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Bementite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Bementite (44)

Bementite Gallery Search Photos of Bementite

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Bementite

Gambatesa Mine, Reppia, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy

Bementite, etc.

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

Bementite

Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA

Bementite

Gambatesa Mine, Reppia, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy

Bementite, etc.

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

Bementite

Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA

Bementite

Gambatesa Mine, Reppia, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy

Bementite, etc.

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

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About BementiteHide

Clarence S. Bement

Formula:

Mn₇Si₆O₁₅(OH)₈

Mn may be replaced by minor Fe, Mg and Zn.

Colour:

Brown, dark brown, golden brown, grayish-yellow

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

2.9 - 3.1

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named for Clarence Sweet Bement [1843-1923] by George Augustus Koenig in 1887. Bement assembled the finest mineral collection in the USA. He also assembled the finest collection of U.S. coins and was interested in a variety of collectibles. Bement had a keen interest in Franklin, New Jersey minerals from whence his namesake was discovered.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Trotter Mine, Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA

Compare the very similar innsbruckite and the similar friedelite, as well as ganophyllite and parsettensite.

Raman spectroscopy or diffraction techniques are required to differentiate between bementite and innsbruckite (Krüger et al., 2014).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

621

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:621:3

GUID
(UUID V4):

2b7111f4-8dc6-49da-be6b-6576fd1f0064

IMA Classification of BementiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

First published:

1888

Classification of BementiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

9.EE.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands

Dana 8th ed.:

78.5.2.1

78 : Unclassified Silicates
5 :

Hey's CIM Ref.:

14.17.8

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Bem	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Bem	Warr (2020)	Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of BementiteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Brown, dark brown, golden brown, grayish-yellow

Comment:

Lighter when fresh, weathering darker. Fresh material is transparent in splinters, weathering opaque.

Streak:

White

Hardness:

6 on Mohs scale

Comment:

Sometimes given as variable 4-6, softer mineral due to alteration

Tenacity:

Flexible

Cleavage:

Perfect
{001} perfect, {100} and {010} very good.

Fracture:

Splintery

Density:

2.9 - 3.1 g/cm³ (Measured)

Comment:

Density does not support calculations for Z

Optical Data of BementiteHide

Type:

Biaxial

RI values:

n_α = 1.602 - 1.624 n_β = 1.632 - 1.650 n_γ = 1.632 - 1.650

Birefringence:

0.028

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.030

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

weak

Optical Extinction:

X ⊥ {001}.

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

Colorless, pale yellow

Chemistry of BementiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Mn₇Si₆O₁₅(OH)₈

Mn may be replaced by minor Fe, Mg and Zn.

Elements listed:

H, Mn, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Al,Fe,Zn,Mg,Ca

Crystallography of BementiteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Cell Parameters:

a = 7.5 Å, b = 9.8 Å, c = 5.65 Å
β = 90°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.765 : 1 : 0.577

Unit Cell V:

415.28 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Micaceous aggregates or plates are typical. Felted aggregates of fibers or plates.

Comment:

