Umangite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Umangite (58)

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Umangite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Umangite

Lodge Bay, Lake Athabasca, Saskatchewan, Canada

Umangite

Santa Brígida mine, Sañogasta, Chilecito department, La Rioja Province, Argentina

Umangite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Umangite

Lodge Bay, Lake Athabasca, Saskatchewan, Canada

Umangite

Santa Brígida mine, Sañogasta, Chilecito department, La Rioja Province, Argentina

Umangite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Umangite

Lodge Bay, Lake Athabasca, Saskatchewan, Canada

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About UmangiteHide

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Formula:

Cu₃Se₂

Colour:

Red, bluish red-black, iridescent violet-blue (tarnished)

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

3

Specific Gravity:

6.44 - 6.49

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Member of:

Berzelianite-Umangite Group

Name:

Named after its supposed discovery locality, Sierra de Umango (Umango Mountains), Argentina, although in reality it does not occur there but came rather from a neighbouring range called the Sierra de Cacho (see also text in http://www.mindat.org/loc-146779.html).

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Las Asperezas mine, Sierra de Cacho, Villa Castelli, General Lamadrid Department, La Rioja Province, Argentina
ⓘ Trogtal Quarries, Harz (Landkreis Goslar), Goslar District, Lower Saxony, Germany

Berzelianite-Umangite Group.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Mindat ID:

4090

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4090:3

GUID
(UUID V4):

4294e305-3cef-4af9-bb0b-e372ffbd4b8d

Classification of UmangiteHide

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Physical Properties of UmangiteHide

Optical Data of UmangiteHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0009926	Umangite	Milman V (2002) Klockmannite, CuSe: structure, properties and phase stability from ab initio modeling Acta Crystallographica B58 437-447		2002	hypothetical structure calculated using DFT	0	293
0012164	Umangite	Heyding R D, Murray R M (1976) Crystal structures of Cu1.8Se, Cu3Se2, alpha- and gamma=CuSe, CuSe2, and CuSe2II Canadian Journal of Chemistry 54 841-848		1976	Beaverlodge Region, Saskatchewan, Canada	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to closedata_global _chemical_name_mineral 'Umangite' loop_ _publ_author_name 'Milman V' _journal_name_full 'Acta Crystallographica, Section B' _journal_volume 58 _journal_year 2002 _journal_page_first 437 _journal_page_last 447 _publ_section_title ; Klockmannite, CuSe: structure, properties and phase stability from ab initio modeling ; _database_code_amcsd 0009926 _chemical_compound_source 'hypothetical structure calculated using DFT' _chemical_formula_sum 'Cu3 Se2' _cell_length_a 6.308 _cell_length_b 6.308 _cell_length_c 4.350 _cell_angle_alpha 90 _cell_angle_beta 90 _cell_angle_gamma 90 _cell_volume 173.090 _exptl_crystal_density_diffrn 6.688 _symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P -4 21 m' loop_ _space_group_symop_operation_xyz 'x,y,z' '1/2-y,1/2-x,z' 'y,-x,-z' '1/2-x,1/2+y,-z' '-x,-y,z' '1/2+y,1/2+x,z' '-y,x,-z' '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z' loop_ _atom_site_label _atom_site_fract_x _atom_site_fract_y _atom_site_fract_z Cu1 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 Cu2 0.64300 0.85700 0.24750 Se 0.26550 0.76550 0.25860

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References for UmangiteHide

Reference List:

Year ⬇Author Title Publisher

von Steinbruch Trogtal bei Lautenthal im Harz. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte: 133–142.

Klockmann, F. (1891) Mineralogische mittheilungen aus den sammlungen der Bergakademie zu Clausthal. Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie: 19: 265-275 (269).

Klockmann, F. (1891) Mineralogische mittheilungen aus den sammlungen der Bergakademie zu Clausthal. Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie: 19: 265-275 (269).

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.194-195

Earley, J.W. (1950) Description and synthesis of the selenide minerals. American Mineralogist: 35: 337-364.

Ramdohr, P., Schmitt, M. (1955) Vier neue nat¨uraliche kobaltselenide

Morimoto, N., Koto, K. (1966) Crystal structure of umangite, Cu3Se2. Science: 152(3720): 345-345.

