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Amphicyonidae
Description | Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of large terrestrial carnivorans belonging to the suborder Caniformia which inhabited North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa from the Middle Eocene subepoch to the Pliocene epoch 42–2.6 Mya, existing for about 39.4 million years. Amphicyonids are often colloquially referred to as "bear-dogs". They are closely related to true dogs (Canidae) and a little less related to bears (Ursidae). From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphicyonidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Source Data |
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Rank | family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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Common Name | bear-dog | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scientific Name | Amphicyonidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opinions (PBDB) |
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Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxon Size (PBDB) | 134 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Extant Size (PBDB) | 2 (1.5%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First Recorded Appearance | 46.2 - 40.4 Ma Eocene | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Environment | terrestrial (based on Eutheria) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diet | carnivore | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ecospace Comments | feeding preferences of beardogs must have ranged widely from carnivorous to omnivorous (i.e., mostly carnivorous) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary Reference (PBDB) | R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Name(s) | Bear-dog | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphicyonidae |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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Amphicyoninae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 266 | 30.8 Ma Oligocene | 5.33 Ma Miocene | |
Aphicyoninae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
Daphoeninae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 161 | 40.4 Ma Eocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
Haplocyoninae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Temnocyoninae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 23 | 33.3 Ma Oligocene | 24.8 Ma Oligocene | |
Thaumastocyoninae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 16.9 Ma Miocene | 16.9 Ma Miocene | |
Adilophontes ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 30.8 Ma Oligocene | 24.8 Ma Oligocene | |
Afrocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
Agnotherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 16.0 Ma Miocene | |
Amphicyanis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Amphicyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 16.0 Ma Miocene | |
Angelarctocyon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 40.4 Ma Eocene | 40.4 Ma Eocene | |
Arctamphicyon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Bonisicyon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 11.6 Ma Miocene | 7.25 Ma Miocene | |
Borocyon genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Brachycyon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Brachyrhynchocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 30 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Cynodictis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 14 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Daphoenictis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 12 | 40.4 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
Daphoenodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 43 | 30.8 Ma Oligocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
Daphoenus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 73 | 40.4 Ma Eocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
Delotrochanter ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 26.3 Ma Oligocene | 24.8 Ma Oligocene | |
Dinocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 16.9 Ma Miocene | |
Goupilictis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
Guangxicyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
Gustafsonia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
Haplocyon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | |
Haplocyonoides ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 22.4 Ma Miocene | 16.0 Ma Miocene | |
Haplocyonopsis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Harpagophagus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Ictiocyon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
Ischyrocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 38 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
Mammacyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 30.8 Ma Oligocene | 24.8 Ma Oligocene | |
Myacyon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 13.8 Ma Miocene | 5.33 Ma Miocene | |
Notoamphicyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Paradaphoenus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
Pliocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 10 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 16.0 Ma Miocene | |
Protemnocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Pseudamphicyon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Pseudarctos ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 13 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 12.8 Ma Miocene | |
Pseudocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 25 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 13.6 Ma Miocene | |
Pseudocyonopsis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Rudiocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 30.8 Ma Oligocene | 30.8 Ma Oligocene | |
Sarcocyon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Symplectocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Temnocyon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 9 | 33.3 Ma Oligocene | 24.8 Ma Oligocene | |
Vishnucyon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Ysengrinia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 14 | 30.8 Ma Oligocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene |
Synonymy List
Year | Name and Author |
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1886 | Amphicyonidae Haeckel |
1988 | Amphicyonidae Carroll |
1998 | Amphicyonidae Hunt, Jr. p. 200 |
2001 | Amphicyonidae Hunt, Jr. p. 3 |
2001 | Amphicyonidae Sach and Heizmann p. 28 |
2002 | Amphicyonidae Hunt, Jr. p. 9 |
2003 | Amphicyonidae Zhai et al. p. 294 |
2005 | Amphicyonidae Wang et al. p. 7 |
Year | Name and Author |
---|---|
2007 | Amphicyonidae Morales et al. p. 75 |
2007 | Amphicyonidae Morlo et al. p. 149 |
2010 | Amphicyonidae Werdelin and Peigne p. 603 |
2011 | Amphicyonidae Hunt, Jr. p. 21 |
2011 | Amphicyonidae Tomiya p. 19 |
2015 | Amphicyonidae Hunt, Jr. and Stepleton pp. e891229-4 |
2016 | Amphicyonidae Tomiya and Tseng p. 5 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Sioux County, Nebraska, USA