Bianchite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Bianchite
Formula:
Zn(SO4) · 6H2O
Colour:
White, Yellowish; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.03 - 2.07
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1930 by C. Andeatta in honor of Angelo Bianchi (20 December 1892, Casalpusterlengo, Italy - 24 September 1970, Padova, Italy), Italian mineralogist at the National Research Council (CNR) and the University of Padova.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
660
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:660:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
545b4b93-0d5a-471f-ba6b-9a25c89f2f1c
IMA Classification of Bianchite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Bianchite
7.CB.25
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.6.8.2
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
25.5.13
25 : Sulphates
5 : Sulphates of Zn and Hg
25 : Sulphates
5 : Sulphates of Zn and Hg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Bnc | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Bianchite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
White, Yellowish; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Density:
2.03 - 2.07 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.00 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Bianchite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.465 nβ = 1.494 nγ = 1.495
2V:
Measured: 10° , Calculated: 20°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.030
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; X ∧ c = –26°.
Chemistry of Bianchite
Mindat Formula:
Zn(SO4) · 6H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Bianchite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.09 Å, b = 7.2 Å, c = 24.49 Å
β = 98.27°
β = 98.27°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.401 : 1 : 3.401
Unit Cell V:
1,760.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crusts of indistinct crystals. Artificial crystals are tabular {001} with {110} and {112} prominent.
Twinning:
On {001} (common in artificial material).
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0019606 | Bianchite | Anderson J L, Peterson R C, Swainson I (2012) The atomic structure of deuterated boyleite ZnSO4*4D2O, ilesite MnSO4*4D2O, and bianchite ZnSO4*6D2O American Mineralogist 97 1905-1914 | 2012 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0018487 | Bianchite | Spiess M, Gruehn R (1979) Zur thermischen Dehydratisierung des ZnSO4*7H2O und zum Hochtemperaturverhalten von wasserfreiem ZnSO4 Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 456 222-240 | 1979 | synthetic, made by dehydration of ZnSO4*7H2O | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.42 Å | (100) |
4.03 Å | (90) |
2.965 Å | (80) |
2.911 Å | (80) |
5.47 Å | (70) |
3.61 Å | (60) |
5.85 Å | (50) |
Comments:
Boleslaw, Poland. ICDD 12-16.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Geological Setting:
Post mining mineral, alteration of sulfides.
Type Occurrence of Bianchite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Istituto di Mineralogia e Petrografia dell’Università, Padova, Italy, number 1039/1774.
Other Language Names for Bianchite
Relationship of Bianchite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Chvaleticeite | Mn(SO4) · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Ferrohexahydrite | FeSO4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Moorhouseite | Co(SO4) · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Nickelhexahydrite | Ni(SO4) · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Bianchite associated with Greenockite | CdS |
1 photo of Bianchite associated with Ktenasite | ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
1 photo of Bianchite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
1 photo of Bianchite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
7.CB.15 | Aplowite | (Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Ilesite | (Mn,Zn,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | FeSO4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni(SO4) · 6H2O |
7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.35 | Bieberite | CoSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Boothite | CuSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Mallardite | MnSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | (Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu)(SO4) · 7H2O |
7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | 3CdSO4 · 8H2O |
7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
7.CB.57 | Caichengyunite | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | (Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | (Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Bianchite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-660.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Bianchite
Reference List:
Localities for Bianchite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Ashley et al. (1999) |
| R Bottrrill |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
Bolivia | |
| Joan Martinez-Bofill et al. (2021) |
Bulgaria | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Canada | |
| Anderson et al. (2012) |
| Rocks & Min 81:1 pp 24-32 |
| Gait et al. (1990) |
Cape Verde | |
| Silva et al. (2019) |
Finland | |
| I. Mikkola Collection |
Germany | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Jambor et al. (1962) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| SEM-EDS and XRD by Joy Desor and ... |
Greece | |
| Gröbner (2001) |
| |
| Krause et al. (2006) |
| Triantafyllidis et al. (2007) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll S. |
Italy (TL) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Fiori et al. (1999) |
Forti P. (1985) | |
| Anderson et al. (2012) |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
Bazzoni et al. (2001) | |
Norway | |
| Raade (1970) +2 other references |
Poland | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Cabała et al. (2008) |
| Bril et al. (2008) |
Romania | |
| Buzatu et al. (2012) |
| Januszewska et al. (2023) |
Russia | |
| Bortnikova et al. (2017) |
| E. Shcherbakova et al. : "The rarest ... |
| Zhdanov Yu.Ya. (1998) |
Switzerland | |
| XRD Analyses by N. Meisser +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Palumbo-Roe et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Graeme (1981) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Adams (2017) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Mineralogical Society of America - ... | |
| Jenkins & Misiur: Mineralogical Record: 25:95-102 (1994) +2 other references |
| Rocks & Min.: 6:26 +4 other references |
| Dietrich (1990) |
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Jean Baptiste Mine, Kamariza Mines, Agios Konstantinos, Lavrion mining district, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece