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Loxolophus ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4826573	https://www.gbif.org/species/4826573
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42209	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42209

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Arctocyonidae : Loxolophus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
family	Arctocyonidae	Murray 1866
genus	Loxolophus	Cope 1885

Scientific Name

Loxolophus Cope, 1885

Name Published In

Amer. Natural., 19

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Loxolophus	genus	belongs to Mammalia	stated with evidence	Cope, 1885
Loxolophus	genus	belongs to Oxyclaenidae	stated with evidence	Scott, 1892
Loxolophus	genus	subjective synonym of Protochriacus	stated without evidence	Matthew, 1897
Loxolophus	genus	belongs to Oxyclaenidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Loxolophus	genus	belongs to Arctocyonidae	stated without evidence	Matthew, 1937
Loxolophus	genus	belongs to Arctocyonidae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Loxolophus	genus	belongs to Arctocyonidae	stated without evidence	Archibald, 1998
Loxolophus	genus	belongs to Loxolophinae	stated without evidence	Eberle, 2003
Loxolophus	genus	belongs to Arctocyonidae	stated with evidence	Tabuce et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

66.0 - 63.3 Ma
Paleocene

Last Recorded Appearance

63.3 - 61.7 Ma
Paleocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore (based on Arctocyonidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. D. Cope. 1885. The oldest Tertiary Mammalia. American Naturalist 19:385-387

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Chriacus hyattianus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Chriacus priscus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Chriacus simplex ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Loxolophus faulkneri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Loxolophus schizophrenus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mioclaenus pentacus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	63.3 Ma Paleocene
Protogonodon criswelli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	63.3 Ma Paleocene	63.3 Ma Paleocene
Protogonodon grangeri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Protogonodon kimbetovius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Protogonodon spiekeri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	63.3 Ma Paleocene
Protogonodon stenognathus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Deltatherium interruptum Cope, 1882	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Arctocyonidae : *Deltatherium interruptum*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1882	Deltatherium interruptum Cope p. 463
1883	Deltatherium interruptum Cope p. 282
1885	Loxolophus Cope p. 386
1892	Protogonodon Scott
1892	Protochriacus Scott p. 296
1892	Loxolophus Scott p. 297
1892	Protogonodon Scott p. 322
1902	Protogonodon Hay p. 603

Year	Name and Author
1902	Loxolophus Hay p. 745
1902	Deltatherium interruptum Hay p. 751
1937	Loxolophus Matthew
1943	Paradoxodonta Strand
1997	Loxolophus McKenna and Bell
1998	Loxolophus Archibald
2003	Loxolophus Eberle p. 153
2011	Loxolophus Tabuce et al. p. 152

References

Cope E. D. The oldest Tertiary Mammalia, American Naturalist 19, 385-387

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the Vertebrata of the Puerco Eocene epoch. Supplement on a new Meniscotherium from the Wasatch epoch, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 20, 461-471

Scott W. B. A revision of the North American Creodonta with notes on some genera which have been referred to that group, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 44, 291-323

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Matthew W. D. (1937) Paleocene faunas of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 30, 1-510

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Archibald J. D. (1998) Archaic ungulates ("Condylarthra"), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 292-331

Eberle J. J. (2003) Puercan mammalian systematics and biostratigraphy in the Denver Formation, Denver Basin, Colorado, Rocky Mountain Geology 38 1, 143-169

Tabuce R., Clavel J., et al (2011) A structural intermediate between triisodontids and mesonychians (Mammalia, Acreodi) from the earliest Eocene of Portugal, Naturwissenschaften 98, 145-155

GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Amer. Natural., 19 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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