Heyding, R.D., Murray, R.M. (1976) Crystal structures of Cu1.8Se, Cu3Se2, α- and γCuSe, CuSe2, and CuSe2II. Canadian Journal of Chemistry: 54: 841-848.

Localities for UmangiteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Argentina
La Rioja Province Capital Department Puerto Alegre ⓘ San Francisco deposit	Paar, et al. (1996): Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina 51 (4):304-312 Grundmann, G., & Förster, H. J. (2018). The Sierra de Cacheuta Vein-Type Se Mineralization, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Minerals, 8(4), 127.
Chilecito department Sañogasta ⓘ La Piedra Pintada	M.K. de Brodtkorb (ed.) (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina, (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
ⓘ Santa Brígida mine	Minerales de la Republica Argentina, E. O. Zappettini Ed., Buenos Aires 1999 ISSN 0328-2325 Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
General Lamadrid department ⓘ El Chire prospect	Paar, W.H., Werner, H., Topa, D., Makovicky, E., Sureda, R.J., De Brodtkorb, M.K., Nickel, E.H., and Putz, H. (2004) Jagueite, Cu2Pd3Se4, a new mineral species from El Chire, La Rioja, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist: 42(6): 1745-1755.
ⓘ Rincón Blanco	Marquez-Zavalia, M. F., Galliski, M. A., Škácha, P., Macek, I., Sejkora, J., & Dolníček, Z. (2021). Mineralogy of the Rincon Blanco selenide occurrence, La Rioja, Argentina. Journal of Geosciences, 66(1), 1-14.
Villa Castelli ⓘ Sierra de Cacho	(see note under Sierra de Umango)
ⓘ El Quemado deposit	Grundmann, G., & Förster, H. J. (2018). The Sierra de Cacheuta Vein-Type Se Mineralization, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Minerals, 8(4), 127.
ⓘ El Tolar deposit	de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Crosta, S. (2010). Reseña de la ubicación geográfica de los seleniuros de la Sierra de Umango, provincia de La Rioja. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67(2), 272-279.
ⓘ La Millionaria mine	O. Kempff, W.H. Paar, S. Tawackoli (2009) Minerales de Bolivia, p. 34. Milka K. de BRODTKORB and Sabrina CROSTA (2010) RESEÑA DE LA UBICACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE LOS SELENIUROS DE LA SIERRA DE UMANGO, PROVINCIA DE LA RIOJA. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67 (2), 272 - 277.
ⓘ Las Asperezas mine (TL)	DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372. Paar, W. H., Putz, H., Topa, D., de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Sureda, R. J. (2005, January). Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1419-1422). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. O. Kempff, W.H. Paar, S. Tawackoli (2009) Minerales de Bolivia, p. 34.
ⓘ Las Pichanas deposit	Milka K. de BRODTKORB and Sabrina CROSTA (2010) RESEÑA DE LA UBICACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE LOS SELENIUROS DE LA SIERRA DE UMANGO, PROVINCIA DE LA RIOJA. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67 (2), 272 - 277.
ⓘ Pichanas deposit	Grundmann, G., & Förster, H. J. (2018). The Sierra de Cacheuta Vein-Type Se Mineralization, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Minerals, 8(4), 127.
ⓘ Tumiñico Mine	Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina) Paar, W.H., Topa, D., Roberts, A.C., Criddle, A.J., Amann, G., Sureda, R.J. (2002): The new mineral species brodtkorbite, Cu2HgSe2, and the associated selenide assemblage from Tumiñico, Sierra de Cacho, La Rioja, Argentina. Can. Mineral.: 40(1): 225–237 de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Crosta, S. (2010). Reseña de la ubicación geográfica de los seleniuros de la Sierra de Umango, provincia de La Rioja. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67(2), 272-279. Grundmann, G., & Förster, H. J. (2018). The Sierra de Cacheuta Vein-Type Se Mineralization, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Minerals, 8(4), 127.
ⓘ Sierra de Umango	[Am Min 35 (1950), 354] Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
