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Proconsul ✝

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Description

A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul. A proconsul was typically a former consul. The term is also used in recent history for officials with delegated authority.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proconsul, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4827206	https://www.gbif.org/species/4827206
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40895	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40895

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Proconsulidae : Proconsul

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Primates	Linnaeus 1758
infraorder	Haplorhini
-	Anthropoidea
infraorder	Catarrhini	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
superfamily	Hominoidea	Gray 1825
family	Proconsulidae	Leakey 1963
genus	Proconsul	Hopwood 1933

Scientific Name

Proconsul Hopwood, 1933

Name Published In

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10) 11

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Proconsul	genus	belongs to Dryopithecinae	stated with evidence	Pilbeam et al., 1977
Proconsul	genus	belongs to Proconsulidae	stated with evidence	Andrews, 1992
Proconsul	genus	belongs to Pongidae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Proconsul	genus	belongs to Proconsulidae	stated without evidence	Harrison and Gu, 1999
Proconsul	genus	belongs to Proconsulinae	stated with evidence	Harrison and Andrews, 2009
Proconsul	genus	belongs to Proconsulidae	stated with evidence	Zalmout et al., 2010

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

28.1 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

13.8 - 11.6 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Mammalia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore (based on Primates)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proconsul

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Proconsul africanus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Proconsul gitongai ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Proconsul hamiltoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Proconsul heseloni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Proconsul major ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	20.4 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Proconsul meswae ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Proconsul nyanzae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	13.8 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Ugandapithecus gitongai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1933	Proconsul Hopwood
1977	Proconsul Pilbeam et al. p. 694
1992	Proconsul Andrews p. 642
1997	Proconsul McKenna and Bell
1999	Proconsul Harrison and Gu p. 266
2000	Ugandapithecus Senut et al.
2003	Ugandapithecus Pickford et al. p. 661
2009	Proconsul Harrison and Andrews p. 481
2010	Proconsul Zalmout et al. pp. Supp. 4 figs. Table 2

References

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Pilbeam D., Meyer G. E., et al (1977) New hominoid primates from the Siwaliks of Pakistan and their bearing on hominoid evolution, Nature 270, 689-695

Andrews P. (1992) Evolution and environment in the Hominoidea, Nature 360, 641-646

Harrison T., Gu Y. (1999) Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of early Miocene catarrhines from Sihong, China 37 2, 225-277

Pickford M., Senut B., et al (2003) New Catarrhine fossils from Moroto II, Early Middle Miocene (ca 17.5 Ma) Uganda, Comptes Rendus Palevol 2 8, 649-662

Harrison T., Andrews P. (2009) The anatomy and systematic position of the early Miocene proconsulid from Meswa Bridge, Kenya, Journal of Human Evolution 56 5, 479-496 doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.02.005

Zalmout I. S., Sanders W. J., et al (2010) New Oligocene primate from Saudi Arabia and the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys, Nature 466, 360-364

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10) 11 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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