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Phocanella ✝

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Description

Phocanella is an extinct genus of earless seals from the early Pliocene of Belgium and the US Eastern Seaboard.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocanella, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4833102	https://www.gbif.org/species/4833102
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36937	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36937

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Phocanella

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
-	Pinnipedimorpha	Berta et al. 1989
-	Pinnipedia
family	Phocidae	Gray 1821
subfamily	Phocinae	Gray 1821
genus	Phocanella	Van Beneden 1876

Scientific Name

Phocanella Van Beneden, 1876

Name Published In

Bull. Acad. Sci. Belgique, (2) 41

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Newton, 1891
Phocanella	subgenus	belongs to Phoca	stated without evidence	Trouessart, 1898
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocidae	stated without evidence	Palmer, 1904
Phocanella	subgenus	belongs to Phoca	stated without evidence	Trouessart, 1904
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocidae	stated without evidence	Kellogg, 1922
Phocanella	subgenus	belongs to Phoca	stated without evidence	Friant, 1944
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocinae	stated without evidence	Ginsburg and Janvier, 1971
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocidae	stated without evidence	Ginsburg and Janvier, 1975
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocinae	stated without evidence	Muizon, 1981
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocini	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocinae	stated without evidence	Ginsburg and Janvier, 1999
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocinina	stated without evidence	Koretsky, 2001
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Carnivora	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocinae	stated without evidence	Berta, 2002
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocinae	stated with evidence	Deméré et al., 2003
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocinae	stated without evidence	Koretsky and Ray, 2008
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocini	stated without evidence	Koretsky and Barnes, 2008
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocinae	stated with evidence	Berta, 2009
Phocanella	genus	belongs to Phocinae	stated without evidence	Berta, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 13.8 Ma
Miocene

Last Recorded Appearance

2.59 - 0.78 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

marine (based on Pinnipedia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

piscivore, carnivore (based on Phocidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. J. Van Beneden. 1876. Les phoques fossiles du bassin d'Anvers. Bulletins de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique 41:783-803

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocanella

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Phocanella pumila ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	23.0 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Phoca couffoni (Friant, 1947)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Phocanella : *Phoca couffoni*
Phocanella couffoni (Friant, 1947)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Phocanella : *Phocanella couffoni*
Phoca straeleni Friant, 1944	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Phocanella : *Phoca straeleni*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1876	Phocanella Van Beneden p. 799
1891	Phocanella Newton p. 19
1898	Phoca (Phocanella) Trouessart p. 385
1904	Phocanella Palmer p. 533
1904	Phoca (Phocanella) Trouessart p. 288
1922	Phocanella Kellogg p. 121
1944	Phoca (Phocanella) Friant p. 4
1944	Phoca (Phocanella) straeleni Friant p. 4 figs. Figure 1
1947	Phoca (Phocanella) Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Phoca) couffoni Friant p. 44 figs. Plate II, Fig. 2
1971	Phocanella Ginsburg and Janvier p. 162
1971	Phocanella couffoni Ginsburg and Janvier p. 162
1975	Phocanella Ginsburg and Janvier p. 76 figs. Fig. 1
1981	Phocanella Muizon p. 135
1982	Phocanella Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1988	Phocanella Carroll
1997	Phocanella McKenna and Bell p. 258
1999	Phocanella Ginsburg and Janvier p. 170
1999	Phocanella couffoni Ginsburg and Janvier p. 170
2001	Phocanella Koretsky p. 85
2002	Phocanella Berta p. 923
2002	Phocanella Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Phocanella Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2008	Phocanella Koretsky and Barnes p. 548
2008	Phocanella Koretsky and Ray p. 85
2009	Phocanella Berta p. 863
2017	Phocanella Berta p. 157
2019	Phocanella Albright et al. p. 178

Year	Name and Author
1876	Phocanella Van Beneden p. 799
1891	Phocanella Newton p. 19
1898	Phoca (Phocanella) Trouessart p. 385
1904	Phocanella Palmer p. 533
1904	Phoca (Phocanella) Trouessart p. 288
1922	Phocanella Kellogg p. 121
1944	Phoca (Phocanella) Friant p. 4
1944	Phoca (Phocanella) straeleni Friant p. 4 figs. Figure 1
1947	Phoca (Phocanella) Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Phoca) couffoni Friant p. 44
1971	Phocanella Ginsburg and Janvier p. 162
1971	Phocanella couffoni Ginsburg and Janvier p. 162
1975	Phocanella Ginsburg and Janvier p. 76 figs. Fig. 1
1981	Phocanella Muizon p. 135
1982	Phocanella Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1988	Phocanella Carroll
1997	Phocanella McKenna and Bell p. 258
1999	Phocanella Ginsburg and Janvier p. 170
1999	Phocanella couffoni Ginsburg and Janvier p. 170
2001	Phocanella Koretsky p. 85
2002	Phocanella Berta p. 923
2002	Phocanella Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Phocanella Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2008	Phocanella Koretsky and Barnes p. 548
2008	Phocanella Koretsky and Ray p. 85
2009	Phocanella Berta p. 863
2017	Phocanella Berta p. 157
2019	Phocanella Albright et al. p. 178

References

Van Beneden P. J. Les phoques fossiles du bassin d'Anvers, Bulletins de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique 41, 783-803

Newton E. T. The vertebrata of the Pliocene deposits of Britain, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, 1-137

Trouessart E. L. , Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilum 5, 665-1264

Palmer T. S. (1904) Index generum mammalium: a list of the genera and families of mammals, North American Fauna 23, 1-984

Kellogg R. (1922) Pinnipeds from Miocene and Pleistocene deposits of California, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 13 4, 23-132

Friant M. (1944) Le femur des phocides scaldisiens; son interpretation morphologique, Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique 20 12, 1-4

Friant M. (1947) Recherches sur le femur des phocidae, Bulletin du Musee royal d'Hisoire naturelle de Belgique 23 2, 1-51

Ginsburg L., Janvier P. (1971) Les mamiferes marins des faluns miocenes de la Touraine et de l'Anjou, Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sciences de la Terre 6 22, 161-195

Ginsburg L., Janvier P. (1975) Les mammiferes marins des faluns de la Touraine et de l'Anjou: faune, gisements et paleobiologie, Bulletin Society E. sci. Anjou, N. S. 9, 73-96

Muizon C. (1981) Les vertebres fossiles de la Formation Pisco (Perou). Premiere parti: Deux nouveaux Monachina (Phocidae, Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud-Sacaco, Recherche sur les grandes civilisations Memoire 6, 1-150

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Ginsburg L., Janvier P. (1999) Les phoques (Phocidae, Pinnipedia, Carnivora, Mammalia) des faluns Miocenes de L'Anjou, Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles de l'Ouest de la France, Nouvelle serie 21 4, 169-178

Koretsky I. (2001) Morphology and systematics of Miocene Phocinae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Paratethys and the North Atlantic region, Geologica Hungarica Series Palaeontologica 54, 1-109

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76

Koretsky I. A., Barnes L. G. (2008) Phocidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 2, 542-556

Koretsky I. A., Ray C. E. (2008) Phocidae of the Pliocene of eastern USA, Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 14, 81-140

Berta A. (2009) Pinniped Evolution, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammal Evolution, 861-868

Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198

Albright L. B., Sanders A. E., et al (2019) Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57 2, 77-236

Bull. Acad. Sci. Belgique, (2) 41 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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