Better calculations obtained from Orthorhombic cell.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0001635	Bementite	Heinrich A R, Eggleton R A, Guggenheim S (1994) Structure and polytypism of bementite, a modulated layer silicate American Mineralogist 79 91-106		1994		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Bementite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Heinrich A R'
'Eggleton R A'
'Guggenheim S'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 79 
_journal_year 1994
_journal_page_first 91
_journal_page_last 106
_publ_section_title
;
 Structure and polytypism of bementite, a modulated layer silicate
;
_database_code_amcsd 0001635
_chemical_formula_sum 'Si6 Mn6.682 O23'
_cell_length_a 14.838
_cell_length_b 17.584
_cell_length_c 14.700
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 95.54
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 3817.483
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.144
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/c 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Si1   0.92100   0.46700   0.19900   1.00000   0.00760
Si2   0.71900   0.45100   0.20800   1.00000   0.00760
Si3   0.55600   0.56400   0.18400   1.00000   0.00760
Si4   0.99000   0.62600   0.17000   1.00000   0.00760
Si5   0.84500   0.74400   0.14900   1.00000   0.00760
Si6   0.64000   0.73000   0.16400   1.00000   0.00760
Si7   0.49400   0.84300   0.16000   1.00000   0.00760
Si8   0.56800   0.99900   0.18900   1.00000   0.00760
Si9   0.76800   0.01700   0.20400   1.00000   0.00760
Si10   0.29900   0.80700   0.17300   1.00000   0.00760
Si11   0.18400   0.66300   0.17700   1.00000   0.00760
Si12   0.93000   0.90600   0.17600   1.00000   0.00760
Mn1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.95000   0.01013
Mn2   0.22400   0.02500  -0.00800   0.79000   0.01013
Mn3   0.43400   0.06900   0.02300   0.96000   0.01013
Mn4   0.64300   0.12300   0.02200   0.96000   0.01013
Mn5   0.85400   0.13900   0.02800   0.98000   0.01013
Mn6   0.08100   0.17600   0.04500   0.85000   0.01013
Mn7   0.28400   0.22500   0.07200   1.00000   0.01013
Mn8   0.49300   0.25500   0.03500   0.88000   0.01013
Mn9   0.72300   0.29300   0.03800   1.00000   0.01013
Mn10   0.94100   0.31600   0.04200   1.00000   0.01013
Mn11   0.13900   0.35500   0.04100   1.00000   0.01013
Mn12   0.35900   0.39700   0.00200   0.99000   0.01013
Mn13   0.58000   0.42900   0.02100   1.00000   0.01013
Mn14   0.79700   0.45000   0.00100   1.00000   0.01013
Mn15   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000   0.96000   0.01013
O1   0.82000   0.49000   0.21000   1.00000   0.01520
O2   0.99000   0.54000   0.21000   1.00000   0.01520
O3   0.96000   0.41000   0.28000   1.00000   0.01520
O4   0.64000   0.51000   0.23000   1.00000   0.01520
O5   0.46000   0.56000   0.23000   1.00000   0.01520
O6   0.59000   0.65000   0.20000   1.00000   0.01520
O7   0.75000   0.74000   0.19000   1.00000   0.01520
O8   0.90000   0.67000   0.20000   1.00000   0.01520
O9   0.90000   0.82000   0.19000   1.00000   0.01520
O10   0.86000   0.96000   0.22000   1.00000   0.01520
O11   0.67000   0.97000   0.22000   1.00000   0.01520
O12   0.49000   0.93000   0.19000   1.00000   0.01520
O13   0.58000   0.80000   0.20000   1.00000   0.01520
O14   0.41000   0.80000   0.19000   1.00000   0.01520
O15   0.24000   0.74000   0.21000   1.00000   0.01520
O16   0.08000   0.67000   0.21000   1.00000   0.01520
O17   0.77000   0.09000   0.28000   1.00000   0.01520
O18   0.73000   0.39000   0.29000   1.00000   0.01520
O19   0.92000   0.92000   0.07000   1.00000   0.01520
O20   0.69000   0.88000   0.00000   1.00000   0.01520
O21   0.49000   0.85000   0.05000   1.00000   0.01520
O22   0.28000   0.81000   0.06000   1.00000   0.01520
O23   0.05000   0.79000   0.01000   1.00000   0.01520
O24   0.83000   0.75000   0.04000   1.00000   0.01520
O25   0.63000   0.73000   0.05000   1.00000   0.01520
O26   0.41000   0.68000   0.03000   1.00000   0.01520
O27   0.18000   0.65000   0.07000   1.00000   0.01520
O28   0.98000   0.62000   0.06000   1.00000   0.01520
O29   0.77000   0.57000   0.04000   1.00000   0.01520
O30   0.54000   0.54000   0.08000   1.00000   0.01520
O31   0.33000   0.51000   0.07000   1.00000   0.01520
O32   0.12000   0.47000   0.08000   1.00000   0.01520
O33   0.92000   0.43000   0.09000   1.00000   0.01520
O34   0.70000   0.41000   0.11000   1.00000   0.01520
O35   0.48000   0.37000   0.08000   1.00000   0.01520
O36   0.28000   0.34000   0.11000   1.00000   0.01520
O37   0.06000   0.29000   0.13000   1.00000   0.01520
O38   0.84000   0.24000   0.08000   1.00000   0.01520
O39   0.63000   0.22000   0.10000   1.00000   0.01520
O40   0.41000   0.17000   0.09000   1.00000   0.01520
O41   0.21000   0.12000   0.10000   1.00000   0.01520
O42   0.98000   0.10000   0.07000   1.00000   0.01520
O43   0.76000   0.06000   0.10000   1.00000   0.01520
O44   0.56000   0.03000   0.09000   1.00000   0.01520
O45   0.35000   0.98000   0.07000   1.00000   0.01520
O46   0.13000   0.96000   0.06000   1.00000   0.01520

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
7.25 Å	(90)
4.60 Å	(2)
4.40 Å	(2)
4.06 Å	(3)
3.97 Å	(4)
3.66 Å	(100)
3.58 Å	(90)
3.43 Å	(9)
3.30 Å	(6)
3.09 Å	(5)
3.01 Å	(2)
2.823 Å	(4)
2.722 Å	(4)
2.436 Å	(14)
2.212 Å	(2)
2.113 Å	(7)
2.099 Å	(6)
2.053 Å	(2)
1.859 Å	(2)
1.852 Å	(2)
1.828 Å	(4)
1.759 Å	(2)
1.639 Å	(2)
1.621 Å	(2)
1.478 Å	(2)

