |
| Karpov S.M. et al. (2012) |
| Kalinin et al. (2020) |
| Vasilenko (2001) |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
Simanenko et al. (2015) | |
ROGULINA et al. (2004) | |
Simanenko (2006) | |
| Ivin et al. (2021) |
| Rogulina +4 other references |
| unpublished SEM/EDS analysis |
| Gamyanin G.N. et al. (2001) |
Goryachev et al. (2011) | |
| Chernyshev et al. (2011) |
Bortnikov et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
Gamyanin et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Anikina et al. (2016) |
| Vikentyev (2015) |
Slovakia | |
| Berkh et al. (2014) |
Smithsonian Institution USNM ... | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| P Haas collection |
Lipold M. (1867) | |
Lipold M. et al. (in German) | |
Lipold M. et al. (in German) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| ΔuΔa (1993) |
| LuptΓ‘kovΓ‘ J. et al. (MalΓ© KarpΓ‘ty Mts., Slovakia) |
| PauliΕ‘ P. |
Grecula (1995) | |
| Tony Nikischer |
| Duda et. all. |
ΔuΔa R. (2001) | |
| MikuΕ‘ M. |
South Korea | |
| Choi et al. (2005) |
| Choi et al. (2005) |
| Choi et al. (2005) |
Spain | |
| Carmona Ruiz et al. (2018) |
| Carmona Ruiz +2 other references |
| Mineralogical Record (3) +1 other reference |
Calvo (2003) | |
Calvo et al. (1992) | |
Col. Agustin Agudo Espinosa. | |
Calvo et al. (1992) | |
Jordi Fabre collection | |
Calvo et al. (1992) | |
| Fanlo et al. (2010) |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008) |
Sweden | |
| Grensman et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
Barbosa (2021) | |
| Jasinski (1983) |
Canadian Mineralogist (1984) | |
| NJMAh 165 |
| |
| Andersson et al. (2014) |
| Rincon (2022) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| RΓΌegg et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Graeser et al. (1978) +3 other references | |
Tajikistan | |
| Moralev et al. (1999) |
| Badalov et al. (1975) |
Turkey | |
| Blanks et al. (2014) |
| Arik (2012) |
UK | |
| Lewis (1882) +2 other references |
| Henwood (1871) |
| Dana 7:I:360.] +1 other reference |
| Rudler (1905) +1 other reference |
| Ixer et al. (1987) |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
- (2008) | |
| USGS OFR 2004-1200 (Hawley,2004) |
| - (2008) |
| Taylor |
| - (2008) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039562 |
| Schrader (1917) +2 other references |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10026974 +1 other reference |
| Lindgren (1926) +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 140. +6 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 140 +6 other references |
| Hanks (1886) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 140. +3 other references |
| Goodyear (1888) +1 other reference |
| 258 pp.: 170 +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 140. +3 other references |
| King (n.d.) |
| Cal Div of Mines "Journal Vol.53 No. ... |
| Hollister et al. (1995) |
Hanks (1884) +2 other references | |
Hanks (1884) +2 other references | |
Whiting (1888) +1 other reference | |
| Murdoch et al. (1966) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 26 (map 2-14) +3 other references |
| Tucker (1940) +3 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| USGS PP 610 (Koschman,1968) |
USGS PP 223 (Lovering,1950) | |
| Professional Paper 63: 253. +1 other reference |
Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| Holmes et al. (1983) |
Mineralogical Record:16 (3) | |
| USGS PP 1017 (Lovering,1978) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Dings et al. (1957) +1 other reference |
Dings et al. (1957) | |
| - (2005) |
Emmons et al. (1885) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
USGS Bull 1434 | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Dana 6: 1090. |
Dana 6: 1090. | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Foley +4 other references | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Emmons et al. (1885) |
| U.S. Geological Survey Professional ... +1 other reference |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Emmons et al. (1885) | |
Emmons et al. (1885) +1 other reference | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Emmons et al. (1885) |
| Emmons et al. (1885) +1 other reference |
Emmons et al. (1885) +1 other reference | |
| Emmons et al. (1885) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Emmons et al. (1885) | |
| Lovering et al. (1950) |
| Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
USGS PP 223 (Lovering,1950) | |
| Emmons et al. (1885) |
Rocks & Minerals 75:339 | |
| Shannon et al. (1971) |
Shannon et al. (1971) | |
| Ream (1995) +1 other reference |
Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Ream (2004) |
Ream (1995) | |
| Ream (1995) |
Ream (1995) | |
| Ream (1995) |
Allen (1990) | |
| - (2005) |
Ream (1995) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Rocks & Min. 70:255 | |
- (2005) | |
Ream (1995) | |
- (2005) +1 other reference | |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) |
| King et al. (1994) |
Morrill et al. 1958. +1 other reference | |
| Baird et al. (1876) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| Ref: Montana Bureau of Mines and Gology ... +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Min.: 16: 247. |
Rocks & Min.: 16: 244 | |
King (n.d.) | |
| Winchell (1914) +1 other reference |
| NBMG Bull 83 Geology and Mineral ... |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
J.V. Tingley and J. Quade (1987) +1 other reference | |
J.V. Tingley and J. Quade (1987) +1 other reference | |
NBMG Open File Report 87-2 +2 other references | |
- (2005) | |
USBM Inf Circ 7093 (1939) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference |
| LaPointe et al. (199) |
| - (2005) |
LaPointe et al. (199) +1 other reference | |
| LaPointe et al. (199) +1 other reference |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
LaPointe et al. (199) +1 other reference | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| NBMG Bull 64 Geology and Mineral ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Ranta (1967) +2 other references |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Rocks & Minerals | |
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral ... +2 other references |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999 +1 other reference |
Dana 7:I:459. | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
- (2005) | |
| NBMG Bull 77 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
- (2005) | |
NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral ... | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Johnson (1977) +1 other reference |
| H F Bonham report in NBMG files +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Rocks and Minerals (1999) |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Dana 6:145. | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| NBMG Bull 14 +1 other reference |
Am Min 50:1498-1500 | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Lindgren et al. (1910) |
| NMGS 21st Field Conference |
| NMBGMR Open-file Report OF-459 +1 other reference |
NMBGMR Open-file Report OF-459 | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| - (2005) |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
USGS PP 1644C +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| NMBMMR Bull 8 The Ore Deposits of ... +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Lasmanis (1995) |
| Cannon (1975) |
Simon et al. (1997) | |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference | |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references | |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references |
Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references | |
Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references | |
| Cannon (1975) +1 other reference |
Cannon (1975) | |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) +1 other reference |
Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference | |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
Cannon (1975) | |
| R. Derkey +3 other references |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| Lambe et al. (1987) |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:388 |
Uzbekistan | |
| Koneev et al. (2005) |
Quick NavTopAbout StephaniteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystallographic forms Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
St Andreasberg, Braunlage, Goslar District, Lower Saxony, Germany