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Viverravidae ✝

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Description

Viverravidae is an extinct family within the superfamily Miacoidea. They are related to carnivorans, and lived from the early Palaeocene to the Eocene.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viverravidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3240024	https://www.gbif.org/species/3240024
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40992	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40992

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverravidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Viverravidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
family	Viverravidae	Wortman and Matthew 1899

Scientific Name

Viverravidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Viverravidae	family	belongs to Creodonta	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Viverravidae	family	belongs to Viverravoidea	stated with evidence	Flynn and Galiano, 1982
Viverravidae	family	belongs to Feliformia	stated with evidence	Bryant, 1991
Viverravidae	family	belongs to Miacoidea	stated without evidence	Flynn, 1998
Viverravidae	family	belongs to Carnivoramorpha	stated with evidence	Wesley-Hunt and Werdelin, 2005
Viverravidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	stated with evidence	Polly et al., 2006
Viverravidae	family	belongs to Carnivoramorpha	stated with evidence	Tomiya, 2011
Viverravidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Rose et al., 2012
Viverravidae	family	belongs to Carnivoramorpha	stated with evidence	Solé et al., 2016

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

66.0 - 63.3 Ma
Paleocene

Last Recorded Appearance

37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. L. Wortman and W. D. Matthew. 1899. The ancestry of certain members of the Canidae, the Viverridae, and Procyonidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12(6):109-138

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viverravidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Bryanictis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Didymictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		348	61.7 Ma Paleocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Ictidopappus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	63.3 Ma Paleocene	63.3 Ma Paleocene
Intyrictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	63.3 Ma Paleocene	63.3 Ma Paleocene
Orientictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Pappictidops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Preonictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Pristinictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	61.7 Ma Paleocene	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Protictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		64	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	46.2 Ma Eocene
Protictoides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Raphictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	61.7 Ma Paleocene	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Simamphicyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	41.3 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Simpsonictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	63.3 Ma Paleocene	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Tapocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	46.2 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Variviverra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Viverravus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		338	61.7 Ma Paleocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Viverriscus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Prolimnocyon durini (Van Valen, 1978)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverravidae : *Prolimnocyon durini*
Deltatherium durini (Van Valen, 1978)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverravidae : *Deltatherium durini*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1899	Viverravidae Wortman and Matthew p. 136
1902	Viverravidae Hay p. 754
1978	Deltatherium durini Van Valen
1982	Didymictidae Flynn and Galiano p. 24
1982	Viverravidae Flynn and Galiano p. 47
1991	Viverravidae Bryant p. 67
1993	Prolimnocyon durini Williamson and Lucas
1998	Didymictidae Flynn

Year	Name and Author
1998	Viverravidae Flynn
2002	Viverravidae Meehan and Wilson p. 1091
2005	Viverravidae Wesley-Hunt and Werdelin p. 842
2006	Viverravidae Polly et al. p. 1023
2011	Viverravidae Tomiya p. 14
2012	Viverravidae Rose et al.
2016	Viverravidae Solé et al.

References

Wortman J. L., Matthew W. D. The ancestry of certain members of the Canidae, the Viverridae, and Procyonidae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12 6, 109-138

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Van Valen L. M. (1978) The beginning of the Age of Mammals, Evolutionary Theory 4, 45-80

Flynn J. J., Galiano H. (1982) Phylogeny of early Tertiary Carnivora, with a description of a new species of Protictis from the middle Eocene of northwestern Wyoming, American Museum Novitates 2725, 1-64

Bryant H. N. (1991) Phylogenetic relationships and systematics of the Nimravidae (Carnivora), Journal of Mammalogy 72 1, 56-78

Williamson T. E., Lucas S. G. (1993) Paleocene vertebrate paleontology of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletin 2, 105-136

Flynn J. J. (1998) Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea"), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 110-123

Meehan T. J., Wilson R. W. (2002) New viverravids from the Torrejonian (Middle Paleocene) of Kutz Canyon, New Mexico and the oldest skull of the order Carnivora, Journal of Paleontology 76 6, 1091-1101

Wesley-Hunt G. D., Werdelin L. (2005) Basicranial morphology and phylogenetic position of the upper Eocene carnivoramorphan Quercygale, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 4, 837-846

Polly P. D., Wesley-Hunt G. D., et al (2006) Earliest known carnivoran auditory bulla and support for a recent origin of crown-group Carnivora (Eutheria, Mammalia), Palaeontology 49 5, 1019-1027

Tomiya S. (2011) A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans, PLoS ONE 6 9, e24146 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146

Rose K. D., Chew A. E., et al (2012) Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36, 1-122

Solé F., Smith T., et al (2016) New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 2, e1082480:1-19

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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