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Pachydiscus ✝

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Description

Pachydiscus is an extinct genus of ammonite from the Late Cretaceous with a worldwide distribution, and type for the desmoceratacean family Pachydiscidae. The genus' type species is P. neubergicus. Altogether some 28 species have been described.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachydiscus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3245931	https://www.gbif.org/species/3245931
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	15309	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=15309

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Pachydiscidae : Pachydiscus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Pachydiscidae : Pachydiscus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Cephalopoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Ammonoidea
order	Ammonitida	Hyatt 1889
suborder	Ammonitina	Hyatt 1889
superfamily	Desmoceratoidea
family	Pachydiscidae	Spath 1922
genus	Pachydiscus	Zittel 1884

Scientific Name

Pachydiscus Zittel, 1884

Name Published In

Handb. Pal., 1 (2), Lief. 3

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pachydiscus	genus	belongs to Pachydiscidae	stated with evidence	Reyment, 1955
Pachydiscus	genus	belongs to Pachydiscidae	stated without evidence	Zaborski, 1985
Pachydiscus	genus	belongs to Pachydiscidae	stated with evidence	Kennedy, 1986
Pachydiscus	genus	belongs to Ammonoidea	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Pachydiscus	genus	belongs to Pachydiscidae	stated with evidence	Consoli and Stilwell, 2005

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 61.7 Ma
Phanerozoic

Motility

fast-moving (based on Ammonoidea)

Vision

well-developed (based on Cephalopoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Ammonoidea)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Ammonoidea)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachydiscus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Pachydiscus (Neodesmoceras) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		15	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		182	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Joaquinites fascicostatum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus (Parapachydiscus) gardneri ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus (Parapachydiscus) woodringi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus albuquerquei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus ambiguus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus arionis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus arkansanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus armenicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus ashlandicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus athena species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus aturicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus australis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus averilli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus awajiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus besairiei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus bidwelli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus brasiliensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus bruneti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus catarinae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus cayeuxi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus coalingensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus colligatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus complanatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus cortinaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus dossantosi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus duelmensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus egertoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus endymion species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus epiplectus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus eurydice species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus euzebioi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus excelsus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus fascicostatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus flexuosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus gardneri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus gettyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus gollevillensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus gutierrezi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus haldemsis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus hauthali ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus hazzardi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus henleyensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Pachydiscus hera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus hermes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus jacquoti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus jeani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus kamishakensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus laevicanaliculatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus launayi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus levyi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		7	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus maconensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus manambolensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus merriami ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pachydiscus mokotibensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus naumanni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pachydiscus neubergicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		25	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus obsoletiformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus oceanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus oldhami species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus ootacodensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus oregonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus orpheus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus panochensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus parahybensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus patagonicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus paulsoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus peninsularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus peramplus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus perfidus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus perseus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus poseidon species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus precolligatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus princeps species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus psyche species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus reedsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus riccardi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		25	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus rogeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus selbiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus soma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus stallauensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus stanislausensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus steinmanni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus subcompressus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus subrobustus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus sumneri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus travisi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus ultimus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus williamsoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus woodringi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachydiscus yama species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Parapachydiscus abbotti ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Parapachydiscus albuquerquei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus arionis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus athena ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus bidwelli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus brasiliensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus bruneti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus catarinae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus coalingensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parapachydiscus cortinaensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus endymion ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus eurydice ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parapachydiscus euzebioi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus gabbi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Parapachydiscus gettyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus hera ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus hermes ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus oceanus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus orpheus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parapachydiscus panochensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus parahybensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus peninsularis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus perseus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus poseidon ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus psyche ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus reedsi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus stanislausensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus sumneri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus williamsoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Pseudomenuites Matsumoto, 1955	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Pachydiscidae : *Pseudomenuites*
Haploceras Neumayr, 1875	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Pachydiscidae : *Haploceras*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1884	Pachydiscus Zittel
1900	Parapachydiscus Hyatt p. 570
1921	Pachydiscus (Parapachydiscus) Yabe p. 57
1947	Pachydiscus (Parapachydiscus) Reeside p. 3
1955	Pseudomenuites Matsumoto p. 169
1955	Pachydiscus Reyment p. 16
1958	Joaquinites Anderson p. 214
1970	Pachydiscus Henderson p. 61
1985	Pachydiscus Morozumi p. 17
1985	Pachydiscus Zaborski p. 19
1986	Pachydiscus Kennedy p. 161
1986	Pachydiscus Kennedy and Summesberger p. 188
1986	Pachydiscus Macellari p. 46
1987	Pachydiscus Kennedy and Summesberger p. 29
1992	Pachydiscus Cobban and Kennedy p. 69
1993	Pachydiscus Kennedy p. 103
1993	Pachydiscus Kennedy and Cobban p. 411

Year	Name and Author
1993	Pachydiscus Ward and Kennedy p. 30
1994	Pachydiscus Kennedy and Cobban p. 1287
1995	Pachydiscus Kennedy p. 243
1995	Pachydiscus Kennedy and Bilotte p. 364
1995	Pachydiscus Kennedy and Kaplan p. 27
1996	Pachydiscus Kennedy and Cobban p. 799
1997	Pachydiscus Kennedy and Cobban p. 63
1999	Pachydiscus Kennedy p. 648
2000	Pachydiscus Arkadiev et al. p. 111
2001	Pachydiscus F?zy p. 26
2002	Pachydiscus Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Pachydiscus Consoli and Stilwell p. 390
2007	Pachydiscus Landman et al. p. 57
2016	Pachydiscus Niebuhr et al. p. 211
2016	Pachydiscus Shigeta p. 343
2019	Pachydiscus Jagt et al. p. 591