Comments:

ICDD PDF 25-546.
Very similar to pattern of innsbruckite.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits

Geological Setting:

Found in low-grade metamorphic manganese silicate deposits

Type Occurrence of BementiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Trotter Mine, Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

Pale grayish yellow stellate masses, resembling karpholite or pyrophyllite.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, number 115.290.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Zinc-iron oxide ore deposit hosted in marble.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Calcite

Synonyms of BementiteHide

Bementite (of Koenig)

Other Language Names for BementiteHide

German:Bementit

Russian:Бементит

Simplified Chinese:蜡硅锰矿

Spanish:Bementita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

15 photos of Bementite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
15 photos of Bementite associated with Willemite	Zn₂SiO₄
11 photos of Bementite associated with Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn[Si₅O₁₅]
8 photos of Bementite associated with Franklinite	Zn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
6 photos of Bementite associated with Cahnite	Ca₂[B(OH)₄](AsO₄)
6 photos of Bementite associated with Axinite-(Mn)	Ca₂Mn²⁺Al₂BSi₄O₁₅(OH)
6 photos of Bementite associated with Ganophyllite	(K,Na,Ca)₂Mn₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₂ · 8H₂O
4 photos of Bementite associated with Andradite	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
3 photos of Bementite associated with Sussexite	Mn²⁺BO₂(OH)
3 photos of Bementite associated with Rhodochrosite	MnCO₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.EE.	Cairncrossite	Sr₂Ca_7-xNa_2x(Si₄O₁₀)₄(OH)₂(H₂O)_15-x	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.07	Innsbruckite	Mn₃₃(Si₂O₅)₁₄(OH)₃₈	Mon. m : Bm
9.EE.10	Brokenhillite	Mn₈Si₆O₁₅(OH)₁₀	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
9.EE.10	Pyrosmalite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺₈Si₆O₁₅(OH,Cl)₁₀	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
9.EE.10	Friedelite	Mn²⁺₈Si₆O₁₅(OH,Cl)₁₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.10	Pyrosmalite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺₈Si₆O₁₅(OH,Cl)₁₀	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
9.EE.10	Mcgillite	(Mn,Fe)₈Si₆O₁₅(OH)₈Cl₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.15	Nelenite	(Mn,Fe)₁₆(Si₁₂O₃₀)(OH)₁₄[As³⁺₃O₆(OH)₃]	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
9.EE.15	Schallerite	Mn²⁺₁₆As₃Si₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₇	Trig. 3m : P3m1
9.EE.20	Palygorskite	◻Al₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20	Tuperssuatsiaite	Fe³⁺Fe³⁺₂(Na◻)◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20	Yofortierite	Mn²⁺Mn²⁺₂Mn²⁺₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20	Windhoekite	Fe³⁺(Fe³⁺_1.67◻_0.33)Ca₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄(OH)₂ · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20	Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate)	NaCa(Fe²⁺,Al,Mn)₅[Si₈O₁₉(OH)](OH)₇ · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.20	Windmountainite	◻Fe³⁺₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.25	Falcondoite	(Ni,Mg)₄Si₆O₁₅(OH)₂ · 6H₂O	Orth.
9.EE.25	Loughlinite	Na₂Mg₃Si₆O₁₆ · 8H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.EE.25	Sepiolite	Mg₄(Si₆O₁₅)(OH)₂ · 6H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnna
9.EE.25	Kalifersite	(K,Na)₅Fe³⁺₇Si₂₀O₅₀(OH)₆ · 12H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.30	Gyrolite	NaCa₁₆Si₂₃AlO₆₀(OH)₈ · 14H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.30	Orlymanite	Ca₄Mn₃Si₈O₂₀(OH)₆ · 2H₂O	Hex.
9.EE.30	Tungusite	Ca₄Fe₂Si₆O₁₅(OH)₆	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.35	Reyerite	(Na,K)₂Ca₁₄(Si,Al)₂₄O₅₈(OH)₈ · 6H₂O	Trig. 3 : P3
9.EE.35	Truscottite	(Ca,Mn)₁₄Si₂₄O₅₈(OH)₈ · 2H₂O	Trig.
9.EE.35	Kodamaite	Na₃(Ca₅Na)Si₁₆O₃₆(OH)₄F₂ · (14-x)H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.40	Natrosilite	Na₂Si₂O₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.EE.45	Makatite	Na₂Si₄O₈(OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.EE.50	Varennesite	Na₈Mn₂Si₁₀O₂₅(OH,Cl)₂ · 12H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.EE.55	Raite	Mn²⁺Mn²⁺₂Na₂(◻_1.75Ti_0.25)Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · Na(H₂O)₆	Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 2
9.EE.60	Intersilite	Na₆Mn²⁺Ti[Si₁₀O₂₄(OH)](OH)₃ · 4H₂O	Mon.
9.EE.65	Shafranovskite	Na₃K₂(Mn,Fe,Na)₄[Si₉(O,OH)₂₇](OH)₂ · nH₂O	Trig. 3m : P3 1c
9.EE.65	Zakharovite	Na₄Mn₅Si₁₀O₂₄(OH)₆ · 6H₂O	Trig. 3m
9.EE.70	Zeophyllite	Ca₁₃Si₁₀O₂₈(OH)₂F₈ · 6H₂O	Trig. 3 : R3
9.EE.75	Minehillite	(K,Na)_2-3Ca₂₈Zn₄Al₄Si₄₀O₁₁₂(OH)₁₆	Hex.
9.EE.80	Fedorite	(Na,K)_2-3(Ca₄Na₃)Si₁₆O₃₈(OH,F)₂ · 3.5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.80	Martinite	(Na,◻,Ca)₁₂Ca₄(Si,S,B)₁₄B₂O₃₈(OH,Cl)₂F₂ · 4H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.80	Ellingsenite	Na₅Ca₆Si₁₈O₃₈(OH)₁₃ · 6H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.85	Lalondeite	(Na,Ca)₆(Ca,Na)₃Si₁₆O₃₈(F,OH)₂ · 3H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1

