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Zoraptera

Description

The insect order Zoraptera, commonly known as angel insects, contains a single family, the Zorotypidae, which in turn contains one extant genus Zorotypus with 44 extant species and 11 species known from fossils. They are small and soft bodied insects with two forms: winged with wings sheddable as in termites, dark and with eyes (compound) and ocelli (simple); or wingless, pale and without eyes or ocelli. They have a characteristic nine-segmented beaded (moniliform) antenna. They have mouthparts adapted for chewing and are mostly found under bark, in dry wood or in leaf litter.


From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoraptera, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)1229https://www.gbif.org/species/1229
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)183857https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=183857
Rankorder
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Zoraptera
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-Bilateria
-EubilateriaAx 1987
-ProtostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ecdysozoa
-Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumMandibulata
-Pancrustacea
superclassHexapodaLatreille 1825
-CercofilataKukalová-Peck 1987
classInsectaLinnaeus 1758
-Dicondylia
-ParanotaliaSroka et al. 2014
subclassPterygotaBrauer 1885
-NeopterygotaCrampton 1924
infraclassNeopteraMartynov 1923
-PolyneopteraMartynov 1938
-HaplocercataTerry and Whiting 2005
orderZorapteraSilvestri 1913
Scientific NameZoraptera
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Zorapteraorderbelongs to Blattopteroideastated with evidenceSharov, 1968
Zorapteraorderbelongs to Blattoneopterastated with evidenceKukalová-Peck and Lawrence, 2004
Zorapteraorderbelongs to Mystropterastated with evidenceEades, 2012
Zorapteraorderbelongs to Polyneopterastated with evidenceMisof et al., 2014
Zorapteraorderbelongs to Haplocercatastated with evidenceWipfler et al., 2019
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)22
Extant Size (PBDB)4 (18%)
First Recorded Appearance113 - 101 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Insecta)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Arthropoda)
Taphonomychitin (based on Insecta)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. Kukalová-Peck and J. F. Lawrence. 2004. Relationships among coleopteran suborders and major endoneopteran lineages: Evidence from hind wing characters. European Journal of Entomology 101:95-144
Common Name(s) Angel Insects, Zorapterans, Zorápteros
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoraptera

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Zorotypidae
family		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)		18113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous		0 Ma
Extant

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1913Zoraptera Silvestri
1968Zoraptera Sharov
2004Zoraptera Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence
2012Zoraptera Eades
2014Zoraptera Misof et al.
2019Zoraptera Wipfler et al.