ⓘ Los Llantenes mining district	Recursos Minerales de la Republica Argentina, E. O. Zappettini Ed., Buenos Aires 1999 ISSN 0328-2325 de Brodtkorb, M. K. Gay, H. D. Sureda, R. J. (1993): Polymetallic selenide-sulfide minerals of the Los Llantenes mining district, La Rioja, Argentina. Maurice, Yvon T. (Ed.), Proc. 8th Quadrenn. IAGOD Symp., 119-125.
ⓘ Sierra de Famatina	No reference listed
Vinchina Department ⓘ El Cóndor Mine	Sarp, H. & G.Burri, Schweiz. Mineral.Petrogr. Mitt. 67, 219-223(1987)
Mendoza Province Luján de Cuyo department Cacheuta District ⓘ Sierra de Cacheuta	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990 Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484 Grundmann, G., & Förster, H. J. (2018). The Sierra de Cacheuta Vein-Type Se Mineralization, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Minerals, 8(4), 127.
Cerro de Cacheuta ⓘ Cacheuta Mine	Ahlfeld Friedrich and Angelelll Vlctorio 1948 Las especies minerales de la Republica Argentina Univ Nac Tucumftn Inst Geologla y Mineria Jujuy Pub no 458 p 47 48 49 50 54 67 69 70 71 120 121 133 134 Grundmann, G., & Förster, H. J. (2018). The Sierra de Cacheuta Vein-Type Se Mineralization, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Minerals, 8(4), 127.
Australia
South Australia Eyre Peninsula Middleback Range Iron Knob ⓘ Iron Monarch open cut	www.crocoite.com (Steve Sorrell) and refs therein
Western Australia East Pilbara Shire Rudall River District ⓘ Copper Hills	Nickel, Ernest H. (2002): An Unusual Occurrence of Pd, Pt, Au, Ag, and Hg Mineralisation in the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canadian Mineralogist. 40: 419-433.
Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire Kalgoorlie-Boulder Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines ⓘ Great Boulder Gold Mine (Phantom Lode; Great Boulder South; Great Boulder North; Great Boulder Extended)	Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Austria
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Neuberg an der Mürz Altenberg an der Rax Eselberg ⓘ Selenide occurrence	Postl, W. & Paar, W.H. (1997)
Bolivia
La Paz Aroma Province Laurani District ⓘ Laurani Mine	USGS Bulletin # 1975, p. 255.
Potosí Antonio Quijarro Province Porco Municipality ⓘ El Dragón mine	[MinRec 21:133] doi:10.3390/min7050068 Grundmann, G. and Förster H.-J. (2017) Origin of the El Dragón Selenium Mineralization, Quijarro Province, Potosí, Bolivia. Minerals, 7(5), 68
Canada
Nunavut Kivalliq Region Baker Lake ⓘ Christopher Island	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990 Miller A.: Uranium Geology of the eastern Baker Lake Basin, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories G.S.C. Bulletin 330.
Ontario Haliburton County Highlands East Township Cardiff Township ⓘ Bicroft Mine	GSC Report 39
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue Rouyn-Noranda TE ⓘ Horne Mine (Noranda Mine)	Sabina (2003) 66.
Saskatchewan Beaverlodge Lake area ⓘ Eagle Claims U-Cu-Se occurrence	Can Min 10:787-796 Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
ⓘ Goldfields District	J. Traill (1952) Synthesis and x-ray study of uranium sulphate minerals . American Mineralogist 37:394-406.
Beaverlodge Lake ⓘ Ato Bay	ROBINSON, S.C. & BROOKER, E.J. (1952): A cobalt - nickel - copper selenide from the Goldfields district, Saskatchewan, Canada. American Mineralogist 37, 542-544.
ⓘ Hal Lake Selenium Occurrence No. 1	Collected and analyzed by Gunnar Farber.
ⓘ Martin Lake mine	Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 10, pp.787-796 (1972) Tremblay, L. P. (1978). Geology of the Beaverlodge mining area, Saskatchewan (No. GSCAN-M--367). Geological Survey of Canada. Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Lake Athabasca ⓘ Lodge Bay	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
ⓘ Pinky Fault Uranium Deposit	Stylianos Augustithis (1995) Atlas of the Textural Patterns of Ore Minerals and Metallogenic Processes
China
Anhui Huaibei Suixi Co. Sanpu ore field ⓘ Qianchang Mine	Yanjing Chen, Huayong Chen, Khin Zaw, Pirajno, F., and Zengjie Zhang (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 31, 139-169.
ⓘ Qinlou Mine	Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.
Hubei Huangshi Daye Co. ⓘ Jiguanzui Au-Cu deposit	Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.