Fluorescence of BementiteHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent in UV.

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Decomposed by hot acid, but does not gelatinize.
Fuses easily to a black glass.
In closed tube it gives abundant water at a red heat, changing its color to dark brown.
In a borax bead, the bead remains colorless at first, gradually changing to the characteristic manganese color.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BementiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-621.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Bementite on Webmineral

Look for Bementite on Wikipedia

Look for Bementite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for BementiteHide

Reference List:

Koenig, G.A. (1888) Preliminary note on a new mineral species from Franklin, N.J.. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1887, 310-311.

Pardee, J. T.; Larsen, E. S., Jr.; Steiger, George (1921): Bementite and neotocite from western Washington, with conclusions as to the identity of bementite and caryopilite. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 11, 25-32.

Larsen, E.S. (1925) The identity of ectropite and bementite. American Mineralogist, 10(11), 418-421.

Smitheringale, W.V. (1929) Notes on etching tests and X-ray examination of some manganese minerals. Economic Geology, 24(5), 481-505.

Shirozu, H., Hirowatari, F. (1955) Bementite from the Tokuzawa mine, Fukushima Prefecture. The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 39(6), 241-248.

Yoshimura, T., Shirozu, H., Hirowatari, F. (1958) Bementite and pyroxmangite from the Ichinomata mine, Kumamoto Prefecture. Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan, 3, 457-467 (in Japanese).

Ito, Kenzo (1961) Thermal transformation of bementite. The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 45 (6) 209-218 doi:10.2465/ganko1941.45.209

Heinrich, A. R., Eggleton, R. A. & Guggenheim, S. (1994): Structure and polytypism of bementite, a modulated layer silicate. American Mineralogist, 79, 91-106.

Krüger, H., Tropper, P., Haefeker, U., Kaindl, R., Tribus, M., Kahlenberg, V., Wikete, Ch., Fuchs, M. R. & Olieric, V. (2014): Innsbruckite, Mn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38 – a new mineral from the Tyrol, Austria. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1613-1627.

(2023) Bementite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for BementiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
New South Wales Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district ⓘ Broken Hill	Worner et al. (et al)

Austria
Tyrol Innsbruck-Land District Navis Staffelsee ⓘ Metamorphosed manganese ore lens	Kolitsch et al. (2019)
ⓘ Unterweg	BRANDSTÄTTER et al. (2015)
Trins ⓘ Kirchdachspitze ?	Kolitsch et al. (2021)
Lienz District Prägraten am Großvenediger Timmelbach valley ⓘ Wunwand (Wunspitze) ?	Kolitsch et al. (2017)

Brazil
Minas Gerais ⓘ Conselheiro Lafaiete	Min Rec 39:125-130
ⓘ Morro da Mina mine	acd.ufrj.br (2002)

