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Bos taurus

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Description

Cattle, or cows, are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos taurus.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_taurus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2441022	https://www.gbif.org/species/2441022
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	104264	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104264

Rank

species

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bos : Bos taurus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bos : Bos taurus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
order	Artiodactyla	Owen 1848
-	Ruminantiamorpha	Spaulding et al. 2009
-	Ruminantia
-	Pecora
family	Bovidae	Gray 1821
subfamily	Bovinae
tribe	Bovini	Gray 1821
genus	Bos	Linnaeus 1758
species	Bos taurus	Linnaeus 1758

Generic Name

Bos

Common Name

cow

Scientific Name

Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.71

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Bos taurus	species	belongs to Bos	stated without evidence	Linnaeus, 1758
Bos taurus	species	belongs to Bos	stated with evidence	Thomas, 1911
Bos taurus	species	belongs to Bos	stated without evidence	Agnarsson and May-Collado, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

1 (100%)

First Recorded Appearance

16.0 - 0.8 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

grazer, browser (based on Bovidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Bovidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824

Common Name(s)

Aurochs, Urus, Nötkreatur, Cow, Wildrind, Domestic Cattle (feral), Domesticated Cattle, Hausrind, Cattle, Bovine, Dairy Cow, Domestic Cattle, Domestic Cow

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_taurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)
Bos taurus indicus subspecies	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bos taurus primigenius subspecies	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bos taurus taurus subspecies	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Bos taurus Linnaeus p. 71
1860	Bos taurus Leidy p. 110
1911	Bos taurus Thomas p. 154
1999	Bos taurus Hassanin and Douzery p. 899
2008	Bos taurus Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 979 figs. Fig. 5

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542

Leidy J. Description of Vertebrate Fossils, Post-Pleiocene Fossils of South-Carolina, 99-122

Thomas O. (1911) The Mammals of the Tenth Edition of Linnaeus; an Attempt to fix the Types of the Genera and the exact Bases and Localities of the Species, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 81 1, 120-158 doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1911.tb06995.x

Hassanin A., Douzery E. J. P. (1999) Evolutionary affinities of the enigmatic saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) in the context of the molecular phylogeny of Bovidae, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 266, 893-900

Agnarsson I., May-Collado L. J. (2008) The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: The importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, 964-985

Wilson, D.M (eds) (2005) Mammal Species of the World. 3rd ed. The John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

(1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2 - via Catalogue of Life

Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life

Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Direction 22 Addition to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology of (a) the specific names of fifty-seven species, each of which is the type species of a genus in the class Mammalia, the name of which was placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology in the period up to the end of 1936, and (B) of the specific names of two species belonging to the same class, each of which is currently regarded as the oldest available name for the type species of a genus, the name of which was placed on the Official List in the same period.Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1C(C13), 179-200 (1955) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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