Yangxin Co. Fengshan ore field ⓘ Jilongshan Au-Cu deposit	Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.
Jiangxi Shangrao Dexing Co. Dexing Cu-Mo-Au ore field Dexing copper mine ⓘ Tongchang Mine	Jingxian Li and Jiajun Liu (2014): Resources & Industries 16(2), 90-97
Sichuan Liangshan Yi Huili County ⓘ Luchang-Datongchang Ag-Cu deposit	Zhi Li, Zhenjie Chen, and Fengge Wang (1973): Geology and Prospecting 10(2), 20-24 Dequan Shuai and Fengming Fu (1983): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 3(4), 318-320
Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region ⓘ Příbram District	Josef Vajdak (2008) Mineral News, 24, #3, 15. (collected on dump by Pavel Skacha) Škácha, P., Sejkora, J., & Plášil, J. (2017). Selenide mineralization in the Příbram uranium and base-metal district (Czech Republic). Minerals, 7(6), 91.
Háje Uranium Mine No. 16 ⓘ Mine dump	(Pavel Škácha coll.)
Olomouc Region Jeseník District Javorník Zálesí ⓘ Zálesí uranium deposit	Sejkora, J., Plášil, J., Litochleb, J., Škácha, P., Pavlícek, R. (2012): A selenide association with macroscopic umangite from the abandoned uranium deposit Zálesí, Rychlebské hory Mountains (Czech Republic). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrologického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 20, 187-196 (in Czech with English abstract). Sejorka, J., Macek, I., Škácha, P., Pauliš, P., Plášil, J., Toegel, V. (2014). Výskyt asociace Hg a Tl selenidů na opuštěném uranovém ložisku Zálesí v Rychlebských horách (Česká republika). Bulletin Mineralogicko-Petrologickeho Oddeleni Narodniho Muzea v Praze, 22(2).
Plzeň Region Klatovy District Nalžovské Hory Ústaleč ⓘ Ústaleč U occurrence (Austaletz U occurrence)	Sejkora, J., Plasil, J., & Makovicky, E. (2022). Stibioustalecite, Cu6Cu6 (Sb2Te2) Se13, the first Te-Se member of tetrahedrite group, from the Ustalec, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 67(4), 289-297.
Tachov District Zadní Chodov ⓘ Zadní Chodov deposit (Hinterkotten deposit)	Scharmová, M., Scharm, B. (1995) Minerály selenu na uranovém ložisku Zadní Chodov. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze: 3: 43-47.
South Bohemian Region Písek District Kovářov Předbořice ⓘ Předbořice deposit	Strübel, Zimmer: "Lexikon der Minerale", 2nd Ed., 1991 Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484 Bindi, L., Förster, H. J., Grundmann, G., Keutsch, F., & Stanley, C. (2016). Petříčekite, CuSe2, a New Member of the Marcasite Group from the Předbořice Deposit, Central Bohemia Region, Czech Republic. Minerals, 6(2), 33.
South Moravian Region Brno-Country District ⓘ Tišnovská Nová Ves	Šouba, M.: Příspěvek k mineralizacu dislokací v okolí Tišnovské Nové Vsi. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1984, roč. 29, č. 2, s. 185-191.uraninite, coffinite
Vysočina Region Žďár nad Sázavou District Nové Město na Moravě ⓘ Petrovice	Kvaček, M. (1979) Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica: 23(1-2): 15-38. Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484.
ⓘ Slavkovice	Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38. Flégr, T., Sejkora, J., Škácha, P., & Dolníček, Z. (2018). New occurrence of kruťaite and petříčekite at the former uranium mine Slavkovice, western Moravia, Czech Republic. Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie, 26(2), 250-258.
Rožná Rožná deposit ⓘ Bukov Mine	Vavřín, I.: Nové poznatky o selenidech Českého masívu. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1994, roč. 2, s. 82-89. Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
ⓘ Habři Mine	II, Applications to selenide-bearing ore deposits. Economic Geology: 92: 468-484. Kvaček, M. (1979) Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica: 23(1-2): 15-38. Simon, G., Kesler, S.E., Essene, E.J. (1997) Phase relations among selenides, tellurides, and oxides
ⓘ Rozsochy Mine	Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38. Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38.
ⓘ Zlatkov Mine	Vavřín, I. (1994) Nové poznatky o selenidech Českého masívu. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze: 2: 82-89.
