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Ixodida

Description

Ticks (Ixodida) are arachnids, typically 3 to 5 mm long, part of the superorder Parasitiformes. Along with mites, they constitute the subclass Acari. Ticks are external parasites, living by feeding on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. Ticks evolved by the Cretaceous period, the most common form of fossilisation being amber immersion. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)1425https://www.gbif.org/species/1425
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)189897https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=189897
Rankorder (GBIF)
suborder (PBDB)
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Ixodida
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Parasitiformes : Ixodida
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-Bilateria
-EubilateriaAx 1987
-ProtostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ecdysozoa
-Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumChelicerataHeymons 1901
-EuchelicerataWeygoldt and Paulus 1979
-ProsomapodaLamsdell 2013
classXiphosura
orderXiphosuridaLatreille 1802
-PlanatergaLamsdell 2013
-DekatriataLamsdell 2013
-SclerophorataKamenz et al. 2011
classArachnidaLamarck 1801
orderParasitiformes
orderIxodida
Common Nametick
Scientific NameIxodida
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Ixodidaorderbelongs to Acaristated without evidenceKlompen and Grimaldi, 2001
Ixodidasuborderbelongs to Parasitiformesstated with evidenceDunlop et al., 2013
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)16
Extant Size (PBDB)7 (44%)
First Recorded Appearance99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Arachnida)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Arachnida)
Visionlimited (based on Xiphosurida)
Dietcarnivore (based on Xiphosura)
Taphonomychitin (based on Arachnida)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. A. Dunlop, D. Penney, and D. Jekel. 2013. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In N. Platnick (ed.), The World Spider Catalog, version 14.0. American Museum of Natural History
Common Name(s) Fästingar, Tick, Ticks
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodida

External Images

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Ixodoidea
superfamily
listed (PBDB)599.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Amblyommidae
family
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Argasidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Soft Tick293.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Deinocrotonidae âśť
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
199.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
99.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ixodidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Hard Tick399.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Nuttalliellidae
family
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1815Ixodida Leach
2001Ixodida Klompen and Grimaldi
2013Ixodida Dunlop et al. p. 58

References

Dunlop J. A., Penney D., et al (2013) A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives, The World Spider Catalog, version 14.0. American Museum of Natural History
Klompen H., Grimaldi D. (2001) First Mesozoic Record of a Parasitiform Mite: a Larval Argasid Tick in Cretaceous Amber (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae), Annals of the Entomological Society of America 94 1, 10-15 doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0010:FMROAP]2.0.CO;2
Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Beaulieu, F. (2011) Parasitiformes Reuter, 1909. In: Zhang Z-Q, editor. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Krantz, G.W.; Walter, D.E. (2009). A Manual of Acarology. Third Edition. Texas Tech University Press; Lubbock, Texas, 807 pp, ISBN 978-0-89672-620-8. - via World Register of Marine Species
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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