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Reeside J. B. (1947) Upper Cretaceous ammonites from Haiti, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 214 A, 1-5

Reyment R. A. (1955) The Cretaceous Ammonoidea of southern Nigeria and the southern Cameroons, Geological Survey of Nigeria Bulletin 25, 1-112

Anderson F. M. (1958) Upper Cretaceous of the Pacific Coast, Geological Society of America Memoir 71, 1-378

Henderson R. A. (1970) Ammonoidea from the Mata Series (Santonian-Maastrichtian) of New Zealand, Special Papers in Palaeontology 6, 1-82

Morozumi Y. (1985) Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) ammonites from Awaji Island, southwest Japan, Bulletin of the Osaka Museum of Natural History 39, 1-58

Zaborski P. M. P. (1985) Upper Cretaceous ammonites from the Calabar region, south-east Nigeria, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol.) 39 1, 1-72

Kennedy W. J. (1986) The ammonite fauna of the type Maastrichtian with a revision of Ammonites colligatus Binkhorst, 1861, Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg.: Science de la Terre 56, 151-267

Kennedy W. J., Summesberger H. (1986) Lower Maastrichtian ammonites from Neuberg, Steiermark, Austria, Beitr. Paläont. Österr. 12, 181-242

Macellari C. E. (1986) Late Campanian-Maastrichtian ammonite fauna from Seymour Island (Antarctic Peninsula), The Paleontological Society Memoir 18, 1-59

Kennedy W. J., Summesberger H. (1987) Lower Maastrichtian Ammonites from Nagoryany (Ukranian SSR)\r\n\r\n, Beiträge zur Paläontologie und Geologie Österreich-Ungarns und des Orient 13, 25-78

Cobban W. A., Kennedy W. J. (1992) Campanian Trachyscaphites spiniger ammonite fauna in north-east Texas, Palaeontology 35 1, 63-93

Kennedy W. J. (1993) Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites from the Mons Basin and adajcent areas (Belgium), Bulletin de L'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 63, 99-131

Kennedy W. J., Cobban W. A. (1993) Ammonites from the Saratoga Chalk (Upper Cretaceous), Arkansas, Journal of Paleontology 67 3, 404-434

Ward P. D., Kennedy W. J. (1993) Maastrichtian ammonites from the Biscay region (France, Spain), The Paleontological Society Memoir 34, 1-58

Kennedy W. J., Cobban W. A. (1994) Upper Campanian ammonites from the Mount Laurel Sand at Biggs Farm, Delaware, Journal of Paleontology 68 6, 1285-1305

Kennedy W. J. (1995) Maastrichtian ammonites from the United Arab Emirates-Oman border region, Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Geology Series 51, 241-250

Kennedy W. J., Bilotte M. (1995) A new ammonite fauna from the sub-Pyrenean Campanian (Upper Cretaceous), Geobios 28 3, 359-370

Kennedy W. J., Kaplan U. (1995) Parapuzosia (Parapuzosia) seppenradensis (Landois) und die Ammonitenfauna der Dülmener Schichten, unteres Unter-Campan, Westfalen, Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen 33, 1-127

Kennedy W. J., Cobban W.A. (1996) Maastrichtian ammonites from the Hornerstown Formation in New Jersey, Journal of Paleontology 70 5, 798-805

Kennedy W. J., Cobban W.A (1997) Upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) ammonites from the Marshalltown Formation-Mount Laurel boundary beds in Delaware, Journal of Paleontology 71 1, 62-73

Kennedy W. J. (1999) Systematic paleontology, in Maastrichtian ammonites from Balochistan, Pakistan, Journal of Paleontology 73, 641-662

Arkadiev V. V., Atabekian A. A., et al (2000) Stratigraphy and ammonites of Cretaceous deposits of south-west Crimea, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 255, 85-128

Főzy I. (2001) Campanian (Late Cretaceous) cephalopods from Sümeg (Transdanubian Central Range, Hungary), Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica 19, 25-37

Consoli C. P., Stilwell J. D. (2005) Late Cretaceous Cephalopoda (Mollusca) from the Takatika Grit, Chatham Islands, southwest Pacific, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 48, 389-393

Landman N. H., Johnson R. O., et al (2007) Cephalopods from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary interval on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. with a description of the highest ammonite zones in North America. Part III. Manasquan River Basin, Monmouth County, New Jersey, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 303, 1-122

Niebuhr B., Taherpour Khalil Abad M., et al (2016) First record of late Campanian ammonites from the Abderaz Formation of the Koppeh Dagh, northeastern Iran, Cretaceous Research 58, 202-222

Shigeta Y. (2016) Paleontological description, in Middle and late Campanian (Late Cretaceous) ammonoids from the Urakawa area, Hokkaido, northern Japan, Paleontological Research 20, 322-366

Jagt J. W. M., Jagt-Yazykova E. A., et al (2019) Ammonite dating of latest Cretaceous mosasaurid reptiles (Squamata, Mosasauroidea) from Jordan—preliminary observations, Alcheringa 42, 587-596

Handb. Pal., 1 (2), Lief. 3 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

(as Clymenidae) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Storer et al., 1979 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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