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Endoceras ✝
| Description | Endoceras (Ancient Greek for "inner horn") is an extinct genus of large, straight shelled cephalopods from the Middle and Upper Ordovician that gives its name to the Nautiliod order Endocerida. Shells grew to be as long as 3.5 meters (ca 13 ft.) The cross section in the mature portion is slightly wider than high, but is narrower laterally in the young. Sutures are straight and transverse. Endoceras has a large siphuncle, located close to the ventral margin, composed of concave segments, especially in the young but which may be tubular in the adult stage. Endocones are simple, subcircular in cross section, and penetrated by a narrow tube which may contain diaphragms reminiscent of the Ellesmerocerid ancestor. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoceras, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | genus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Endoceratidae : Endoceras | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Endocerida : Endoceratidae : Endoceras | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Endoceras Hall, 1847 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name Published In | N. H. New York (Pal. 1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 485 - 479 Ma Paleozoic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Recorded Appearance | 443 - 419 Ma Paleozoic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Endocerida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | well-developed (based on Cephalopoda) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | carnivore (based on Endocerida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | aragonite (based on Endocerida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoceras |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cameroceras annuliferum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyrtoceras aristides species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras annuliferum ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Endoceras aristides ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Endoceras baffinense ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Endoceras baylorense ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Endoceras bristolense species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras calvini ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras centrotubulatum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras champlainense ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Endoceras deparcum ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras eburneolum ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Endoceras fulgur ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Endoceras glauconiticum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras glaucus ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras gouldi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras hageri ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras hasta species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras hircus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras hudsoni ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Endoceras indigator ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras knighti ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras lamottense ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras landerense species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras lawrencense ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras logani ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras lorrainense species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras magister ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Endoceras magnum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras microlobatum ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Endoceras naekki ✝ species | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Endoceras ommaneyi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras paradoxicum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras perannulatum ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Endoceras philipsburgense ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras primigenium ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 485 Ma Cambrian | 485 Ma Cambrian | |
| Endoceras proteiforme ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 28 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Endoceras raymondi ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Endoceras richardsoni ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras sansabaense ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras schmidti species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras seticornium ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Endoceras subannulatum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras tityrus ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 485 Ma Cambrian | 485 Ma Cambrian | |
| Endoceras trundlesense ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras warburtoni species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endoceras warthini ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Endoceras yellvillense ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Orthoceras deparcum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orthoceras fulgar species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orthoceras glaucus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orthoceras hageri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orthoceras indigator species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orthoceras perannulatum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orthoceras primigenium species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orthoceras tityrus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orygoceras eburneolum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Obsolete Names
| Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andoceras d'Orbigny, 1850 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Endoceratidae : Andoceras |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1847 | Endoceras Hall |
| 1934 | Endoceras Strand |
| 1944 | Endoceras Ulrich et al. |
| 1955 | Endoceras Flower |
| 1958 | Endoceras Sweet |
| 1964 | Endoceras Teichert et al. p. 173 |
| 1993 | Endoceras Evans p. 163 |
| 2019 | Endoceras Kröger and Aubrechtová |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
