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Accipitridae

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Description

The Accipitridae, one of the four families within the order Accipitriformes (the others being Cathartidae, Pandionidae and Sagittariidae), are a family of small to large birds with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet. They feed on a range of prey items from insects to medium-sized mammals, with a number feeding on carrion and a few feeding on fruit. The Accipitridae have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found on all the world's continents (except Antarctica) and a number of oceanic island groups. Some species are migratory.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accipitridae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2877	https://www.gbif.org/species/2877
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39323	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39323

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
order	Accipitriformes	Vieillot 1816
family	Accipitridae	Viellot 1816

Common Name

hawk

Scientific Name

Accipitridae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Falcones	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Accipitriformes	stated without evidence	Olson and James, 1982
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Falconiformes	stated without evidence	Howard, 1982
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Falconiformes	implied	Carroll, 1988
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Accipitriformes	stated without evidence	Alcover, 1989
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Falconiformes	stated with evidence	Olson and James, 1991
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Accipitriformes	stated without evidence	Baird, 1992
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Falconiformes	stated without evidence	Guthrie, 1992
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Accipitriformes	stated without evidence	Worthy et al., 2007
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Accipitroidea	stated with evidence	Livezey and Zusi, 2007
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Accipitriformes	stated without evidence	Mourer-Chauviré, 2008
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Falconiformes	stated without evidence	Louchart et al., 2008
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Accipitriformes	stated without evidence	del Hoyo et al., 2014
Accipitridae	family	belongs to Accipitriformes	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

207

Extant Size (PBDB)

112 (54%)

First Recorded Appearance

50.3 - 46.2 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Hökartade Rovfåglar, Hökfåglar, Eagles, Hawks, Kites, Aigles, Buses, éperviers, Haviken En Arenden, Hawks, Eagles, And Relatives, Hawk, Hawks, Eagles, Haukefamilien, Haviken En Sperwers, Osprey, Fish Eagles, Vultures & Allies, タカ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accipitridae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Accipitrinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Aegypiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Old World Vulture	11	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Aquilinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Buteoninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Hawk	8	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Circinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Elaninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Gypaetinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		4	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Milvinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		4	24.8 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Accipiter genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		85	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Aegypius genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Amplibuteo ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Anchigyps ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	13.6 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Apatosagittarius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	13.6 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Aquila genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eagle	53	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Aquilavus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Astur genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Asturina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aviceda genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Busarellus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Butastur genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Buteo genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Hawk	128	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Buteogallus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Black-hawks	8	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Calohierax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Chelictinia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Chondrohierax genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Circaetus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Circus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Harrier	26	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Clanga genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Dryotriorchis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Elanoides genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Elanus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Erythrotriorchis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Eutriorchis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gampsonyx genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gansugyps ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	7.75 Ma Miocene	7.75 Ma Miocene
Geranoaetus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Buzzard-eagle	9	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Geranospiza genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gypaetus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Gypohierax genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Gyps genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Vulture	10	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Haliaeetus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		50	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Haliaetus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Haliastur genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Hamirostra genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Harpagornis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Harpagus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Harpia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Harpyhaliaetus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Harpyopsis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Helicolestes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Henicopernis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hieraaetus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Icthyophaga genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ictinaetus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ictinia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Kite	3	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Kaupifalco genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Leptodon genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Leucopternis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lophaetus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lophoictinia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lophotriorchis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Macheiramphus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Megatriorchis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Melierax genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Micronisus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Milvoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Milvus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Miohierax genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	30.8 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Miraquila ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eagle	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Morphnus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Crested Eagle			0 Ma Extant
Necrastur ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Necrosyrtes genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Neogyps ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Neophron genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Neophrontops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	20.4 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Nisaetus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Palaeastur ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	24.8 Ma Oligocene	24.8 Ma Oligocene
Palaeoborus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Palaeohierax ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Palaeolestes ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Palaetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parabuteo genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Percnohierax genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pernis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pithecophaga genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Polemaetus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Polyboroides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Proictinia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Promilio ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	24.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Rostrhamus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rupornis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sarcogyps genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spilornis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spizaetus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Hawk-eagle	10	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Stephanoaetus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Terathopius genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Titanohierax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Torgos genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trigonoceps genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Uroaetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Urotriorchis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Urubitinga genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Black Hawk	1	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Vulturidarum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cerchneis alopex species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cerchneis guttata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cerchneis intercedens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cerchneis rupicolaeformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cerchneis taeniura species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Doedalion candidum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Doedalion pictum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Falco albicans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Falco dalmatinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Falco funereus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Falco hydrophilus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Falco polyzonus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Urbitinga milleri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Urospizias sumbaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1816	Accipitridae Viellot
1933	Accipitridae Lambrecht p. 401
1982	Accipitridae Howard p. 10
1982	Accipitridae Olson and James p. 35
1987	Accipitridae Rasmussen et al. p. 4
1988	Accipitridae Carroll
1989	Accipitridae Alcover p. 98
1990	Accipitridae Bickart p. 40
1991	Accipitridae Olson and James p. 62
1992	Accipitridae Baird p. 24
1992	Accipitridae Emslie p. 258