ⓘ Škrdlovice	Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38.
DR Congo
Haut-Katanga Kambove Territory Shinkolobwe ⓘ Shinkolobwe Mine	MinRec 20:287-288 Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Puy-de-Dôme Issoire Le Vernet-Chaméane ⓘ Chaméane Uranium Deposit	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990 Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Grand Est Haut-Rhin Thann-Guebwiller Kruth ⓘ Uranium deposit (Kruth 2)	Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
Waldshut St Blasien Menzenschwand ⓘ Krunkelbach Valley Uranium deposit	Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
Bavaria Upper Franconia Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Kirchenlamitz Großschloppen ⓘ Christa Mine	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 DILL, H. G. and KOLB, S.G. (1986): The Großschloppen-Hebanz uranium occurrences. A prototype of mineralized structure zones associated with desilification and silification processes (F.R. Germany/N Bavaria). - In: Uranium Vein-Type Deposits (Ed. H.D. Fuchs), International Atomic Energy Agency, 287-303
Upper Palatinate ⓘ Wölsendorf fluorite mining district	Dill, H.G., Weber, B. (2010) Accessory minerals of fluorite and their implication regarding the environment of formation (Nabburg–Wölsendorf fluorite district, SE Germany), with special reference to fetid fluorite (“Stinkspat”). Ore Geology Reviews, 37 (2). 65-86 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2010.01.004
Lower Saxony Goslar District Braunlage St Andreasberg ⓘ Roter Bär Mine	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 Cabral, A. R., Ließmann, W., Jian, W., & Lehmann, B. (2017). Bismuth selenides from St. Andreasberg, Germany: an oxidised five-element style of mineralisation and its relation to post-Variscan vein-type deposits of central Europe. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 106(7), 2359-2369.
Harz (Landkreis Goslar) ⓘ Trogtal Quarries (TL)	Zeit. Kryst. (1891) 19, 265-27 Ramdohr, P., Schmitt, M. (1955) Vier neue natürliche Kobaltselenide vom Steinbruch Trogtal bei Laufenthal im Harz. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1955: 133-142. Weiss, S. (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas, Deutschland West. Weise Verlag, München, 320 pages.
Göttingen District Osterode am Harz Lerbach ⓘ Weintraube Mine	Weiss, S. (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas, Deutschland West. Weise Verlag, München, 320 pages.
Walkenried Zorge ⓘ Brummerjan Mine	Weiss, S. (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas, Deutschland West. Weise Verlag, München, 320 pages.
Sieber ⓘ Henriette Mine	Heider, J. (2014): Die Selenidmineralisation der Grube Henriette. Aufschluss, 65, 216-226.
Saxony-Anhalt Harz Ballenstedt Rieder ⓘ Greywacke quarry	Schaarschmidt, H. (2007): Weltweit einmalig: Clausthalit als freie Kristalle aus dem Harz. Lapis 32 (3), 41-42. (in German) Heider, J. & Siemroth, J. (2012): Die Selenidmineralisation im Grauwacke-Tagebau Rieder bei Gernrode, Harz. Aufschluss, 63, 213-223.
Mansfeld-Südharz Mansfeld ⓘ Tilkerode mining district	Tischendorf, G. (1969). Sources of elements in selenide mineralization near Tilkerode (Harz). International Geology Review, 11(11), 1298-1301. Wittern, Artur (2001) Mineralfundorte und ihre Minerale in Deutschland (1st ed.) Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Aue-Bad Schlema ⓘ Alberoda	Förster, H. J. (2004). Mineralogy of the Niederschlema-Alberoda U–Se-polymetallic deposit, Erzgebirge, Germany. II: Hessite, Ag2Te, and native Te (?), the first tellurium minerals. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 180(2), 101-113. Förster, H. J., Rhede, D., & Tischendorf, G. (2004). Mineralogy of the Niederschlema–Alberoda U–Se–polymetallic deposit, Erzgebirge, Germany. i. jolliffeite, NiAsSe, the rare Se-dominant analogue of gersdorffite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42(3), 841-849. Förster, H. J., Tischendorf, G., & Rhede, D. (2005). Mineralogy of the Niederschlema–Alberoda U–Se–polymetallic deposit, Erzgebirge, Germany. V. Watkinsonite, nevskite, bohdanowiczite and other bismuth minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43(3), 899-908.