References

Kukalová-Peck J., Lawrence J. F. (2004) Relationships among coleopteran suborders and major endoneopteran lineages: Evidence from hind wing characters, European Journal of Entomology 101, 95-144
Sharov A. G. (1968) Filogeniya ortopteroidnykh nasekomykh, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 118, 1-216
Eades D. (2012) , Polyneoptera Species File
Misof B., Liu S. L., et al (2014) Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution, Science 346, 763-767
Wipfler B., Letsch H., et al (2019) Evolutionary history of Polyneoptera and its implications for our understanding of early winged insects, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Choe. 1992. In Quintero & Aiello [Ed.]. Zoraptera of Panama with a review of the morphology, systematics, and biology of the order. Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: selected studies, Oxford University Press, Oxford 249-256 - via Zoraptera Species File
Choe. 1997. In Choe & Crespi [Ed.]. The evolution of mating systems in insects and arachnids. The evolution of mating systems in the Zoraptera: mating variations and sexual conflicts 130-145 - via Zoraptera Species File
Engel & Grimaldi. 2000. A Winged Zorotypus in Miocene Amber from the Dominican Republic (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), with Discussion on Relationships of and within the Order. Acta Geologica Hispanica 35(1):149-164 - via Zoraptera Species File
Engel & Grimaldi. 2002. The first Mesozoic Zoraptera (Insecta). American Museum Novitates 3362:1-20 - via Zoraptera Species File
Engel. 2008. A new apterous Zorotypus in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) . Acta Entomologica Slovenica 16(2):127-136 - via Zoraptera Species File
New. 1998. Zoraptera. Zoological Catalogue of Australia (Zoo. Cat. of Aust.) 23:393-396, 459 - via Zoraptera Species File
Wheeler, W. C., Whiting, Q. D. Wheeler & J. M. Carpenter. 2001. The phylogeny of the extant hexapod orders. Cladistics (Clad) 17(2):113-169 - via Zoraptera Species File
Yoshizawa & Johnson. 2005. Aligned 18S for Zoraptera (Insecta): phylogenetic position and molecular evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37(2):572-580 - via Zoraptera Species File
Yoshizawa. 2007. The Zoraptera problem: evidence for Zoraptera + Embiodea from the wing base. Systematic Entomology 32:197-204 - via Zoraptera Species File
Beutel & Gorb. 2006. A revised interpretation of the evolution of attachment structures in Hexapoda with special emphasis on Mantophasmatodea. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 64(1):3-25 - via Zoraptera Species File
Carpenter, F. M. 1992. In Kaesler [Ed.]. Part R Arthropoda 4. Volume 3: Superclass Hexapoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas 200 - via Zoraptera Species File
Dallai, Gottardo, Mercati, Machida, Mashimo, Matsumura & Beutel. 2013. Divergent mating patterns and a unique mode of external sperm transfer in Zoraptera: an enigmatic group of pterygote insects. Naturwissenschaften (Naturwiss.) 100(6):581-594 - via Zoraptera Species File
Engel. 2003. In Klass [Ed.]. Proceedings of the First Dresden meeting on insect phylogeny: "Phylogenetic Relationships within the Insect Orders" (Dresden, September 19-21, 2003). Phylogeny of the Zoraptera. Entomologische Abhandlungen 61(2):147-148 - via Zoraptera Species File
Engel. 2007. The Zorotypidae of Fiji (Zoraptera). Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawaii 91:33-38 - via Zoraptera Species File
Hubbard. 1990. A catalog of the Order Zoraptera (Insecta). Insecta Mundi 4:49-66 - via Zoraptera Species File
Mashimo, Yoshizawa, Engel, Abd. Ghani, Dallai, Beutel & Machida. 2013. Zorotypus in Peninsular Malaysia (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3717(4):498-514 - via Zoraptera Species File
Simon, Narechania, DeSalle & Hadrys. 2012. Insect Phylogenomics: Exploring the Source of Incongruence Using New Transcriptomic Data. Genome Biology and Evolution (GBE) 4(12):1295-1309 - via Zoraptera Species File
Terry & Whiting. 2005. Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects. Cladistics (Clad) 21(3):240-257 - via Zoraptera Species File
Terry & Whiting. 2012. Zorotypus novobritannicus n. sp., the first species of the order Zoraptera (Zorotypidae) from the Australasian Ecozone. Zootaxa 3260:53-61 - via Zoraptera Species File
Caudell. 1920. Zoraptera not an apterous order. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington) 22:84-97 - via Zoraptera Species File
Grimaldi & Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects, Cambridge University Press, New York 1467, 147, 199-201 - via Zoraptera Species File
Kluge. 2012. General system of Neoptera with description of a new species of Embioptera. Russian Entomological Journal (REJ) 21(4):371-384 - via Zoraptera Species File
Labandeira. 1994. A Compendium of Fossil Insect Families. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 88:24 - via Zoraptera Species File
Rafael & Engel. 2006. A new species of Zorotypus from central Amazonia, Brazil (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae). American Museum Novitates 3528:1-11 - via Zoraptera Species File
Ferreira Ribeiro, Magalhaes, Rafael & Henriques. 2009. Catalogue of type specimens of the Collection of Invertebrates of Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil. III. Hexapoda: Isoptera, Mantodea, Mecoptera, Orthoptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Zoraptera. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (Rev Bra de Ent) 53(1):34 - via Zoraptera Species File
Klass. 2007. Die Stammesgeschichte der Hexapoden: eine kritische Diskussion neuerer Daten und Hypothesen [The phylogenetic history of hexapods: a critical discussion of recent data and hypotheses]. Denisia 20:413-450 - via Zoraptera Species File
Kukalova-Peck & Peck. 1993. Zoraptera wing structures: evidence for new genera and relationship with blattoid orders (Insecta: Blattoneoptera). Systematic Entomology 18(4):333-350 - via Zoraptera Species File
Letsch & Simon. 2013. Insect phylogenomics: new insights on the relationships of lower neopteran orders (Polyneoptera). Systematic Entomology 38:783-793 - via Zoraptera Species File
Ma, Y. Wang, Wu, Kang & Liu. 2014. The compact mitochondrial genome of Zorotypus medoensis provides insights into phylogenetic position of Zoraptera. BMC Genomics 15:1156 - via Zoraptera Species File
New. 1978. Notes on Neotropical Zoraptera, with descriptions of two new species. Systematic Entomology 3:361-370 - via Zoraptera Species File
Rasnitsyn. 1998. On the Taxonomic Position of the Insect Order Zortypida = Zoraptera. Zoologischer Anzeiger (Zool. Anz.) 237:185-194 - via Zoraptera Species File
Silvestri. 1913. Descrizione di un nuovo ordine di insetti. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d' Agricoltura in Portici (Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. agr. Portici) 7:195 - via Zoraptera Species File
Yoshizawa. 2011. Monophyletic Polyneoptera recovered by wing base structure. Systematic Entomology 36(3):377-394 - via Zoraptera Species File
Yuan, F. & X. Yuan. 2006. Research advances on phylogeny of Hexapoda with a new classification system. Entomotaxonomia (Entotax) 28(1):1-12 - via Zoraptera Species File
Zompro. 2005. Inter- and intra-ordinal relationships of the Mantophasmatodea, with comments on the phylogeny of polyneopteran orders (Insecta: Polyneoptera). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaeontologischen Institut der Universitaet Hamburg 89:85-116 - via Zoraptera Species File
Hubbard, Michael D., 1990: A catalog of the order Zoraptera (Insecta). Insecta Mundi, vol. 4, no. 1-4. 49-66. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Engel, Michael S., 2000: A new Zorotypus from Peru, with notes on related neotropical species (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, vol. 73, no. 1. 11-20. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Engel, M. S., and D. A. Grimaldi, 2000: A winged Zorotypus in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), with discussion on relationships of and within the order. Acta Geologica Hispanica, vol. 35, no. 1. 149-164. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Brusca, Richard C., and Gary J. Brusca, 2002: null. Invertebrates, Second Edition. xx + 936. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
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