Year	Name and Author
1992	Accipitridae Guthrie p. 322
1992	Accipitridae Parmalee p. 310
2001	Accipitridae Olson and Rasmussen p. 297
2006	Accipitridae Walker and Dyke p. 95
2007	Accipitridae Livezey and Zusi p. 93
2007	Accipitridae Worthy et al. p. 20
2008	Accipitridae Louchart et al. p. 159
2008	Accipitridae Mourer-Chauviré
2010	Accipitridae Zhang et al. p. 402
2014	Accipitridae del Hoyo et al.
2017	Accipitridae Clements et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Howard H. (1982) Fossil birds from Tertiary marine beds at Oceanside, San Diego County, California, with discriptions of two species of the genera Uria and Cepphus (Aves: Alcidae), Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 341, 1-15

Olson S. L., James H. F. (1982) Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 365, 1-59

Rasmussen D. T., Olson S. L., et al (1987) Fossil Birds from the Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Province, Egypt, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 62, 1-20

Alcover J. A. (1989) Les Aus fossils de la cova de Ca Na Reia, Endins 14-15, 95-100

Bickart K. J. (1990) The birds of the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene Big Sandy Formation, Mohave County, Arizona, Ornithological Monographs 44, 1-72

Olson S. L., James H. F. (1991) Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part I. Non-Passeriformes, Ornithological Monographs 45, 1-88

Baird R. F. (1992) Fossil avian assemblage of Pitfall Origin from Holocene sediments in Amphitheatre Cave (G-2), South-western Victoria, Australia, Records of the Australian Museum 44, 21-44

Emslie S. D. (1992) Two new late Blancan avifaunas from Florida and the extinction of wetland birds in the Plio-Pleistocene, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 36, 249-269

Guthrie D. A. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from San Miguel Island, California, Science Series (Los Angeles) 36, 319-327

Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318

Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365

Walker C. A., Dyke G. J. (2006) New records of fossil birds of prey from the Miocene of Kenya, Historical Biology 18 2, 95-98 doi:10.1080/08912960600639434

Livezey B. C., Zusi R. L. (2007) Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 1, 1-95

Worthy T. H., Tennyson A. J. D., et al (2007) Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5 1, 1-39

Louchart A., Haile-Selassie Y., et al (2008) Fossil birds from the Late Miocene of Chad and Ethiopia and zooge- ographical implications, Oryctos 7, 147-167

Zhang Z., Zheng X., et al (2010) A new Old World vulture (Falconiformes: Accipitridae) from the Miocene of Gansu Province, northwest China, Journal of Ornithology 151 2, 401-408 doi:10.1007/s10336-009-0468-1

del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Gill, B.J. & al. (+ 7 authors) (2010) Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. 4 th edition. Wellington, Te Papa Press and Ornithological Society of New Zealand. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Web Search (marine) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Gill, D. (eds.) (2015) IOC World Bird List (v 5.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.5.1. Online: http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Skutch, A. F. (1947) The Castlebuilder - via Colaboraciones Americanas Sobre Aves

Larsson, L., Ekström, G., Larsson, E. & Gandemo, M. (2007) Birds of the World, 2:a uppl. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Grinbergs,A. R. (1963) Nekotorye dannye o faune peroedov ptic semejstv Accipitridae v Latvii - via Phthiraptera.info

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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