ⓘ Schlema-Hartenstein mining district	American Mineralogist (1983): 68: 280-281.
Zwickau District Hartenstein ⓘ Shaft 371	Förster, H.-J. Cooper,M.A. Roberts, A.C. Stanley, C.J. Criddle, A.J. Hawthorne, F.C. Laflamme, J.H.G. & Tischendorf, G. (2003): Schlemaite, (Cu,◻)6(Pb,Bi)Se4, a new mineral species from Niederschlema-Alberoda, Erzgebirge, Germany: Description and crystal structure. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 1433-1444.
Greenland
Kujalleq Qaqortoq ⓘ Frederik VII's Mine	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990 Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Mexico
Durango Mapimí Municipality Mapimí ⓘ Monterrey Mine	Hoffmann, Victor Joseph (1968) The Mineralogy of the Mapimi Mining District, Durango, Mexico. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona, 230 pgs. Panczner, William D. (1987) Minerals of Mexico. Springer, New York, 467 pgs.
ⓘ Ojuela Mine	Moore, T.P., Megaw, P.K.M. (2003): Famous mineral localities: The Ojuela mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. The Mineralogical Record, 34(5), 1-91.
ⓘ Monterrey Shaft	Thomas P. Moore (2008) Lapis, 33, #7-8, 33-40.
Middle East
ⓘ Hatrurim Formation	Vapnik, Y., Galuskina, I., Murashko, M., Britvin, S., & Galuskin, E. (2014). The Hatrurim Complex-the New Unique Locality on World Mineral Map: the Review of Mineral Discoveries. In Israel Geological Society 2014, Annual Meeting, En Boqeq (pp. 143-144).
Namibia
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Karkonosze County ⓘ Kowary	Mochnacka K. 1971: Okruszcowanie w Kowarach (Dolny Śląsk). Prz. Geol. nr 11 Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Kłodzko County Gmina Stronie Śląskie ⓘ Kletno	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990 Gil, G. Gunia, P. Barnes, J.D. Szymański, M. Jokubauskas, P. Kalbarczyk-Gil, A. Pringle, G. J., & Thorpe, R. I. (1980). Bohdanowiczite, junoite and laitakarite from the Kidd Creek mine, Timmins, Ontario. The Canadian Mineralogist, 18(3), 353-360. Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484 Bagiński, B. (2020) Origin of Talc and Fe-Ti-V Mineralization in the Kletno Deposit (the Śnieżnik Massif, SW Poland). Minerals 10, 13.
Russia
Irkutsk Oblast Bodaybinsky District Bodaibo Lena Gold District Kropotkinsky ore cluster ⓘ Sukhoi Log deposit	www.igem.ru (n.d.) http://www.igem.ru/igem/chem/pt/sukhloge.htm Distler, V. V., Mitrofanov, G. L., Yudovskaya, M. A., Lishnevsky, E. N., & Prokof’ev, V. Y. (2005). Deep structure and ore-forming processes of the Sukhoi Log gold-platinum deposit, Russia. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 921-923). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Sweden
Östergötland County Valdemarsvik ⓘ Skrikerum Mine	Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484 Sandström, F. (2007): Skrikerum. Litiofilen 24 (1), 22-38 Adelmann, H.G. and Förster, H.-J. (2022): Merenskyit und Hakit-(Hg) - zwei Neubeschreibungen von der Selenid-Mineralisation von Skrikerum, Schweden. Aufschluss, 73 (1), 53-60 (in German).
UK
England Devon Torbay Torquay ⓘ Hope's Nose	C. J. Stanley, A. J. Criddle and D. Lloyd (1990) Precious and Base Metal Selenide Mineralization at Hope's Nose, Torquay, Devon. Mineralogical Magazine 54:485-493 Camm, Simon (1995) Gold in the Counties of Cornwall & Devon. Cornish Hillside Publications, St. Austell, Cornwall.
USA
Colorado San Juan County Minnesota Gulch ⓘ Pearl lode ?	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
New Jersey Sussex County Franklin ⓘ Franklin Mine	Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and Their Intergrowths, p. 466.
Washington Ferry County Republic Mining District ⓘ Knob Hill Mine	Huntting, M. (1956): Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metallic Minerals, Vol. 1, p.121 Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.35, 64, 136, 174 Derkey, Robert E., Joseph, Nancy L., Lasmanis, Raymond (1990, November) Metal Mines of Washington - Preliminary Report. Open File Report 90-18. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources