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Hypisodus ✝

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Description

Hypisodus is an extinct genus belonging to the family Hypertragulidae, within the order Artiodactyla, endemic to North America during the Eocene through Oligocene, living 37.2–26.3 Ma, existing for approximately 10.9 million years.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypisodus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4835235	https://www.gbif.org/species/4835235
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42592	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42592

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hypertragulidae : Hypisodus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hypisodontidae : Hypisodus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
order	Artiodactyla	Owen 1848
-	Ruminantiamorpha	Spaulding et al. 2009
-	Ruminantia
infraorder	Tragulina	Flower 1883
superfamily	Hypertraguloidea	Scott 1940
family	Hypisodontidae
genus	Hypisodus	Cope 1873

Scientific Name

Hypisodus Cope, 1873

Name Published In

Dep. Inter. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Syn. Vert.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hypisodus	genus	belongs to Hypertragulidae	stated without evidence	Cope, 1873
Hypisodus	genus	belongs to Leptomerycinae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Hypisodus	genus	belongs to Hypisodontinae	stated without evidence	Matthew, 1908
Hypisodus	genus	belongs to Hypertragulidae	stated without evidence	Cook, 1934
Hypisodus	genus	belongs to Hypisodontinae	stated with evidence	Scott, 1940
Hypisodus	genus	belongs to Hypisodontinae	stated without evidence	Gazin, 1955
Hypisodus	genus	belongs to Hypertragulidae	stated without evidence	Johnson, 1966
Hypisodus	genus	belongs to Hypertragulidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Hypisodus	genus	belongs to Hypertragulidae	stated without evidence	Vislobokova, 1998
Hypisodus	genus	belongs to Hypisodontidae	stated with evidence	Vislobokova, 2001

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Last Recorded Appearance

30.8 - 26.3 Ma
Oligocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

grazer, browser (based on Artiodactyla)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. D. Cope. 1873. Synopsis of new Vertebrata from the Tertiary of Colorado obtained during the summer of 1873. In F. V. Hayden (ed.), Seventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories (extract)

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypisodus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Hypisodus alacer ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Hypisodus ironsi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	33.3 Ma Oligocene	33.3 Ma Oligocene
Hypisodus paululus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Hypisodus retallacki ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	33.3 Ma Oligocene	33.3 Ma Oligocene
Hypisodus ringens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Leptauchenia minima ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	16	37.2 Ma Eocene	33.3 Ma Oligocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1873	Hypisodus Cope
1902	Hypisodus Hay p. 672
1908	Hypisodus Matthew p. 561
1934	Hypisodus Cook p. 156
1940	Hypisodus Scott p. 524
1955	Hypisodus Gazin p. 44
1966	Hypisodus Johnson p. 80
1988	Hypisodus Carroll
1998	Hypisodus Vislobokova
2001	Hypisodus Vislobokova p. S136

References

Cope E. D. Synopsis of new Vertebrata from the Tertiary of Colorado obtained during the summer of 1873, Seventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories (extract)

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Matthew W. D. (1908) Osteology of Blastomeryx and phylogeny of the American Cervidae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24 27, 535-562

Cook H. J. (1934) New artiodactyls from the Oligocene and Lower Miocene of Nebraska, American Midland Naturalist 15 2, 148-165

Scott W. B. (1940) The mammalian fauna of the White River Oligocene; Part 4, Artiodactyla; Part 5, Perissodactyla, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 28 4, 363-746

Gazin C. L. (1955) A review of the Upper Eocene Artiodactyla of North America, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 128 8, 1-96

Johnson G. D. (1966) Small mammals of the Middle Oligocene of the Big Badlands of South Dakota, Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 45, 78-83

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Vislobokova I. (1998) A New Representative of the Hypertraguloidea (Tragulina, Ruminantia) from the Khoer-Dzan Locality in Mongolia, with Remarks on the Relationships of the Hypertragulidae, American Museum Novitates 3225, 1-24

Vislobokova I. A. (2001) Evolution and classification of Tragulina (Ruminantia, Artiodactyla), Paleontological Journal Suppl. 2, S69-S145

Dep. Inter. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Syn. Vert. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Museum Victoria KEmu database (Oct 2006) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

NZ cross ref or inferred from publ. title - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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