China
Guangxi Baise Jingxi Co. ⓘ Chatun Mine	Yang Yuchun (1996)
Hunan Xiangtan ⓘ Yuhu District	Yang Yuchun (1996)
Shaanxi Ankang Ziyang County ⓘ Qujiashan Mine	Yang Yuchun (1996) +1 other reference
Hanzhong Xixiang County ⓘ Shuijingping Mn deposit	Pingyi Wan (2002)
Zhenba County ⓘ Liziya Mn deposit	Pingyi Wan (2002)
Sichuan Dazhou Wanyuan Co. ⓘ Dazhuhe Mn deposit	Pingyi Wan (2002)
ⓘ Haoziping Mn deposit	Pingyi Wan (2002)
Leshan Jinkouhe District ⓘ Dawashan Mn deposit	Fan et al. (1999)
Ya'an Hanyuan County ⓘ Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit	Fan et al. (1999)
Yunnan Dali Heqing County ⓘ Heqing Mn deposit	Zhangxiang Peng (1990)
ⓘ Xiaotianjing Mine	Yang Yuchun (1996)
Wenshan Yanshan County ⓘ Dounan Mine	Yang Yuchun (1996)

Czech Republic
Pardubice Region Pardubice District ⓘ Chvaletice	Prachař +6 other references

Italy
Liguria Genoa Ne ⓘ Molinello Mine	415. +1 other reference
Reppia ⓘ Gambatesa Mine	415. +1 other reference
Piedmont Cuneo Province Bellino ⓘ Maniglia Mt. Mine	Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference

Japan
Ehime Prefecture ⓘ Nagatani mine	Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Seiyo City Shirokawa ⓘ Ippo-Kagiyama mine	Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Fukushima Prefecture ⓘ Tokuzawa Mine	Shirozu et al. (1955)
Yama District Nishiaizu-machi ⓘ Kuratani mine	Fukuoka (1981)
Gifu Prefecture ⓘ Nagashima Mine	Donald E. Lee (1955)
Gunma Prefecture Kiryu City ⓘ Shohwa mine (Showa mine)	FUKUOKA et al. (1977) +1 other reference
Midori City Seta ⓘ Hagidaira mine	FUKUOKA et al. (1977)
ⓘ Hanawa mine	FUKUOKA et al. (1977) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rito mine (Ritoh mine)	FUKUOKA et al. (1977)
ⓘ Nakanoyama mine	FUKUOKA et al. (1977) +1 other reference
Hokkaidō Prefecture Okhotsk Subprefecture Kitami City ⓘ Kokuriki mine	Togari et al. (1987)
Hyogo Prefecture Yabu City Yabu-cho ⓘ Yamanaka mine	Fukuoka (1981)
Iwate Prefecture Kunohe-gun Noda ⓘ Noda-Tamagawa mine	Am Min (1955) +1 other reference
Miyako City ⓘ Hanawa mine	Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
Shimohei District Iwaizumi ⓘ Hijikuzu mine	Fukuoka (1981)
Kagoshima Prefecture Oshima District Setouchi-cho ⓘ Nishikata mine (Kudadon mine)	Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969)
ⓘ Nishikomi mine	Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969)
Yamato village ⓘ Yamato mine	Alfredo Petrov collection (December 2005 field trip)
Kochi Prefecture Kami city ⓘ Arase mine	M. Nakagawa et al. (2009)
ⓘ Matsuo mine	Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969) +1 other reference
ⓘ Nirou mine (Niro mine)	M. Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Kochi City ⓘ Kunimiyama mine	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Nankoku city ⓘ Ananai mine	Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto)
ⓘ Honomori deposit	M. Nakagawa et al. (2009)
ⓘ Toyama mine	M. Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Kumamoto Prefecture ⓘ Ichinomata Mine	Yoshimura et al. (1958)
Kyoto Prefecture ⓘ Mukaiyama mine	Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
Nantan City ⓘ Tamaiwa mine	Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969)
Mie Prefecture Ise City Shobu ⓘ Unnamed manganese deposit	www.issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp (1997) +1 other reference
Miyazaki Prefecture Nishiusuki District Takachiho ⓘ Akimoto mine	H. Momoi (1964)
ⓘ Toroku Mine	Fukuoka (1981)
Shiga Prefecture Gamo District ⓘ Yaei mine	Fukuoka (1981)
Ritto City ⓘ Ioi mine	Lee (1955) +1 other reference
Shimane Prefecture Kanoashi District Tsuwano ⓘ Toyoka mine	Fukuoka (1981)
Shizuoka Prefecture ⓘ Kurohime mine	H. Momoi (1964)
Tochigi Prefecture ⓘ Juuniyashima mine	Fukuoka (1981)
ⓘ Kuranosawa mine	Fukuoka (1981)
Tokushima Prefecture ⓘ Dosu mine	Yoshimura (1969) +1 other reference
Tokyo Metropolis Nishitama district Okutama-cho ⓘ Kiyokawa mine	N. Aikawa (1987)
ⓘ Ohsawa mine ?	Petrov (n.d.)
Yamaguchi Prefecture Iwakuni City ⓘ Renge mine	Lee (1955)
Kudamatsu City ⓘ Fukumaki mine	Fumitoshi HIROWATARI (1961) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kusugi Mine	Lee (1955)
ⓘ Takamori mine	Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
Yamanashi Prefecture Minamikoma District Minobu Shimobe ⓘ Kusama mine	...

