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Ortheziidae

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Description

Ortheziidae is a family of scale insects commonly known as the ensign scales or ortheziids. They occur in most parts of the world but the majority of the species are found in the Neotropics and Nearctic regions while there are not many species in Australasia and the Far East. There are twenty valid genera and 198 species.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortheziidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4530	https://www.gbif.org/species/4530
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	383069	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=383069

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Ortheziidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
-	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
-	Clareocercaria	Prokop et al. 2017
-	Acercaria
superorder	Pancondylognatha	Yoshizawa and Leinhard 2016
-	Condylognatha	Börner 1904
order	Hemiptera	Linnaeus 1758
suborder	Sternorrhyncha
superfamily	Coccoidea	Fallen 1814
family	Ortheziidae	Amyot and Audinet-Serville 1843

Common Name

ensign scale insect

Scientific Name

Ortheziidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Ortheziidae	family	belongs to Orthezioidea	stated with evidence	Koteja and Azar, 2008
Ortheziidae	family	belongs to Coccoidea	stated with evidence	Vea and Grimaldi, 2015
Ortheziidae	family	belongs to Archecoccoidea	stated without evidence	Szwedo, 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

14 (44%)

First Recorded Appearance

130 - 125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Insecta)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Insecta)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. J. B. Amyot and J. G. Audinet-Serville. 1843. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Hémiptères

Common Name(s)

Vaxsköldlöss, Ensign Scale Insect, Ensign Coccids, Ensign Scales

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortheziidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Newsteadiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		2	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Nipponortheziinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		3	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Ortheziinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		3	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Arctorthezia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Burmorthezia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cretorthezia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Graminorthezia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Insignorthezia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Jermycoccus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Matileortheziola genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mixorthezia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Neomixorthezia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Neonipponorthezia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Newsteadia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Nipponorthezia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nipponorthezinella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Ochyrocoris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Orthezia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Orthezinella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ortheziola genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ortheziolacoccus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ortheziolamameti genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Palaeonewsteadia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Praelongorthezia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Protorthezia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Wathondara ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
2008	Ortheziidae Koteja and Azar p. 135
2015	Ortheziidae Vea and Grimaldi p. 62
2018	Ortheziidae Szwedo p. 114

References

Amyot C. J. B., Audinet-Serville J. G. , Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Hémiptères, 1-675

Koteja J., Azar D. (2008) Scale insects from Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccinea), Alavesia 2, 133-167

Vea I. M., Grimaldi D. A. (2015) Diverse new scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a phylogenetic framework for fossil Coccoidea, American Museum Novitates 3823, 1-80

Szwedo J. (2018) The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time, Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 107, 109-128

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Gertsson CA (2015) """Coccoidea Sverige Kollad av C_A G.xlsx"" sent to Johan Liljeblad via e-mail on 2015-09-14." - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Hemiptera Poloniae (2015) http://hemiptera.ksib.pl/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

McGavin, George C., 1993: null. Bugs of the World. 192. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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