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Isectolophidae ✝

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Description

Isectolophidae is a group of browsing, herbivorous, mammals in the Perissodactyla family Ancylopoda that show long, curved and cleft claws.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isectolophidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4830542	https://www.gbif.org/species/4830542
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	43097	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43097

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Isectolophidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Isectolophidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
order	Perissodactyla
-	Tapiromorpha
family	Isectolophidae	Peterson 1919

Scientific Name

Isectolophidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Isectolophidae	family	belongs to Tapiroidea	stated with evidence	Peterson, 1919
Isectolophidae	family	belongs to Tapiroidea	stated without evidence	Sahni and Khare, 1971
Isectolophidae	family	belongs to Ceratomorpha	implied	Carroll, 1988
Isectolophidae	family	belongs to Isectolophomorpha	stated without evidence	Prothero and Schoch, 1989
Isectolophidae	family	belongs to Tapiromorpha	stated with evidence	Holbrook, 1999
Isectolophidae	family	belongs to Tapiromorpha	stated without evidence	Maas et al., 2001
Isectolophidae	family	belongs to Perissodactyla	stated without evidence	Lucas and Kondrashov, 2004
Isectolophidae	family	belongs to Tapiromorpha	stated with evidence	Holbrook et al., 2004
Isectolophidae	family	invalid subgroup of Ancylopoda	stated with evidence	Hooker and Dashzeveg, 2004
Isectolophidae	family	belongs to Tapiromorpha	stated with evidence	Holbrook and Lapergola, 2011

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 48.6 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

46.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

browser

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

O. A. Peterson. 1919. Report Upon the Material Discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the Years 1908-1909, and by O. A. Peterson in 1912. Annals of Carnegie Museum 12(2):40-168

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isectolophidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Homogalaxinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Isectolophinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Cardiolophus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	108	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Chowliia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	56.0 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Gandheralophus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Homogalax ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	172	55.8 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Isectolophus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	15	55.8 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Karagalax ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Meridiolophus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Paralophiodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	17	56.0 Ma Paleocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Sastrilophus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Systemodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1894	Systemodontinae Osborn and Wortman
1919	Isectolophidae Peterson p. 115
1963	Isectolophidae Radinsky p. 9
1971	Isectolophidae Sahni and Khare p. 45
1988	Isectolophidae Carroll
1989	Isectolophidae Prothero and Schoch p. 532

Year	Name and Author
1999	Isectolophidae Holbrook p. 346
2001	Isectolophidae Maas et al. p. 408
2004	Isectolophidae Holbrook et al. p. 955
2004	Isectolophidae Lucas and Kondrashov p. 215
2011	Isectolophidae Holbrook and Lapergola p. 898

References

Peterson O. A. (1919) Report Upon the Material Discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the Years 1908-1909, and by O. A. Peterson in 1912, Annals of Carnegie Museum 12 2, 40-168

Radinsky L. B. (1963) Origin and Early Evolution of North American Tapiroidea, Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin 17, 1-118

Sahni A., Khare S. K. (1971) Three new Eocene mammals from Rajauri District, Jammu and Kashmir, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 16, 41-53

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Classification of the Perissodactyla, The Evolution of Perissodactyla, 530-537

Holbrook L. T. (1999) The Pphylogeny and classification of tapiromorph perissodactyls (Mammalia), Cladistics 15 3, 331-350

Maas M. C., Hussain S. T., et al (2001) A new isectolophid tapiromorph (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the early Eocene of Pakistan, Journal of Paleontology 75 2, 407-417

Holbrook L. T., Lucas S. G., et al (2004) Skulls of the Eocene perissodactyls (Mammalia) "Homogalax" and "Isectolophus", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 4, 951-956

Lucas S. G., Kondrashov P. E. (2004) Early Eocene (Bumbanian) perissodactyls from Mongolia and their biochronologic significance, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 26, 215-220

Holbrook L. T., Lapergola J. (2011) A new genus of perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the Bridgerian of Wyoming, with comments on basal perissodactyl phylogeny, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 4, 895-901 doi:dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.579669

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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