Kazakhstan
Ulytau Region Karazhal ⓘ Ushkatyn deposits (Ushkatan)	Evseev (1995)

New Zealand
ⓘ Auckland Region	Railton et al. (1990)

Norway
Innlandet Lom ⓘ Roadcut Lom	Rune S. Selbekk (2010)

Poland
Lesser Poland Voivodeship Tatra County Chochołowska Valley ⓘ Huciska Glade ?	Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & EPMA data +1 other reference
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Wrocław County Gmina Kobierzyce ⓘ Pustków Wilczkowski	Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation)

Romania
Caraş-Severin County Brebu ⓘ Delineşti deposit	Hârtopanu et al. (1996)
Maramureș County Târgu Lăpuș ⓘ Răzoare	Udubasa et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Suceava County Cârlibaba Cârlibaba ⓘ Dadu Mn deposit	Hârtopanu et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Ciocănești Ciocănești ⓘ Oița Mn deposit	Munteanu (1993) +1 other reference
Iacobeni ⓘ Arșița mine	minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)

Russia
Komi Republic ⓘ Parnok Fe-Mn deposit (Parnokskoye deposit)	webmineral.ru (2020)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Sysertsky District Sedel'nikovo ⓘ Malosedel'nikovskoe deposit	Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000)
Ural Mountains ⓘ Polar Urals	Jocchen Hintze

Slovakia
Košice Region Gelnica District Smolník ⓘ Hekerová manganese deposit	Koděra (1986)
Rožňava District Čučma ⓘ Čierna Mine	Koděra (1986)

South Africa
Northern Cape John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Joe Morolong Local Municipality ⓘ Gloria Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
N'Chwaning Mines ⓘ N'Chwaning II Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Wessels Mine	Von Bezing (1991)

Sweden
Dalarna County Hedemora Garpenberg ⓘ Garpenberg Norra Mine	Grensman et al. (2001)
Örebro County Hällefors Grythyttan ⓘ Sjögruvan	Holtstam (2001)
Värmland County Filipstad Långban Ore District ⓘ Långban Mine	Holtstam et al. (1999)
Persberg ore district Pajsberg ⓘ Harstigen Mine	Palache et al. (1951)
Västmanland County Saladamm Ore field ⓘ Grindgruvan 1	Nysten (2020)
Västra Götaland County Åmål Strandhem ore field ⓘ Kesebol mine

Switzerland
Grisons Viamala Region Rheinwald Splügen ⓘ Tanatz Alp ?	Roth et al. (2013)

UK
England Cornwall Altarnun ⓘ Treburland Manganese deposits	[Specimen in the Natural History Museum +1 other reference
Devon West Devon Milton Abbot ⓘ Chillaton and Hogstor Mine

