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Plastomenidae ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4965176	https://www.gbif.org/species/4965176
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	105487	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=105487

Rank

family (GBIF)
unranked clade (PBDB)

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Plastomenidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
-	Testudinata
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
suborder	Cryptodira	Cope 1868
suborder	Trionychia
-	Pantrionychidae	Joyce et al. 2004
family	Plastomenidae

Scientific Name

Plastomenidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Plastomenidae	family	belongs to Trionychia	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Plastomenidae	family	belongs to Trionychoidea	stated with evidence	Hay, 1908
Plastomenidae	family	belongs to Trionychii	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Plastomenidae	subfamily	belongs to Trionychidae	stated without evidence	Holroyd and Hutchison, 2002
Plastomenidae	subfamily	belongs to Trionychidae	stated with evidence	Hutchison and Holroyd, 2003
Plastomenidae	unranked clade	belongs to Trionychidae	stated without evidence	Sullivan et al., 2012
Plastomenidae	unranked clade	belongs to Pantrionychidae	stated with evidence	Vitek and Joyce, 2015

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene

Environment

freshwater (based on Cryptodira)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore (based on Cryptodira)

Reproduction

oviparous (based on Cryptodira)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

O. P. Hay. 1902. Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179:1-868

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Aspideretoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	35	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Atoposemys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Helopanoplia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	58	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hutchemys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	34	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	56.8 Ma Paleocene
Plastomenus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	26	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	40.4 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1902	Plastomenidae Hay p. 452
1908	Plastomenidae Hay p. 466
1911	Plastomenidae Jaekel p. 186
2002	Plastomeninae Holroyd and Hutchison p. 181
2003	Plastomeninae Hutchison and Holroyd
2009	Plastomeninae Hutchison
2009	Plastomeninae Joyce et al.
2012	Plastomeninae Sullivan et al.
2015	Plastomenidae Vitek and Joyce

References

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Hay O. P. (1908) The fossil turtles of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 75, 1-568

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Holroyd P. A., Hutchison J. H. (2002) Patterns of geographic variation in latest Cretaceous vertebrates: evidence from the turtle component, Geological Society of America Special Paper 361, 177-190

Hutchison J. H., Holroyd P. A. (2003) Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene turtles of the Denver Basin, Colorado, Rocky Mountain Geology 38 1, 121-142

Hutchison J. H. (2009) New soft-shelled turtles (Plastomeninae, Trionychidae, Testudines) from the Cretaceous and Paleocene of North America, PaleoBios 29 2, 36-47

Joyce W. G., Revan A., et al (2009) Two new plastomenine softshell turtles from the Paleocene of Montana and Wyoming, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 50 2, 307-325

Sullivan R. M., Jasinski S. E., et al (2012) Re-assessment of Late Campanian (Kirtlandian) turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland and Kirtland formations, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA, Morphology and Evolution of Turtles, 337-387 doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_20

Vitek N. S., Joyce W. G. (2015) A Review of the Fossil Record of New World Turtles of the Clade Pan-Trionychidae, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 56 2, 185-244

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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