USA
Alaska Northwest Arctic Borough Shungnak Mining District ⓘ Bornite	Runnells (1964)
Valdez-Cordova Census Area Copper River Mining District ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - CV065; south-central Hinchinbrook Island)	- (2008)
Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area Amber Mining District ⓘ Ruby Creek	Am Min 49:158-165
Arizona Pinal County Scott Mountain ⓘ Ray Mine	Anthony et al. (1995)
Arkansas ⓘ Batesville Mining District	Howard (1987)
California Alameda County Livermore Mining District (Tesla District) Mendenhall Springs ⓘ Nelson Bailey Mine (Nelson lease; Bailey Mine; Newhall Mine)	Murdoch (1966)
Calaveras County Foothill Copper Belt Carmen City ⓘ Kellogg Mine (Kellogg property; Vanella Mine; Manilla property)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 411. +2 other references
Lightner Peak ⓘ Gorham prospect (Gorham deposit)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 411. +4 other references
West Belt Lost City ⓘ Big Little Bear Calaveras Manganese claim (Big Little Bear property; Big Little Bear Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 213 +3 other references
Glenn County Coastal Range Elephant Hill ⓘ K. B. No. 1 prospect (K.B. No. 1 claim) ?	- (2005)
Humboldt County Coastal Range Bridgeville ⓘ Charles Mountain Mine (Charles Mountain prospect; Charles Mountain deposit; Woods Mine; Woods claim; Weed; Hall)	Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
Shelter Cove ⓘ Queens Peak Mining Company	- (2005)
Mariposa County Coulterville Mining District Coulterville ⓘ Coulterville area	Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
West Belt Granite Springs Mining District Granite Springs ⓘ Caldwell Mine (Daly Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 412 +4 other references
Mendocino County Coastal Range Bell Springs ⓘ Linser Mine (Linser deposit)	Trask (1950) +1 other reference
Hearst Sanhedrin Mountain Mount Sanhedrin deposits (Impassable Rock deposit) ⓘ Rhodochrosite claim	Murdoch (1966)
Redwood Valley ⓘ Thomas Mine (Thomas deposit; Thomas Round Mountain; North Thomas Mine; Round Mountain)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 412. +2 other references
West Mayacmas Mining District Mahnke Peak ⓘ Pine Mountain prospect (Pine Mountain deposit; Pieta Creek prospect)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 412. +2 other references
Nevada County Spenceville Mining District Higgins Corner ⓘ Smith Mine (Smith prospect)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 413. +2 other references
Plumas County Moccasin ⓘ Dickie Bird Mine (Dickie Bird deposit)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 413. +2 other references
Mount Hough ⓘ Lost Soldier deposit (Lost Soldier Mine)	Trask (1950) +1 other reference
Riverside County Menifee Mining District (Auld Mining District) Menifee ⓘ Elsinore Manganese deposits	Cal Div of Mines & Geo Bulletin 189 " ...
Pinacate Mining District Lake Elsinore ⓘ Beal-McClellan property (Beal Mc Clellan property; Newport; Brum; Brum and Newport prospect; Newport Black Eagle; Elsinore property)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 413 +5 other references
San Benito County Fourth of July Spring ⓘ Chambers deposit [2] ?	- (2005)
Reinoso Peak ⓘ Hendricks Mine (Cleveland Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 413. +1 other reference
Stayton Mining District (McLeod Mining District; Panoche Mining District) Messic Mountain ⓘ Hawkins Mine (Hawkins Ranch)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 413. +3 other references
San Joaquin County Ladd-Buckeye Mining District Castle Rock ⓘ Fabian Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Ladd Mine (Old Ladd Mine; Corral Hollow Mine; Carral Hollow Mine)	Trask (1950) +3 other references
Eagle Mountain ⓘ Cummings Mine (Cummings lease; Section 13; Lone Tree; Winship property)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 413. +3 other references
Santa Clara County Black Wonder Mining District Red Mountain ⓘ Jones group (Jones property; Jones group Nos.1-9; Jones deposits East - I&II; Jones deposits West - No. III; IV; V)	Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
Sugarloaf Mountain ⓘ Pennsylvania Mine
Shasta County Klamath Mountains Harrison Gulch Mining District Dead Horse Ridge ⓘ Goat Camp claim	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 214 +3 other references
Sonoma County Coast Range Cazadero ⓘ Aho Mine (Aho property; Drum Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +3 other references
Stanislaus County Ladd-Buckeye Mining District Mount Oso ⓘ Buckeye Mine (Buckeye Mines; Wright Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +5 other references
Tehama County Klamath Mountains Tedoc Mountain ⓘ Manganese King Mine	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +2 other references
Trinity County Coastal Range ⓘ Bear Ridge deposit	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +2 other references
Chicago Rock ⓘ Yolla Bolly Mountain claims (Lonesome Pine; Black Diamond; Black Pearl; Bertha property; Dahrman claim; Emma claim; Emma property; Reliance and Superior claims)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +4 other references
Horsehead Mountain ⓘ Unnamed Mn occurrence [2]	Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
Kekawaka Shell View deposits (Shellview claims) ⓘ Shell View No. 1 deposit	- (2005)
ⓘ Shell View No. 2 deposit	- (2005)
Mad River Rock ⓘ Hale Creek Mine	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414 +4 other references
Neafus Peak ⓘ White prospect (Maple Springs; Maple Springs deposit; part of the Helmke Manganese group) ?	- (2005)
Pickett Peak ⓘ Brown Dog claim (1)	- (2005)
Shannon Butte ⓘ Armstrong property	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +4 other references
ⓘ Armstrong No. 2 prospect (Savage Nos. 2 and 3 prospects)	- (2005)
Three Forks ⓘ Blue Jay Mine (Blue Jay claim; Blue Bird Mine; McKnight; McKnight)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +8 other references
ⓘ Rainy Day claim (Rainy Day property)	Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
Van Horn Peak ⓘ Double-A prospect (Double A prospect)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +2 other references
ⓘ Darkman deposit	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +2 other references
Klamath Mountains Dubakella Mountain ⓘ Manganese Queen Mine (Manganese Queen property)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +3 other references
Hayfork Mining District Peanut ⓘ Unspecified Mn deposit [1]	Hewett et al. (1961) +1 other reference
Pony Buck Peak ⓘ Spider Mine (Spider claim; Spider prospect; Caudwell claim; Goat Camp claims)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +2 other references
Trinity Mountains Gozem Peak ⓘ Big Buck prospect (Munson group No. 1)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414. +2 other references
Upper Hayfork Creek area Red Mountain ⓘ Lucky Bill prospect (Lucky Bill property; Johnston; Old Bill Mine; Old Bill prospect; Old Bill property)	Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references
Tuolumne County Jacksonville Mining District Domingo Peak ⓘ Hughes Mine (Hughes property)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 215 +3 other references
Connecticut Litchfield County Salisbury ⓘ ~~Salisbury Mine (Brookpit; Old Hill Mine; Ore Hill Mine)~~	Januzzi et al. (1976)
ⓘ Scoville Mine ?	Januzzi et al. (1976)
Middlesex County Haddam ⓘ Jail Hill Road locality (Jail Hill Quarry) ?	Januzzi
Maine Aroostook County Castle Hill ⓘ Dudley Mine (Dudley manganese prospect)
T3 R9 WELS ⓘ Hovey Mountain Manganese Prospect
Massachusetts Hampshire County Plainfield ⓘ Betts Manganese Mines (Anson Betts Mine; Plainfield Manganese Mines; Taconic Manganese Mines)	Quinn (1945)
Nevada Elko County Hicks Mining District ⓘ Wicker Mine (Nevada Manganese Mine; Maggie's Knee Mine; Black Rock Manganese Mine)	USGS Open-File Report 76-56 +1 other reference
Humboldt County Black Diablo Mining District ⓘ Black Diablo Mine	Bonham et al. (1985)
ⓘ Black Diamond claim	- (2005)
ⓘ Golconda Mining District ?	Castor et al. (2004)
Pershing County Black Diablo Mining District ⓘ Black Diablo Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Sou Hot spring ?	Castor et al. (2004)
New Jersey Sussex County Franklin Franklin Mine ⓘ Mill site dump	FOMS Millsite Committee (1986)
ⓘ Trotter Mine (TL)	Koenig (1888) +1 other reference
Ogdensburg Sterling Hill ⓘ Sterling Mine	Dunn (1995)
ⓘ North Carolina
Alleghany County Sparta Bald Knob ⓘ Bald Knob deposit	Ross et al. (1932)
Washington Clallam County ⓘ Barnes Creek Prospect	Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference
ⓘ Bear Ridge Prospect	Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
ⓘ Bertha Prospect	Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
ⓘ Big River Manganese Occurrence	Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Chappie Prospect	Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
ⓘ F. and L. Prospects	Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
ⓘ Happy Lake Ridge Manganese Deposit	Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
ⓘ Hurricane Mine	Derkey et al. (1990, November)
ⓘ J & J and Sunset Prospect	Valentine et al. (1960)
Lake Crescent Area ⓘ Barbara Prospect	Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
ⓘ Bear Creek Mine	Derkey et al. (1990, November)
ⓘ Blue Eyes Claim	Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
ⓘ Clallam Claim	Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
ⓘ Crescent Mine	Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Daddy And Mother Prospect	Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
ⓘ Daisy Prospect	Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
ⓘ Ed B. Prospect	Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Helen Mine	Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
ⓘ June Prospect	Valentine et al. (1960)
ⓘ Littleton Mine	Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
ⓘ State Lease Prospect	Cannon (1975) +1 other reference
Grays Harbor County Humptulips ⓘ Star prospect	Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Phillips Creek Prospect	Cannon (1975)
Quinault Lake ⓘ Burnt Peak Mine (Burnt Mountain Mine; Burnt Hill Mine)	Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
ⓘ Egge Mine (Quinault Mine)	Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
ⓘ Ester-Irene Mine	Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Skunk Creek 19 Mine	Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
Jefferson County ⓘ Elkhorn Prospect	Cannon (1975) +2 other references
ⓘ Lucky Creek Prospect	Valentine et al. (1960)
ⓘ Tubal Cain Prospect	Cannon (1975)
Mason County ⓘ Black Hump Mine	Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
North Fork of the Skokomish River Area ⓘ Apex Prospect	Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Black and White Mine	Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references
ⓘ Triple Trip Mine	Cannon (1975)
Skagit County Fidalgo Island ⓘ Mountain Home Prospect	Cannon (1975) +1 other reference

Bementite

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